Criminological Theories (Biological and Psychological) MCQ
_____ is the theory that males who possess an extra Y chromosome are more prone to violence.
Answer
Correct Answer:
XYY syndrome
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Is somatotypes body types as described by Sheldon: endomorphs, mesomorphs, and ectomorphs?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as the belief that there is a survival of the fittest in society.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Social Darwinism
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_____ is defined as a personality disorder in which, due to inadequate childhood socialization, an individual never develops a full range of adult personality.
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_____ is attempts to measure personality.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Psychometry
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Is psychological positivism a group of theoretical approaches that look to the personality as the cause of criminal activity?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as a scientific or quantitative approach to criminology that searches for pathology, uses the scientific method, and suggests therapy.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Positivism
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_____ is defined as a pseudoscience that measures facial and other body characteristics and their relationship to personality.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Physiognomy
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_____ is lombroso’s theory that criminals could be denoted on the basis of their facial appearance.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Physical stigmata
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Is phrenology the pseudoscience that claims to determine personality and intelligence on the basis of the size and shape of a person’s skull?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as a pseudoscience that claims to be able to read personality characteristics on the basis of lines on the palm of the hand.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Palmistry
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_____ is defined as the earliest insanity ruling, sometimes called the right/wrong test.
Answer
Correct Answer:
NGRI (not guilty by reason of insanity) defense
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_____ is an attempt to examine whether crime is inherited (nature) or learned (nurture).
Answer
Correct Answer:
Nature versus nurture controversy
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Is monozygotic concordance similar behavior in identical twins?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as the surgical removal of the frontal lobes of the brain.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Lobotomy
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_____ is defined as how genes interact with environmental features to create outcomes.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Gene-environment interaction
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_____ is the belief by Goring that criminals were mentally defective.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Feeblemindedness
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Is epigenetics biological mechanisms that affect gene expression?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as theory that holds that males have a greater interest in mating and little interest in child rearing and use illegitimate means to maximize their offspring.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Cheater theory
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_____ is defined as theories that propose that crime is caused by inherited genetic and other biological causes.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Biological positivism
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_____ is the use of a system of rewards and punishments in order to modify or engineer behavior.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Behavioral modification
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Is atavism the belief that criminals represent genetic “throwbacks to the ape” or earlier, more primitive humanity?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as the pseudoscientific belief that astrological signs such as configurations of the planets or stars influence human behavior.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Astrology
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Atavism is a combination of the work of Darwin and Lombroso.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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The Durham test states that the defendant ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Act was caused by his or her mental illness
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The M’Naghten rule states that the defendant ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Didn’t know what he or she was doing was wrong
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Which of the following somatotypes have soft, round, plump physiques, and tend to be relaxed and easygoing?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Endomorphs
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William Sheldon’s work was instrumental in attributing physical types to various forms of criminality. What was the name he gave for his research on physical types?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Somatotypes
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In his study of the Jukes, Robert Dugdale found ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Criminality is inherited
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Freud’s view of the human personality consisted of all of the following parts except ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
IQ
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Which of the following was not identified as a biological construct that is also considered as a strong predictor of crime?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Class
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Aggressiveness is often associated with serotonin and dopamine abnormalities
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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IQ is as good a predictor of criminality as race or social class.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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Which of the following were NOT identified as critiques of biological positivism?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Large and appropriate sample sizes
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Which idea suggests that the shape of a person’s skull will determine if he or she will engage in crime?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Phrenology
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Findings from twin studies contend that there is some biological basis to crime.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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Psychometry is the field that seeks to ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Measure psychological/mental differences between criminals and non-criminals
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There is no difference between biological positivism and psychological positivism.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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