1. Is level of measurement the complexity of the mathematical means that can be used to express the relationship between a variable’s values. The nominal level of measurement, which is qualitative, has no mathematical interpretation; the quantitative levels of measurement (ordinal, interval, and ratio) are progressively more complex mathematically?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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2. Is conceptualization the process of specifying what we mean by a term. In deductive research, conceptualization helps to translate portions of an abstract theory into testable hypotheses involving specific variables. In inductive research, conceptualization is an important part of the process used to make sense of related observations?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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3. Is alternate-forms reliability a procedure for testing the reliability of responses to survey questions in which subjects’ answers are compared after the subjects have been asked slightly different versions of the questions or when randomly selected halves of the sample have been administered slightly different versions of the questions?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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4. _____ is known as measures that allow researchers to collect data about individuals or groups without their direct knowledge or participation.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Unobtrusive measures
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5. _____ is defined as a measurement showing that measures of a phenomenon at two points in time are highly correlated if the phenomenon has not changed or have changed only as much as the phenomenon itself.
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Correct Answer:
Test-retest reliability
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6. _____ is a careful method of observing phenomena.
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Correct Answer:
Systematic social observation (SSO)
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7. Is split-halves reliability reliability achieved when responses to the same questions by two randomly selected halves of a sample are about the same?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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8. _____ is known as a measure is reliable when it yields consistent scores or observations of a given phenomenon on different occasions. Reliability is a prerequisite for measurement validity.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Reliability
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9. _____ is defined as a measurement of a variable in which the numbers indicating a variable’s values represent fixed measuring units, and there is an absolute zero point.
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Correct Answer:
Ratio level of measurement
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10. _____ is the process of evaluating the reliability and validity of measures about individuals.
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Correct Answer:
Psychometrics
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11. Is ordinal level of measurement a measurement of a variable in which the numbers indicating a variable’s values specify only the order of the cases, permitting greater than and less than distinctions?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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12. _____ is known as the set of rules and operations used to find the value of cases on a variable.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Operational definition
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13. _____ is defined as the process of specifying the operations that will indicate the value of a variable for each case.
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Correct Answer:
Operationalization
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14. _____ is survey questions to which the respondent replies in his or her own words, either by writing or by talking.
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Correct Answer:
Open-ended questions
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15. Is nominal level of measurement variables whose values have no mathematical interpretation; they vary in kind or quality but not in amount?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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16. _____ is known as a variable’s attributes or values are mutually exclusive if every case can have only one attribute.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Mutually exclusive attributes
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17. _____ is defined as the type of validity that is achieved when a measure measures what it is presumed to measure.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Measurement validity
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18. _____ is consistency of ratings by an observer of an unchanging phenomenon at two or more points in time.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Intraobserver reliability
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19. Is interval-ratio level of measurement a measurement of a variable in which the numbers indicating the variable’s values represent fixed measurement units but there may be no absolute or fixed zero point?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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20. _____ is known as a measurement of a variable in which the numbers indicating a variable’s values represent fixed measurement units but have no absolute or fixed zero point.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Interval level of measurement
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21. _____ is defined as When similar measurements are obtained by different observers rating the same persons, events, or places.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Interobserver reliability
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22. _____ is an approach that calculates reliability based on the correlation among multiple items used to measure a single concept.
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Correct Answer:
Interitem reliability
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23. Is ntercoder reliability when the same codes are entered by different coders who are recording the same data?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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24. _____ is known as the question or other operation used to indicate the value of cases on a variable.
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Correct Answer:
Indicator
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25. _____ is defined as the sum or average of responses to a set of questions about a concept.
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Correct Answer:
Index
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26. _____ is the type of validity that exists when an inspection of the items used to measure a concept suggests that they are appropriate “on their face.”
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Correct Answer:
Face validity
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27. Is exhaustive attributes a variable’s attributes or values in which every case can be classified as having one attribute?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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28. _____ is known as the process of evaluating the reliability and validity of measures about organizations, neighborhoods, or other collective units. More broadly, the application of statistical models to test hypothesis in economics.
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Correct Answer:
Econometrics
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29. _____ is defined as a measure that classifies cases in distinct categories.
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Correct Answer:
Discrete measure
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30. _____ is a variable having only two values.
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Correct Answer:
Dichotomy
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31. Is cronbach’s alpha a statistic that measures the reliability of items in an index or scale?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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32. _____ is known as the type of validity that is established by comparing the scores obtained on the measure being validated to those obtained with a more direct or already validated measure of the same phenomenon (the criterion).
Answer
Correct Answer:
Criterion validity
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33. _____ is defined as a measure with numbers indicating the values of variables as points on a continuum.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Continuous measure
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34. _____ is the type of validity that establishes that a measure covers the full range of the concept’s meaning.
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Correct Answer:
Content validity
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35. Is construct validity the type of validity that is established by showing that a measure is related to other measures as specified in a theory?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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36. _____ is known as a mental image that summarizes a set of similar observations, feelings, or ideas.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Concept
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37. _____ is defined as survey questions providing preformulated response choices for the respondent to circle or check.
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38. Systematic social observation is a careful method of observing phenomena.
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Correct Answer:
True
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39. Variables that only have two values are often referred to as dichotomous.
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Correct Answer:
True
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40. Gender is a ratio measure.
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Correct Answer:
False
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41. An interval measure does not have an absolute, or fixed, zero point.
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Correct Answer:
True
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42. A discrete measure is the sum or average of responses to a set of questions about a concept.
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Correct Answer:
False
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43. It is important for measures to be both mutually exclusive and exhaustive.
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Correct Answer:
True
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44. Age is a nominal measure.
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Correct Answer:
False
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45. Traiangulation is the process of relying on mutiple methods to study the same research question.
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Correct Answer:
True
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46. Obtrusive measures are measures that allow researchers to collect data without the participants’ knowledge.
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Correct Answer:
False
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47. Close-ended questions can lessen confusion about the meaning of responses involving complex concepts.
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Correct Answer:
False
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48. Close-ended questions refer to questions that have a fixed set of choices.
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Correct Answer:
True
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49. Variables can be combined into a single indicator.
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Correct Answer:
True
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50. Conceptualization is the process of defining what is measured, how it is measured, and the rules used to assign and interpret a value on the measure.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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51. Operationalization is the process of specifying what we mean by a term.
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Correct Answer:
False
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52. Concepts are mental images that summarize a set of similar observations.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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Criminology And Criminal Justice (Research) MCQs | Topic-wise
