Five Qualitative Approaches to Research Inquiry MCQ
Cross Case Analysis applies to_____
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Collective case study
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Within Case Analysis applies to_____
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Both
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In Context of the Case the setting is _____
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Both a and b
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Analysis of themes is also known as_____
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Development of issues
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In Embedded Analysis the researcher selects multiple analytic aspects of the case for presentation.
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False
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In Holistic Analysis the researcher examines the entire case and presents _____ and assertions related to the whole case.
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All of these
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Purposeful Sampling applies to _____
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Both a and b
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Collective Case Study includes _____ case study.
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Both a and c
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This is a type of case study with the focus of the study on the case because it holds intrinsic or unusual interest (Stake, 1995)._____ is a type of case study with the focus of the study on the case.
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Intrinsic Case Study
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Instrumental Case Study is a type of case study with the focus on the case rather than on a specific issue.
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False
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Assertions is the last step in the analysis, where the researcher makes sense of the data and provides an interpretation of the data couched in terms of _____
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All of these
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When a site is selected for the case, it might be located at a single geographical location it is called_____
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Within-Site
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When a site is selected for the case, it might be located at _____ geographical location it is called multisite.
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Different
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_____ would be called categorical aggregations in case study.
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Case Theme
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_____ is the first step in analysis of data in a qualitative case study.
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Both a and b
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One aspect that characterizes good case study research is the use of many different sources of information to provide “depth” to the case.
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True
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The Bounded System refers to the case selected for study that has boundaries, often bounded by _____
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Both band c
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_____ can be called a Case.
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Any of these
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Holistic might include the group’s history,_____ and environment.
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All of these
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The final product of ethnography is _____
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Cultural Portrait
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Etic refers to the type of information being reported and written into an ethnography when the researcher reports_____
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His personal views
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When the researcher reports his or her own personal views, the term used is Emic.
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False
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Description of the Culture-Sharing Group is one of the first tasks of an ethnographer is to simply record a description of the culture-sharing group and incidents and activities that illustrate the culture.
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True
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Analysis of the Culture-Sharing Group is the process of _____ of the data.
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Both a and b
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Key Informants are individuals with whom the researcher begins in data collection because they are_____
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All of these
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Gatekeeper refers to the individual the researcher must avoid before entering a group or cultural site.
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False
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_____ approach involves the researcher as an “objective” observer, recording the facts and narrating the study with a dispassionate, omniscient stance.
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Realist Ethnography
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Critical Ethnography examines cultural systems of _____ and authority in society.
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All of these
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Fieldwork involves a prolonged period of time with varying degrees of immersion in_____ and settings of the cultural group.
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All of these
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The ethnographic researcher becomes Immersed in the field through a prolonged stay, often as long as _____
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1 year
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In Participant Observation the ethnographer gathers information in many ways, but the primary approach is _____
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Both a and b
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Behaviours are the focus of attention for the ethnographer as he or she attempts to understand what people _____
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Do
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Culture-Sharing Group is the unit of analysis for the ethnographer as he or she attempts to understand and interpret the_____
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All of these
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Language is the focus of attention for the ethnographer as he or she discerns what people _____
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Say
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Discriminant Sampling occurs _____
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After a researcher develops a model
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Substantive Level Theory evolves from the study of a phenomenon situated in_____
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One particular situational context
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_____ is the particular set of conditions within which the strategies occur.
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Context
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Central Phenomenon is an aspect of axial coding and the formation of the_____
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All of these
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Logic Diagram is drawn with _____ indicating the process or flow of activities.
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Both a and b
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Properties appear in_____analysis.
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Open Coding
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In Saturation the inquirer can still find new information that adds to an understanding of the category.
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False
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Conditional or Consequential Matrix enables the researcher to both _____ levels of conditions and consequences specified in the axial coding mode.
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Both b and c
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_____ might be social, economic, and political forces that influence the strategies in response to the central phenomenon.
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Intervening Conditions
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_____ are the categories of conditions in database that cause or influence the central phenomenon to occur.
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Causal Conditions
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In Open Coding researchers try to develop a small number of categories, slowly reducing the number to approximately _____ codes that are then combined into major themes in the study.
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30
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Constant Comparative refers to the researcher identifying incidents, events, and activities and constantly comparing them to an emerging category to develop and saturate the category.
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True
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Theoretical Sampling starts with a heterogeneous sample of individuals.
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False
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Propositions are written from _____
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Both a and b
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Selective Coding is the _____ phase of coding the information.
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Final
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The purpose of Axial Coding is to identify _____
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All of these
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Category is a unit of information analyzed in grounded theory research which comprises_____of phenomenon.
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All of these
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Memoing refers to the written records of analysis that help with the formulation of _____
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Theory
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_____ is a form of grounded theory squarely in the interpretive tradition of qualitative research.
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Constructivist Grounded Theory
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In Discover a Theory researchers might begin with a tentative theory they want to modify or no theory at all with the intent of “grounding” the study in views of participants.
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True
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In Grounded Theory Study, the researcher generates an abstract analytical schema of a phenomenon, a theory that explains_____
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All of these
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Essential, Invariant Structure is the goal of the phenomenologist, to reduce the _____meanings of experiences to a brief description that typifies the experiences of all of the participants in a study.
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Both
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In Cluster Of Meaning the researcher clusters the statements into themes or meaning units including overlapping and repetitive statements.
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False
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The second step in the phenomenological data analysis, in which the researcher lists every significant statement relevant to the topic and gives it equal value is known as_____
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Horizontalization
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Phenomenological Data Analysis includes_____
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All of these
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Structural Description includes_____
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All of these
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Textural Description is from the _____ steps in phenomenological data analysis.
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First three
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In Transcendental Phenomenology, the researcher relies on_____
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All of these
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The first step in “phenomenological reduction,” the process of data analysis in which the researcher sets aside, all preconceived experiences to best understand the experiences of participants in the study is known as_____
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Both a and b
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A form of phenomenology in which research is oriented toward interpreting the “texts” of life and lived experiences is known as_____
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Hermeneutical Phenomenology
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Phenomenological Reflection involves the process of _____
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Both a and b
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According to Intentionality of Consciousness “Being conscious of objects always is intentional.”
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True
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Which statement is true about Philosophical Perspective?
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All are correct
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Phenomenology of Practice describes the _____ of meaning-giving methods of phenomenology.
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Both a and b
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Lived Experiences is used in phenomenological studies to emphasize the importance of individual experiences of people as conscious human beings.
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True
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Epiphanies are the turning points that can be_____
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Both a and b
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Historical context may be the participant’s family, society, or _____ trend of the participant’s times.
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All of these
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Culture can be seen in _____
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All of these
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Artifacts is the focus of attention for the ethnographer as he or she determines what people_____
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Both b and c
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In Oral History,information is collected through _____
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Both
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Autoethnography refers to multiple layers of consciousness,including _____ in social contexts, the subversion of dominant discourses, and the evocative potential.
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All of these
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In Life History,the individual being studied is alive, and life as lived in the present is influenced by _____ histories.
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All of these
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Consequences are the outcomes of strategies taken by participants in the study. These outcomes are_____
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Any of these
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In axial coding, _____ are the specific actions or interactions that occur as a result of the central phenomenon.
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Strategies
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Stories are aspects that surface during an interview in which the participant describes a situation, usually with a _____
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All of these
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_____ are individual’s life or key events that become the focus for the biographer.
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Life Course Stages
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Phenomenon is the central concept being examined by the_____
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Phenomenologist
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Case Study Research involves the study of a case within _____ context.
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Both a and b
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The Ethnographer listens and records the voices of informants with the intent of generating a _____ portrait.
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Cultural
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In research, a Single Individual may be a person whose life is a _____
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Any of these
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Research Problem is discussed as_____
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Both
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Research Focus leads to the researcher narrowing the focus for the_____
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Both a and b
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Structure is a theme or concept about the social–cultural system or group that the ethnographer attempts to learn.
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True
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_____ is the study of stories or narrative or descriptions of a series of events that accounts for human experiences.
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Correct Answer:
Narrative Research
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