A set of beliefs that guide scientific work in an area, including the unquestioned presuppositions, accepted theories, and exemplary research findings is known as ______?
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A scientific revolution
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A social theory that explains individual action with the principle that actors choose actions that maximize their gains is best known as ______.
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Rational choice theory
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“The higher the dropout rate in a school, the higher the percentage of school students who are using drugs” is an example of ______.
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Hypothesis
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A new study that uses a previous study’s research methods to answer the same research question is an example of?
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Replication
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Which of the following is NOT one of the evaluation criteria used to select good research questions?
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Generalizability
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Researchers may find unexpected patterns in data that may stimulate new ideas or theoretical approaches. They term these patterns as ______.
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Serendipitous findings
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The Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment (Sherman & Berk, 1984) is an example of which type of research?
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Evaluation
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Inductive research begins with which element of the research circle?
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Specific data
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What is the direction of association in the following hypothesis: As education increases, ethnic prejudice tends to decrease?
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Negative
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What is the dependent variable in the following statement: Arresting a batterer tends to reduce recidivism?
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Recidivism
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What two types of research are most likely to be deductive?
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Evaluation and explanatory
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A book-length study that provides great details about a research question, much like an extended scholarly journal article is known as a______.
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Monograph
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Why conduct a literature review?
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All of these
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Which four major stages are represented in the research circle?
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A literature review should mainly draw from ______.
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Refereed journal articles
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When the independent variable increases and the dependent variable decreases, the direction of association is negative.
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True
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Exploratory research is often designed using an inductive approach.
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True
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Magazine and newspaper articles are relevant sources of information and should be used in a scholarly literature review.
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False
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A literature review should focus mainly on scholarly research articles.
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True
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A social research question should be limited by our ability to conduct a study within the time and given resources available to the researcher.
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True
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A characteristic or property that can vary is called
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Variable
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The state that exists when statements or conclusions about empirical reality are _______ is called Validity
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Correct
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A logically interrelated set of propositions about empirical reality is called
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Theory
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A literature review that “uses a specific and reproducible method to identify, select and appraise studies of a previously agreed level of quality that are relevant to a particular question” is called
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Systematic Review
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A _______ theory that focuses on the symbolic nature of social interaction—how social interaction conveys meaning and promotes socialization in symbolic interaction theory
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Social
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A question about the social world that is answered through the collection and analysis of firsthand, verifiable, empirical data is called ____________ question.
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Social Research
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Unexpected patterns in data, which stimulate new explanations, insights, or theoretical approaches is called serendipitous _________
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Findings
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A set of beliefs that guide scientific work in an area, including unquestioned presuppositions, accepted theories, and exemplary research findings is called
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Scientific Paradigm
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Exists when a conclusion based on a sample, or subset, of a larger population holds true for that population is called sample generalizability
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True
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A diagram of the elements of the research process, including theories, hypotheses, data collection, and data analysis is called
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Research circle
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Repetitions of a study using the same research methods to answer the same research question is called
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Replications
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Rational choice theory describes a social theory that explains individual action with the principle that actors choose actions that maximize their gains from taking that action.
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True
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Procedural justice theory describes a ________ theory that predicts that people will obey the law from a sense of obligation that flows from seeing legal authorities as moral and legitimate.
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Social
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Normal Science describes the gradual, incremental research conducted by scientists within the prevailing ________ paradigm.
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Scientific
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Exists when a measure measures what we think it measures is called measurement validity
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True
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The type of research in which general conclusions are drawn from specific data is called
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Inductive Research
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A variable that is hypothesized to cause, or lead to, variation in another variable is called
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Independent variable
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A tentative statement about empirical reality, involving a relationship between two or more _______ is called hypothesis
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Variables
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Exists when a conclusion holds true for the population, group, setting, or event that we say it does, given the conditions that we specify is called
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Generalizability
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Functionalism is a _____theory that explains social patterns in terms of their consequences for society as a whole and that emphasizes the interdependence of social institutions and their common Interest in maintaining the social order.
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Social
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A statement that describes patterns found in data is called _________ generalization
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Empirical
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Direction of association describe the pattern in a relationship between two variables—the values of variables tend to change consistently in relation to change on the other variable.
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True
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__________ variable that is hypothesized to vary depending on, or under the influence of, another variable.
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Dependent
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The type of research in which a specific expectation is deduced from a general premise and is then tested is called
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Deductive Research
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Causal validity exists when a conclusion that A leads to or results in B is correct.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Cross-population generalizability exists when findings about one group, population, or setting hold true for other groups, populations, or settings.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Conflict theory is a _______theory that identifies conflict between social groups as the primary force in society; understanding the bases and consequences of the conflict is key to understanding social processes.
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Correct Answer:
Social
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Casual validity exists when a conclusion that A leads to or results in B is correct
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Correct Answer:
True
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When the understanding of a social process or social setting is one that reflects fairly the various perspectives of participants in that setting is called
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Correct Answer:
Authenticity
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