A value or case that lies a great distance from the cluster of values or cases in a univariate distribution is known as a/an ______.
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Outlier
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For the set of numbers: 4, 6, 7, 6, 2, 3, 4, 6, 2, 5 what is the mean?
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4.5
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To test for spuriousness, add which of the following to a bivariate crosstabs ______.
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Correct Answer:
Extraneous variable
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In the following distribution of the variable semesters completed, which of the following numbers is the range: 2, 3, 1, 0, 3, 3, 1, 0, 3, 2
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Correct Answer:
4
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Which of the following data displays represent data not as bars, but as connected points in a single line?
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Correct Answer:
Frequency polygon
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The extent to which cases are spread out through the distribution or clustered in just one location is known as the distribution’s ______.
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Variability
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Statistics that describe the distribution of and relationship among variables are known as ______.
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Descriptive statistics
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Which of the following measures how close a regression line fits data points on a scatterplot?
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Pearson’s r
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A compressed frequency display could be indicated by which of the following ______.
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Elimination of unnecessary percentages
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Typically in a cross-tabulation, the columns represent categories of the dependent variable.
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False
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The mean is the most appropriate measure of central tendency for normally distributed interval and ratio variables.
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True
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If the regression coefficient is zero, there is no linear relationship between the variables under study.
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True
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Because the mean is a weighted measure of central tendency, it is affected by the skewness of a variable’s distribution.
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True
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A bar chart contains solid bars separated by spaces.
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True
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Qualitative and quantitative methods are used in sequence and are given equal priority is called
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Research program with mixed methods
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____ statistic that measures the variability of a distribution as the average squared deviation of each case from the mean.
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Variance
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The extent to which cases are spread out through the distribution or clustered in just one location is called
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Variability
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A distribution of a variable in which there is only one value that is the most frequent is called
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Unimodal
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____ describing the relationship between two variables within the discrete categories of one or more other control variables.
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Subtables
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The mathematical likelihood that an association is due to chance, judged by a criterion set by the analyst (often that the probability is less than 5 out of 100 or p < .05) is statistical significanse
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True
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The square root of the average squared deviation of each case from the mean is called
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Standard deviation
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____ type of relationship involving three or more variables in which the association between the independent and dependent variables varies across the categories of one or more other control variables.
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Specification
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The extent to which cases are clustered more at one or the other end of the distribution of a quantitative variable rather than in a symmetric pattern around its center is called
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Skewness
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____ statistical technique for characterizing the pattern of a relationship between two quantitative variables in terms of a linear equation
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Regression analysis
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The true upper limit in a distribution minus the true lower limit (or the highest rounded value minus the lowest rounded value, plus one) is called
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Range
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The points in a distribution corresponding to the first 25% of the cases, the first 50% of the cases, and the first 75% of the cases is called
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Quartiles
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The most frequent value in a distribution is also termed the probability average.
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True
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The process through which a questionnaire or other survey form is prepared so that a number represents every response choice, and respondents are instructed to indicate their response to a question by checking a number is called
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Precoding
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Relative frequencies, computed by dividing the frequency of cases in a particular category by the total number of cases and then multiplying by 100 is called
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Percentages
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____ An exceptionally high or low value in a distribution.
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Outlier
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Normal distribution is A symmetric, bell-shaped distribution that results from chance variation around a central value.
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True
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____ A pattern of association in which the value of cases on one variable increases or decreases fairly regularly across the categories of another variable.
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Monotonic
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The most frequent value in a distribution; also termed the probability average is called
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Mode
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The quantitative analysis of findings from multiple studies is meta analysis
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True
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The position average, or the point that divides a distribution in half (the 50th percentile) is called
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Median
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A type of descriptive statistic that summarizes the strength of an association is measure of association
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True
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___ is the arithmetic, or weighted, average, computed by adding the value of all the cases and dividing by the total number of cases.
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Correct Answer:
Mean
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The summary distributions in the margins of a cross-tabulation that correspond to the frequency distribution of the row variable and of the column variable is marginal distribution
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Correct Answer:
True
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The summary distributions in the margins of a cross-tabulation that correspond to the frequency distribution of the row variable and of the column variable is interquartile range
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True
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____ graphic for quantitative variables in which the variable’s distribution is displayed with adjacent bars.
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Histogram
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A measure of association that is sometimes used in cross-tabular analysis is called
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Gamma
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___ polygon is a graphic for quantitative variables in which a continuous line connects data points representing the variable’s distribution.
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Frequency
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A numerical display showing the number of cases, and usually the percentage of cases (the relative frequencies), corresponding to each value or group of values of a variable is ____ distribution
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Correct Answer:
Frequency
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The process of introducing a third variable into an analysis to better understand—to elaborate—the bivariate (two variable) relationship under consideration Is elaboration analysis
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Correct Answer:
True
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A standardized measure of association—often the difference between the mean of the experimental group and the mean of the control group on the dependent variable, adjusted for the average variability in the two groups is effect size
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Correct Answer:
True
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Statistics used to describe the distribution of and relationship between _______ Is called Descriptive statistics.
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Correct Answer:
Variables
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The process of typing (word processing) or otherwise transferring data on surveys or other instruments into a computer file is called data
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Entry
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The process of checking data for errors after the data has been entered in a computer file is called data __________.
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Cleaning
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Any pattern of association between two quantitative variables that does not involve a regular increase or decrease is called
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Curvilinear
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A summary statistic that varies from 0 to 1 or −1, with 0 indicating the absence of a linear relationship between two quantitative variables and 1 or −1 indicating that the relationship is completely described by the line representing the regression of the dependent variable on the independent variable is called _____________ coefficient
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Co-relational
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Correlational analysis explains A statistical technique that summarizes the strength of a relationship between _______ quantitative variables in terms of its adherence to a linear pattern.
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Correct Answer:
Two
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In the simplest case, a bivariate (two-variable) distribution, showing the distribution of one variable for each category of another variable; can be elaborated using_______ or more variables is called Cross-tabulation.
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Correct Answer:
Three
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Compressed frequency display explains a table that presents cross-classification data efficiently by eliminating unnecessary percentages, such as the percentage corresponding to the second value of a dichotomous variable.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Combined frequency display explains A table that presents together the distributions for a set of conceptually similar variables having the same response categories; common headings are used for the responses.
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Correct Answer:
True
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The process of assigning a unique numerical code to each response to survey questions is called
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Correct Answer:
Coding
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Chi-square describes an inferential statistic used to test hypotheses about relationships between _____ or more variables in a cross-tabulation.
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Correct Answer:
Two
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The most common value (for variables measured at the nominal level) or the value around which cases tend to center (for a quantitative variable) is called central tendency
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Correct Answer:
True
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A distribution that has two nonadjacent categories with about the same number of cases, and these categories have more cases than any others is called
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Correct Answer:
Bimodal
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The total number of cases in a distribution is called ______ number.
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Correct Answer:
Base
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A graphic for ________variables in which the variable’s distribution is displayed with solid bars separated by spaces.
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Correct Answer:
Qualitative
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