Journalism MCQ Questions Answers

1. Developed in the 1950s, the magazine program featured _____.

2. Corporate ______ are rules and regulations that govern the corporation's internal management.

3. An example of the last stage of the critical process might be _____.

4. Brief quotes and short characterizations of the days events in news coverage are called ________.

5. The journalistic value of ______ represents a nostalgia for the old-fashioned rural community.

6. In a process called _____, close friends reinforce deviant behavior through talk and interaction.

7. Changing sex roles have created a more _____ family structure.

8. The primary advantage of illustrations is _____.

9. Social journalism or citizen journalism ________.

10. Learners retain _______ by teaching others or by another immediate use of the learning.

11. What federal agency is the primary regulator of cable television and broadcast radio and television?

12. The Supreme Court has ruled that the interest of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in promoting a healthy lifestyle allows the FDA unfettered power to regulate food and alcohol ads.

13. The Federal Trade Commission encourages companies to track children’s online behavior to enable advertisers to tailor advertising appropriately to a young audience.

14. The commercial speech doctrine provides advertising with at least as much First Amendment protection as any other kind of speech.

15. The application of the Central Hudson test, both before and after the Sorrell, has produced consistent court rulings.

16. The Federal Trade Commission’s authority is exclusively corrective. It has no power to do anything to help prevent false and misleading advertising.

17. In reviewing commercial speech cases, lower courts ______.

18. The Federal Trade Commission determines deception in advertising by examining whether an ad claim ______.

19. When government uses regulation to alter the flow of information to the public and shift consumption patterns, the Supreme Court has said the government's goal is ______.

20. When the Federal Trade Commission has an administrative court order to stop an advertiser from making a particular claim, it is called a ______.

21. Disclosure and substantiation are ______.

22. Native advertising is a form of advertising that ______.

23. Which Supreme Court ruling established the test to be used to determine whether government regulation of advertising violated the First Amendment?

24. The FTC views "word-of-mouth" advertising as ______.

25. The most accurate way to describe the trend in First Amendment protection for advertising over the past century is that protection has ______.

26. Fanciful marks are the most distinctive of the trademark categories.

27. A trademark and a copyright protect the same rights.

28. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that companies enabling people to download copyrighted music from the Internet likely are violating federal copyright laws.

29. The fair use factor usually carrying the most weight is the impact of the unauthorized use on the market for the copyrighted work.

30. The 1976 Copyright Act protects unpublished and published works.

31. Before a work’s creator may sue for copyright infringement, he or she ______.

32. Federal laws and court rulings ______.

33. The U.S. Constitution ______.

34. Fair use is ______.

35. Kim, a journalist during the day, writes a novel at night. Kim’s copyright on the novel will last ______.

36. In the absence of a contract saying otherwise, the copyright for a news story written by a reporter regularly employed by a TV station belongs to ______.

37. Sam writes a short story. As soon as the story comes out of Sam’s printer, it is ______.

38. Which of the following may be protected by copyright?

39. A work is copyrighted when it is ______.

40. The United States ______.

41. The safe harbor policy is a Federal Communications Commission (FCC) policy designating 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. as a time when broadcast radio and TV stations may air indecent material without violating federal law or FCC regulations.

42. According to the Miller test, an assessment of whether the material appeals to prurient interests must be based on conclusions drawn by an average person, not a child or a particularly sensitive person.

43. The First Amendment protects against the government seizing non-obscene books owned by a person convicted of selling obscene material.

44. Showing minors in sexual situations will likely be found to be variable obscenity.

45. The First Amendment protects using swear words in the print media and movies.

46. KWAK-FM moves the Sordid-Chuckles show to 1 a.m.–5 a.m. Now, the station ______.

47. Assume the FCC adopts a definition of indecency the courts find constitutional. Then Suzy Sordid and Chucky Chuckles are hosts on a program airing from 6 a.m.–10 a.m. on KWAK-FM. Chucky often discusses sexual themes that are not quite obscene, but close. The station ______.

48. As part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, Congress adopted a law making it illegal to transmit indecent material to minors over the internet. The Supreme Court ______.

49. Rulings by the courts and the FCC about indecent material on broadcast stations are attempts to balance ______.

50. If a film using adults as the actors contains serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value, the work ______.

51. Variable obscenity is a term for material that ______.

52. The Miller v. California obscenity definition ______.

53. Regarding obscenity, indecency, and the Internet, the U.S. Supreme Court has ______.

54. The U.S. Supreme Court held that the internet has full First Amendment protection.

55. Cable TV regulation is shared between the U.S. Congress and local or state governments.

56. An FCC license is required to operate any broadcast station in the United States.

57. Section 315 of the Communications Act of 1934 requires broadcast stations and cable systems to make equal opportunities available to legally qualified candidates for the same political office.

58. The legislation currently regulating broadcast radio and television in the United States is the Radio Act of 1912.

59. The legislation currently regulating broadcast radio and television in the United States is the Radio Act of 1912.

60. What is the satellite market modification rule?

61. The concept of net neutrality is that ______,

62. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Internet’s First Amendment status is most like that of ______.

63. Commercial limits during children’s programming ______.

64. Commercial broadcast TV stations are required to ______.

65. When did broadcast regulation begin to develop?

66. Channel 11’s general manager decides it is the station’s civic duty to interview candidates running for mayor. Channel 11 then runs a half-hour “Meet the Candidates” news interview program every Wednesday at 7 p.m. for five weeks before the general election. However, there are six candidates for mayor. The general manager decided not to invite George, the Purple Party candidate for mayor. George demands that Channel 11 gives him the same amount of time the other mayoral candidates had. The general manager must ______.

67. Section 315 of the Communications Act applies to ______.

68. The public interest is the standard for regulating ______.

69. The three components of the test established in the U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling in Branzburg v. Hayes are (1) possession, (2) no alternatives, and (3) relevance.

70. The right to an open public trial belongs to both the defendant and the public.

71. The U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Branzburg was a unanimous decision.

72. There is no general right of the public to challenge the closure of a court proceeding.

73. A majority of states have shield laws.

74. Electronic access to court records ______.

75. The Sixth Amendment right to a fair trial belongs ______.

76. The U.S. Supreme Court found that search warrants served on journalists ______.

77. The qualified First Amendment reporter’s privilege against revealing sources or other information is used in ______.

78. The majority of federal courts protect reporters from revealing information by ______.

79. In states that have adopted shield laws, a judge may ______.

80. A police officer comes into your newsroom with a valid search warrant. The warrant says the officer can search your desk and your computer files. You should ______.

81. The qualified First Amendment reporter’s privilege that sometimes allows a reporter to refuse to testify during court proceedings is based on ______.

82. A reporter for a daily paper tells Wally that she will not reveal his name if he gives her important information about a candidate running for governor. Wally gives the reporter the information, and she decides to include Wally’s name. Wally sues both the reporter and the newspaper. Wally likely will ______.

83. The Supreme Court has held that reporters may ______.

84. The concept of promissory estoppel holds that reporters may not be legally bound by promises of confidentiality they give to sources.

85. Journalists have a right to trespass on private property where a newsworthy event is occurring.

86. The law that governs the recording of conversations is uniform nationwide.

87. When invited by government officials to accompany them, journalists legally may enter private property without the consent of the property owner or resident.

88. The U.S. Supreme Court has clearly stated that there is First Amendment protection for newsgathering.

89. Which statement below is most accurate with regard to what the Food Lion case says about the newsgathering technique of using hidden cameras?

90. The Federal Privacy Act says personal information in federal government files can’t be released. FOIA says personal information can be released if an agency so chooses. How is this conflict resolved?

91. Open meetings laws often are referred to as ______.

92. Under the Freedom of Information Act, ______.

93. City police are on your public university campus investigating an attack against a student. The police tell everyone they must leave the area. You stay nearby without disturbing police activities to gather information for your story. The police arrest you. At your trial you ______.

94. Reporters’ access to documents and records held by governments in the United States, and to government meetings, is protected primarily by ______.

95. City, county, and state government documents are available to reporters ______.

96. FOIA exemptions ______.

97. When a journalist requests copies of documents through the Freedom of Information Act, the federal government ______.

98. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that, in general, the First Amendment ______.

99. Current federal and state privacy laws stringently protect American consumers and their data.

100. The USA PATRIOT Act allows the government to obtain information about anyone from public libraries, businesses, hospitals, and Internet service providers. The government only has to say the information is being sought for a terrorism investigation.