Which of the following does NOT reduce the risk of illogical reasoning?
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Correct Answer:
Sticking with your first instinct that comes to mind while collecting data.
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The UCLA Center for Communication Policy (2003) study found all of the following about the Internet, EXCEPT ______.
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The Internet is a useful tool for resolving workplace social problems
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Qualitative research methods are used most commonly in which type of research?
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Correct Answer:
Exploratory
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Quantitative methods generally present findings as ______.
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Percentages and other statistics
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The everyday error that involves unjustifiably concluding that what is true for some cases is true for all cases is called ______.
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Overgeneralization
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What research type seeks to determine the effects of programs or policies?
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Evaluation
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Which of the following is NOT an important element in the scientific approach?
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Correct Answer:
Values.
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The belief that there is an empirical reality, but that our understanding of it is limited by its complexity and by the biases and limitations of researchers is known as ______.
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Postpositivism
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The belief that there is a reality apart from our own perception of it, and that it can be understood through observation is known as ______.
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Positivism
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The effort to figure out what the world is like and why it works the way it does is the goal of ______.
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Basic science
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Claims presented so that they appear scientific even though they lack supporting evidence and plausibility are known as ______.
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Pseudoscience
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Explanatory research ______.
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Correct Answer:
Identifies causes and effects of social phenomena
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Errors in everyday observations and reasoning include all of the following EXCEPT ______.
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Correct Answer:
Testing hypotheses
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The everyday error that involves prematurely jumping to conclusions or arguing on the basis of invalid assumptions is called ______.
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Correct Answer:
Illogical reasoning
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An inaccurate observation is the same error in everyday reasoning as selective observation.
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Correct Answer:
False
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Choosing to look only at things that are in line with our preferences or beliefs is the everyday error of selective observation.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Stating a clear definition of the population of interest for any study will increase the researchers’ ability to draw conclusions from their data so that they can be generalized to other groups.
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Correct Answer:
False
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Social scientists must be careful that their personal biases do not influence research conclusions.
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Correct Answer:
True
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In conducting exploratory research, an individual wants to identify causes and effects of given social phenomena as well as predict how one phenomenon may change or vary in response to another.
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Correct Answer:
False
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Studies of the impact of Internet usage on social interaction have produced mixed results. Some studies indicate a positive impact while some studies indicate a negative impact.
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Correct Answer:
True
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________ Science explains the scientific methods to investigate individuals, societies, and social processes; the knowledge produced by these investigations.
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Social
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Choosing to look only at things that are in line with our preferences or beliefs is called ________ observation.
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Selective
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A set of logical, systematic, documented methods for investigating nature and natural processes; the knowledge produced by these investigations is called
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Science
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Resistance to change explains the reluctance to change our ideas in light of new information.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Methods such as surveys and experiments that record variation in social life in terms of categories that vary in amount is called
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Quantitative Methods
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Methods such as participant observation, intensive interviewing, and focus groups that are designed to capture social life as participants experience it rather than in categories predetermined by the researcher. These methods rely on written or spoken words or observations is called
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Correct Answer:
Qualitative Methods
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Claims presented so that they appear scientific even though they lack supporting evidence and plausibility is called
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Correct Answer:
Pseudoscience
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A philosophical view that modifies the positivist premise of an external, objective reality by recognizing its complexity, the limitations of human observers, and therefore the impossibility of developing is called
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Postpositivism
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The belief, shared by most scientists, that there is a reality that exists quite apart from our own perception of it, that it can be understood through observation is called
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Positivism
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When we unjustifiably conclude that what is true for some cases is true for all cases is called
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Overgeneralization
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Agreement between scientists about the nature of reality; often upheld as a more reasonable goal for science than certainty about an objective reality is called _______ Agreement.
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Intersubjective
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Interpretivism describes the belief that the subjective meanings people give to their experiences are a key focus for social science research without assuming that social processes
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Correct Answer:
True
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An observation based on faulty perceptions of empirical reality is called
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Correct Answer:
Inaccurate Observation
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When we prematurely jump to conclusions or argue on the basis of invalid assumptions is called
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Illogical Reasoning
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Research that seeks to find out how people get along in the setting under question, what meanings they give to their actions, and what issues concern them is called ________ Research.
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Correct Answer:
Exploratory
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_______ Research that seeks to identify causes and effects of social phenomena and to predict how one phenomenon will change or vary in response to variation in some other phenomenon.
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Explanatory
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Research that describes or identifies the impact of social policies and programs is called ______ research
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Correct Answer:
Evaluation
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Research in which social phenomena are defined and described is called _______ Research.
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Correct Answer:
Applied
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Basic Science explains the research conducted using the scientific method and having the goal of figuring out what the world is like and why it works as it does.
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Correct Answer:
True
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__________ Research conducted using the scientific method and addressing immediate, practical concerns, such as determining whether One program or policy has a more desirable impact than another.
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Correct Answer:
Applied
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