_____ is known as facts and circumstances within officers’ knowledge, and of which they have reasonable trustworthy information, that would warrant a person of reasonable caution to believe that an offense has been or is being committed.
Answer
Correct Answer:
probable cause
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_____ is defined as an individual arrested for a misdemeanor.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Misdemeanant
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_____ is an informant may not be required to testify.
Answer
Correct Answer:
informant privilege
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Is fleeing-felon rule common law doctrine that police may use deadly force to apprehend a suspected felon who is fleeing the police?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as emergency circumstances justifying warrantless entry into the home.
Answer
Correct Answer:
exigent circumstances
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_____ is defined as warrantless entry by the police into the home to provide assistance to the individual.
Answer
Correct Answer:
emergency-aid doctrine
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_____ is notice to an individual to appear for trial at a later date.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Citation
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Is arrest warrant a judicial finding that there is probable cause to attack an individual?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as police custody of an individual based on probable cause that he or she committed a crime.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Arrest
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_____ is defined as an affidavit must detail the informant’s credibility and basis of knowledge.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Aguilar-Spinelli test
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_____ is a sworn statement setting forth facts constituting probable cause that an individual has committed a criminal offense.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Affidavit
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Is affiant an individual who swears to a warrant?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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The Supreme Court has held that if an officer has probable cause to believe that an individual has committed even a minor offense in his or her presence, he or she may arrest the offender without violating the Fourth Amendment.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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When analyzing an officer’s allegedly excessive use of nondeadly force, which is not a factor to be considered?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Criminal history
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The common law fleeing-felon rule authorizes the police to use deadly force to apprehend a felon who is fleeing from the police.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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Sarah was pulled over on the highway by an officer who suspected her of driving under the influence. The officer requested she submit to the appropriate testing to determine her blood alcohol content, but Sarah refuse The officer, afraid that the alcohol in the bloodstream would begin to dissipate, conducted a blood test without a warrant despite Sara’s protest. The officer was not required to obtain a warrant because the dissipation of alcohol in the bloodstream constitutes exigent circumstances.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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Which is not an example of exigent circumstances?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Habitual offender
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Amber is enjoying a nice road trip across the southwestern United States. After a long day of driving, she stops at a hotel just outside of Palm Springs, C She gets settled in her room and orders room service. Twenty minutes later, there is a knock at the door. Thinking it is her room service, she gets up and walks toward the door. Before she gets to the door, the police kick the door in and place her under arrest. They did not obtain a warrant because they believed the hotel was a public place. Amber believes she had a privacy interest in the hotel room she paid for. If Amber challenges this, which party is likely to win?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Amber
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Warrants may be overturned on the basis of substantive irregularity only; procedural irregularity is irrelevant.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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A warrant was issued for the arrest of Jane. The affidavit used to obtain the warrant contained false statements knowingly made by the affiant. May the warrant be overturned on this basis?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Yes, providing the affiant knew the information was false.
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Some jurisdictions consider a totality of the circumstances approach in considering whether probable cause exists to obtain a warrant.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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The Aguilar-Spinelli test has two prongs: veracity and basis-of-knowledge. As long as only one prong is satisfied, the informant’s information can be relied upon to obtain a warrant.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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Probable cause can never be based on hearsay or second hand information.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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Shane has a modest criminal recor He was more than willing to admit that he previously had contact with law enforcement, but he had long since left the criminal lifestyle behin He was driving down the 101 highway and noticed a squad car behind him. The officer ran the plate and knew that Shane had been in trouble before, so he stopped him based on his past criminal recor The officer arrested him based on the fact he had been arrested and convicted multiple times in the past. A criminal record of any sort typically constitutes probable cause for arrest.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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Probable cause requires that a police officer subjectively concludes, based on reasonably reliable facts, that a crime has been committed, and the person being arrested has committed the crime.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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After the officers took Lebron to the station, he was taken inside and placed in a small room. He was never told that he was under arrest or being held for questioning, nonetheless he believed that he was under arrest based on the circumstances. Lebron cannot be under arrest without a formal statement from an officer stating so.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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Lebron was approached as he was walking down the street by two police officers. He was taken to the police station for questioning related to a homicide. His possessions were inventoried upon arrival, and he was subject to an interrogation. What type of stop has taken place?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Custodial arrest
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