Ethical and Scientific Guidelines for Research MCQ
Is tuskegee syphilis experiment u.S. Public Health Service study of the natural course of syphilis that followed 399 low-income African American men from the 1930s to 1972, without providing them with penicillin after it was discovered to be effective in treating the illness. The study was stopped after it was exposed in 1972, resulting in an out-of-court settlement and then, in 1997, an official public apology by President Bill Clinton?
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True
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Is academy of Criminal Justice Sciences (ACJS) Code of Ethics the Code of Ethics of ACJS sets forth (1) General Principles and (2) Ethical Standards that underlie academy members’ professional responsibilities and conduct, along with (3) the Policies and Procedures for enforcing those principles and standards. Membership in the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences commits individual members to adhere to the ACJS Code of Ethics in determining ethical behavior in the context of their everyday professional activities?
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True
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_____ is experiments by Stanley Milgram that sought to identify the conditions under which ordinary citizens would be obedient to authority figures’ instructions to inflict pain on others.
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Stanley Milgram’s experiments on obedience to authority
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Is respect for persons treating persons as autonomous agents and protecting those with diminished autonomy?
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True
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_____ is known as national Institute of Justice document that protects researchers from being legally required to disclose confidential information.
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Privacy Certificate
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_____ is defined as a two-week experiment that simulated the prison life of both prisoners and guards that was ended in six days because of what the simulation was doing to college students who participated.
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Philip Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiment
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_____ is the international military tribunal held by the victorious Allies after World War II in Nuremberg, Germany, that exposed the horrific medical experiments conducted by Nazi doctors and others in the name of science.
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Nuremberg War Crime Trials
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Is justice (in research) distributing benefits and risks of research fairly?
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True
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_____ is known as a group of organizational and community representatives required by federal law to review the ethical issues in all proposed research that is federally funded, involves human subjects, or has any potential for harm to human subjects.
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Institutional review board (IRB)
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_____ is defined as federal regulations established in 1991 that are based on the principles of the Belmont Report.
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Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects (Common Rule)
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_____ is used in social experiments to create more realistic treatments in which the true purpose of the research is not disclosed to participants, often within the confines of a laboratory.
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Deception
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Is debriefing a researcher’s informing subjects after an experiment about the experiment’s purposes and methods and evaluating subjects’ personal reactions to the experiment?
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True
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_____ is known as national Institutes of Health document that protects researchers from being legally required to disclose confidential information.
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Certificate of confidentiality
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_____ is defined as minimizing possible harms and maximizing benefits.
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Beneficence
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_____ is a 1979 National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research report that established three basic ethical principles for the protection of human subjects, including respect for persons, beneficence, and justice.
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Belmont report
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Children cannot legally provide their own consent to participate in the study.
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True
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Prisoners and children are considered special populations in research.
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True
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The institutional review board (IRB) is responsible for reviewing research proposals involving humna subjects.
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True
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When considering doing a research project, it is important that the risks outweigh the benefits.
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False
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A Certificate of Confidentiality is a document that protects researchers from being legally required to disclose confidential information.
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True
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Deception occurs when subjects are misled about the research project and procedures.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Document review refers to the process where a researcher informs subjects after an experiment about the purpose of the experiment and evaluates their reactions to the experiment.
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False
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To be informed, consent must be given by the persons who are competent to consent, have consented voluntarily, are fully informed about the research, and have comprehended what they have been told.
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True
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Philip Zimbardo has criticized the Stanford Prison Experiment as being unethical because participants differ suffer considerable anguish.
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Correct Answer:
True
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The Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences does not have an established code of ethics.
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False
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The Belmont Report established three basic ethical principles for the protection of human subjects, including respect for persons, beneficence, and justice.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Beneficence refers to treating persons as autonomous agents and protecting those with diminished autonomy.
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Correct Answer:
False
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The Tuskegee Syphilis Study is infamous as it involved the researchers’ witholding an effective treatment from subjects for their illness.
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Correct Answer:
True
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The Nuremberg War Crime Trials exposed the horrific experiments that were conducted during the Vietnam War.
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False
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Stanley Milgram is most known for the Stanford Prison Experiment.
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Correct Answer:
False
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