_____ is defined as the sampling or probability distribution for chi-square tests.
Answer
Correct Answer:
χ2 distribution
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_____ is when the obtained value of a test statistic exceeds the critical value and the null is rejected.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Statistical significance
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Is statistical independence the condition in which two variables are not related to one another; that is, knowing what class persons or objects fall into on the independent variable does not help predict which class they will fall into on the dependent variable?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as the condition in which two variables are related to one another; that is, knowing what class persons/objects fall into on the independent variable helps predict which class they will fall into on the dependent variable.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Statistical dependence
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_____ is defined as an asymmetric measure of association for χ2 when the variables are nominal. Somers’ d ranges from –1.00 to +1.00.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Somers’ d
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_____ is known as a symmetric measure of association for chi-square with nominal variables and a 2 × 2 table. Identical to Cramer’s V.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Phi
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_____ is defined as the class of statistical tests used when dependent variables are continuous and normally distributed and the sampling distribution can be assumed to approximate normality.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Parametric statistics
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_____ is in SPSS output, the probability associated with the obtained value of the test statistic. When p < α, the null hypothesis is rejected.
Answer
Correct Answer:
P value
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Is obtained value the value of the test statistic arrived at using the mathematical formulas specific to a particular test. The obtained value is the final product of Step 4 of a hypothesis test?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as the empirical results seen in a contingency table derived from sample data. Symbolized fo.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Observed frequencies
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_____ is defined as the class of statistical tests used when dependent variables are categorical and the sampling distribution cannot be assumed to approximate normality.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Nonparametric statistics
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_____ is procedures for determining the strength or magnitude of a relationship after a chi-square test has revealed a statistically significant association between two variables.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Measures of association
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Is measures of association procedures for determining the strength or magnitude of a relationship after a chi-square test has revealed a statistically significant association between two variables?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as an asymmetric measure of association for χ² when the variables are nominal. Lambda ranges from 0.00 to 1.00 and is a proportionate reduction in error measure.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Lambda
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_____ is defined as a symmetric measure of association for two ordinal variables when the number of rows and columns in the crosstabs table are unequal. Ranges from –1.00 to +1.00.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Kendall’s tauc
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_____ is a symmetric measure of association for two ordinal variables when the number of rows and columns in the crosstabs table are equal. Ranges from –1.00 to +1.00.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Kendall’s taub
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Is goodman and Kruskal’s gamma a symmetric measure of association used when both variables are ordinal or one is ordinal and the other is dichotomous. Ranges from –1.00 to +1.00?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as the theoretical results that would be seen if the null were true—that is, if the two variables were, in fact, unrelated. Symbolized fe.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Expected frequencies
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_____ is defined as a symmetric measure of association for χ² when the variables are nominal or when one is ordinal and the other is nominal. V ranges from 0.00 to 1.00 and indicates the strength of the relationship. Higher values represent stronger relationships. Identical to phi in 2 × 2 tables.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Cramer’s V
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_____ is the hypothesis-testing procedure appropriate when both the independent variable and the dependent variables are categorical.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Chi-square test of independence
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Expected frequencies are seen in which of the following circumstance?
Answer
Correct Answer:
When the null is true.
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What does the chi-square critical value depend on?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Degrees of freedom and alpha
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Which measure of association is used with nominal data?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Lambda and Cramer’s V
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In a chi-square test, what is the degrees of freedom based upon?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Crosstabs table
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Which of the following statistical curves is the chi-square most similar to?
Answer
Correct Answer:
T curve
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Which of the following statements is accurate when two variables are statistically independent?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Knowing one will not help predict the other.
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Which of the following is an asymmetrical ordinal measurement?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Somers’ d
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What do measures of association indicate?
Answer
Correct Answer:
The strength of the magnitude of a relationship
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Which of the following is true about the chi-square distribution?
Answer
Correct Answer:
It is bounded to the left at zero.
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Which of the following measures is an ordinal measures of association?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Gamma and Somers’ d
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Observed frequencies are the empirical values that appear in the crosstabs table.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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The null hypothesis is rejected if the critical value exceeds the obtained value.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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As the number of degrees of freedom increases the chi-square distribution becomes more normal.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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Two unrelated variables are considered statistically independent.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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The chi-square test is used with continuous variables.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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