Is representative sample a sample that looks like the population from which it was selected in all respects that are potentially relevant to the study. The distribution of characteristics among the elements of a representative sample is the same as the distribution of those characteristics among the total population. In an unrepresentative sample, some characteristics are overrepresented or underrepresented, and sampling error emerges?
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Correct Answer:
True
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Is random sampling error differences between the population and the sample that are due only to chance factors (random error), not to systematic sampling error. Random sampling error may or may not result in an unrepresentative sample. The magnitude of sampling error from chance factors can be estimated statistically?
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Correct Answer:
True
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Is probability of selection the likelihood that an element will be selected from the population for inclusion in the sample. In a census of all the elements of a population, the probability that any particular element will be selected is 1.0, because everyone will be selected. If half the elements in the population are sampled on the basis of chance (say, by tossing a coin), the probability of selection for each element is one half, or .5. When the size of the sample as a proportion of the population decreases, so does the probability of selection?
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Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is defined as a set of elements larger than or different from the population sampled and to which the researcher would like to generalize study findings.
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Correct Answer:
Target population
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_____ is a method of sampling in which sample elements are selected from a list or from sequential files, with every nth element being selected after the first element is selected randomly within the first interval.
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Correct Answer:
Systematic random sampling
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Is systematic bias overrepresentation or underrepresentation of some population characteristics in a sample resulting from the method used to select the sample; a sample shaped by systematic sampling error is a biased sample?
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Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as a method of sampling in which sample elements are selected separately from population strata that are identified in advance by the researcher.
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Correct Answer:
Stratified random sampling
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_____ is defined as a method of sampling in which sample elements are selected as they are identified by successive informants or interviewees.
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Correct Answer:
Snowball sampling
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_____ is a method of sampling in which every sample element is selected only on the basis of chance through a random process.
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Correct Answer:
Simple random sampling
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Is sampling units the units actually selected in each stage of sampling?
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Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as the number of cases between one sampled case and the next in a systematic random sample.
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Correct Answer:
Sampling interval
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_____ is defined as a list of the elements of a population from which a sample actually is selected.
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Correct Answer:
Sampling frame
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_____ is any difference between the characteristics of a sample and the characteristics of the population from which it was drawn. The larger the sampling error, the less representative the sample is of the population.
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Correct Answer:
Sampling error
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Is sampling distribution a theoretical distribution of the value of a statistic (i.e., mean) from an infinite number of same-size samples?
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Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as the value of a statistic, such as a mean, computed from sample data.
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Correct Answer:
Sample statistic
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_____ is defined as a subset of elements from the larger population.
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Correct Answer:
Sample
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_____ is a method of sampling in which sample elements are returned to the sampling frame after being selected so they may be sampled again. Random samples may be selected with or without replacement.
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Correct Answer:
Replacement sampling
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Is random selection the fundamental element of probability samples; the essential characteristic of random selection is that every element of the population has a known and independent chance of being selected into the sample?
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Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as a table containing lists of numbers that are ordered solely on the basis of chance; it is used for drawing a random sample.
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Correct Answer:
Random number table
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_____ is defined as the random dialing by a machine of numbers within designated phone prefixes, which creates a random sample for phone surveys.
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Correct Answer:
Random digit dialing (RDD)
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_____ is a nonprobability sampling method in which elements are selected to ensure that the sample represents certain characteristics in proportion to their prevalence in the population.
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Correct Answer:
Quota sampling
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Is purposive sampling a nonprobability sampling method in which elements are selected for a purpose, usually because of their unique position. Sometimes referred to as judgment sampling?
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Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as sampling methods in which elements are selected from strata in exact proportion to their representation in the population.
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Correct Answer:
Proportionate stratified sampling
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_____ is defined as sampling methods that rely on a random, or chance, selection method so that the probability of selection of population elements is known.
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Correct Answer:
Probability sampling methods
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_____ is the value of a statistic, such as a mean, computed using the data for the entire population; a sample statistic is an estimate of a population parameter.
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Correct Answer:
Population parameter
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Is population the entire set of elements (e.g., individuals, cities, states, countries, prisons, schools) in which we are interested?
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Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as a sequence of elements (in a list to be sampled) that varies in some regular, periodic pattern.
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Correct Answer:
Periodicity
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_____ is defined as a symmetric distribution shaped like a bell and centered around the population mean, with the number of cases tapering off in a predictable pattern on both sides of the mean.
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Correct Answer:
Normal distribution
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_____ is people or other entities who do not participate in a study although they are selected for the sample.
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Correct Answer:
Nonresponse
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Is nonprobability sampling methods sampling methods in which the probability of selection of population elements is unknown?
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Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as sampling in which elements are selected in two or more stages, with the first stage being the random selection of naturally occurring clusters and the last stage being the random selection of multilevel elements within clusters.
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Correct Answer:
Multistage cluster sampling
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_____ is defined as mathematical tools for estimating how likely it is that a statistical result based on data from a random sample is representative of the population from which the sample is assumed to have been selected.
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Correct Answer:
Inferential statistics
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_____ is units that contain one or more elements and that are listed in a sampling frame.
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Correct Answer:
Enumeration units
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Is elements the individual members of the population whose characteristics are to be measured?
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Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as sampling in which elements are selected from strata in different proportions from those that appear in the population.
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_____ is defined as the upper and lower bounds around an estimate of a population parameter based on a sample statistic. The confidence limits show how much confidence can be placed in the estimate.
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Correct Answer:
Confidence limits
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_____ is the range defined by the confidence limits for a sample statistic.
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Correct Answer:
Confidence interval
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Is cluster a naturally occurring, mixed aggregate of elements of the population?
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Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as research in which information is obtained through the responses that all available members of an entire population give to questions.
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Correct Answer:
Census
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_____ is defined as sampling in which elements are selected on the basis of convenience.
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Correct Answer:
Availability sampling
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A skewed distribution is a distribution shaped like a bell and centered around the population mean, with the number of cases tapering off in a predictable pattern on both sides of the mean.
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Correct Answer:
False
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Snowball sampling is a probability-based sampling method.
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Correct Answer:
False
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Availability sampling is a sampling method that relies on the selection of a sample that is convenient to find.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Multistage cluster sampling is a sampling method in which elements are selected in two or more stages.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Systematic random sampling involves the use of a random number table.
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Correct Answer:
False
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The smaller the sample, the more confidence we can have in the sample’s representativeness of the population from which it was drawn.
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Correct Answer:
False
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When a sample is randomly selected from the population, every element has a known and independent chance of being selected into the sample.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Nonprobability sampling is a sampling method where the probability of selection of population elements is known.
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Correct Answer:
False
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When researchers are interested in studying the entire population versus drawing a sample, they are conducting a census.
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Correct Answer:
True
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The smaller the sampling error, the less representative the sample is of the population from which it was drawn.
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Correct Answer:
False
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Cross-population generalizability refers to the ability to generalize from a sample, or subset, of a larger population to that population itself.
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Correct Answer:
False
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Research projects can include both primary and secondary sampling units.
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Correct Answer:
True
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The sampling unit is the list from which elements of the population are selected.
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Correct Answer:
False
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A sample is a subset of elements from the larger population you are interested in when doing research.
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Correct Answer:
True
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A population refers to the entire subset of elements you are interested in when doing research.
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Correct Answer:
True
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