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Basic Object Oriented Programming (OOP) MCQ

1. What are the four principles of object-oriented programming?

Manipulation, encapsulation, inheritance, and dependency inversion

Dependency inversion, open/closed principle, encapsulation, and inheritance

Interface segregation, abstraction, dependency inversion, and inheritance

Abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism

Answer

Correct Answer: Abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

2. What parameters are required to be passed to a class constructor?Here they haven't mentioned any specific language so let's consider all languages.

Reference to subclass // References to subclass are never required as you can simply Initialize subclass & use their object.

Reference to base class // References to the base class are not required in Java, Javascript & Python

Reference to this pointer // While Python & Javascript may require passing this or self in the constructor, It is not passed in Java constructor.

None // Above 3 are incorrect so

Answer

Correct Answer: None // Above 3 are incorrect so

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3. What is the difference between an interface and an abstract class?

Interfaces can contain code or data. Abstract classes do not contain code or data. A class can inherit from more than one abstract class but can only implement one interface

Interfaces can contain code or data. Abstract classes do not contain code or data. A class can inherit from only one abstract class but can implement an unlimited number of interface

Abstract classes can contain code or data. Interface do not contain code or data. A class can inherit from only one abstract class but can implement an unlimited number of interfaces

Abstract classes can contain code or data. Interface do not contain code or data. A class can inherit from more than one abstract class but can only implement one interface

Answer

Correct Answer: Abstract classes can contain code or data. Interface do not contain code or data. A class can inherit from only one abstract class but can implement an unlimited number of interfaces

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4. What is the difference between early binding and late binding?

Early binding is when a variable is assigned a value when a scope is created. Late binding is when a variable is assigned a value after a scope is exited

Early binding is when a variable is assigned a value when the program starts. Late binding is when a variable is assigned after the program is running

There is no difference. In both cases, variables are assigned values when a program has completed startup and is running

Early binding is when a variable is assigned its value at compile time. Late binding is when a variable is assigned a value at run time

Answer

Correct Answer: Early binding is when a variable is assigned its value at compile time. Late binding is when a variable is assigned a value at run time

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5. How does dynamic typing complicate troubleshooting?

It can be difficult to identify variables that are incorrectly typed

The dynamic variables can assume only limited values

Storage is fixed for dynamic variables

Static variables are more flexible than dynamic variables

Answer

Correct Answer: It can be difficult to identify variables that are incorrectly typed

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6. What does a concrete class not have?

Parents

Pure virtual functions

Attributes

Purposes

Answer

Correct Answer: Pure virtual functions

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7. Static polymorphism uses method _ ?

Overloading

Inheritance

Abstraction

Overriding

Answer

Correct Answer: Overloading

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8. In the context of OOP, what is composition?

Composition is the act of one object passing to another object an operation to be performed on behalf of the initial object.

Composition is a part/hole relationship where an object is composed of one or more other objects, each of which is considered a part of the whole.

Composition is a binding where the class/name association is not made until the object designated by the name is created at execution time

Composition is a process of collecting classes that provide a set of services for a particular domain

Answer

Correct Answer: Composition is a part/hole relationship where an object is composed of one or more other objects, each of which is considered a part of the whole.

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9. An instance of which type of class cannot be created?

Protected class

Base class

Anonymous class

Abstract class

Answer

Correct Answer: Abstract class

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10. What is the function of a finalizer or destructor?

To relinquish resources that are no longer needed

To delete a variable name

To reset an attribute value

To hold space, even after an object is no longer being used

Answer

Correct Answer: To relinquish resources that are no longer needed

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11. Which choice is not an OOP language?

Java

Python

Answer

Correct Answer: C

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12. What is the purpose of the finally block?

To always run the finally block of code when the try block exits

To run code when an exception has not occurred

To run the block if an exception occurred

To run code whenever garbage collection requires it

Answer

Correct Answer: To always run the finally block of code when the try block exits

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13. What is the main idea behind separation of concerns?

All of these answers

Applications are decomposed into parts

Parts are defined with minimal overlap

Each part is responsible for a separate concern

Answer

Correct Answer: All of these answers

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14. Assume single inheritance is used with classes A and B while A is the base class. Then assume classes C, D, and E, where C is a base class and D is derived from C, then E is derived from D. Class C is made to inherit from class B. Which type of inheritance is reflected?

Multilevel

Hybrid

Single level

Multiple

Answer

Correct Answer: Multilevel

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15. Methods and attributes that define an object are a kind of blueprint called what?

A collection

A variable

A class

A procedure

Answer

Correct Answer: A class

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16. What is the scope of a class nested inside another class?

Protected scope

Private scope

Global scope

Answer

Correct Answer: Global scope

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17. What is the difference between a parameter and an argument?

An argument can have many values while a parameter can have only one value.

An argument is the variable used for input values in a method. A parameter is the specific input value passed to the method.

A parameter is a variable in the declaration of a function. An argument is the value of this variable that gets passed to the function.

Parameters and arguments are the same

Answer

Correct Answer: A parameter is a variable in the declaration of a function. An argument is the value of this variable that gets passed to the function.

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18. What does the value (0.5,0.5,0.5) indicate in the class diagram specification position: Coordinate = (0.5,0.5,0.5)?

A default value of the Coordinate attribute

The size of the position array

An increment of the position attribute value

A default value of the position attribute

Answer

Correct Answer: A default value of the position attribute

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19. What is the best example of a superclass and subclass relationship?

Car:toyota

Ducks:pond

Toes:feet

Rock:stone

Answer

Correct Answer: Car:toyota

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20. Are you required to return an object if it was passed by reference to a function, and why or why not?

Yes, the caller function needs to reflect the changes.

No, you should use a global variable instead.

No, changes will be automatically reflected in the calling function.

Yes, the object must be the same in the caller function.

Answer

Correct Answer: No, changes will be automatically reflected in the calling function.

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21. Which type of function can be used for polymorphism?

Virtual function

Inline function

Undefined function

Private function

Answer

Correct Answer: Virtual function

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22. _ describes an aggregation

A class of resources

A group of methods

A collection of objects

A list of children

Answer

Correct Answer: A collection of objects

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23. There are five classes. Class E is derived from class D, D from C, C from B, and B from A. Which class constructor(s) will be called first if the object of E or D is created?

C and B

Answer

Correct Answer: A

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24. What defines the catch block most accurately?

The catch block that will be executed is the one that best matches the type of exception thrown.

Multiple catch blocks can never be associated with a single try block.

Multiple catch blocks are mandatory for each try block.

Multiple catch blocks will all be executed in the case of an exception.

Answer

Correct Answer: The catch block that will be executed is the one that best matches the type of exception thrown.

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25. What is a copy constructor?

It is a unique constructor for creating a new object as a copy of an object that already exists. There will always be only one copy constructor that can be either defined by the user or the system.

It is a constructor that duplicates itself when requested on demand.

It is a common constructor for preventing the creation of a new object as a copy of an object that already exists. There will always be multiple standard constructors that can be either defined by the user or the system.

It is a constructor that duplicates itself on its own, based on memory available.

Answer

Correct Answer: It is a unique constructor for creating a new object as a copy of an object that already exists. There will always be only one copy constructor that can be either defined by the user or the system.

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26. Why would you override a method of a base class?

To define a method that must be implemented in a derived class

To define a custom implementation of an inherited member

To define a method that must be implemented in a superclass only

To define a class that can be inherited from

Answer

Correct Answer: To define a custom implementation of an inherited member

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27. The open/closed principle states that classes should be open for _ but closed for _.

Refactoring; duplication

Modification; duplication

Extension; modification

Reuse; encapsulation

Answer

Correct Answer: Extension; modification

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28. How do object behaviour and attributes differ?

Behaviour describe dynamic properties; attributes are static.

Attributes describe a state; behaviours describe a change.

Attributes apply only to a specified object; behaviour apply to other linked objects.

Behaviours are vector quantities; attributes are scalars.

Answer

Correct Answer: Attributes describe a state; behaviours describe a change.

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29. Why is unit testing harder in OOP than functional programming?

Objects may maintain internal state, which is not easily accessible by the tests.

The quality of unit testing frameworks for functional languages is better.

OOP promotes code reuse, which means that your tests have to consider more use cases.

Object-oriented languages tend to rely on frameworks such as Spring or Hibernate, which make them difficult to test.

Answer

Correct Answer: Objects may maintain internal state, which is not easily accessible by the tests.

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30. What is a reference to an object?

It is the address of variable only -- not the method of an object.

It is a shallow pointer that contains address of an object.

It is the physical address of an object.

It is the address where the variables and methods of an object are stored.

Answer

Correct Answer: It is the address where the variables and methods of an object are stored.

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31. Which of these keywords are access specifiers?

Abstract and public

Public and private

This and final

Final and abstract

Answer

Correct Answer: Public and private

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32. What is the relationship between abstraction and encapsulation?

Abstraction is about making relevant information visible, while encapsulation enables a programmer to implement the desired level of abstraction.

Abstraction and encapsulation are essentially the same.

Abstraction and encapsulation are unrelated.

Encapsulation is about making relevant information visible, while abstraction enables a programmer to implement the desired level of encapsulation.

Answer

Correct Answer: Abstraction is about making relevant information visible, while encapsulation enables a programmer to implement the desired level of abstraction.

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33. What type of inheritance may lead to the diamond problem?

Single level

Multilevel

Hierarchical

Multiple

Answer

Correct Answer: Multiple

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34. Can abstract classes be used in multilevel inheritance?

No, abstract classes can be used only in single-level inheritance since they must be immediately implemented.

Yes, always

Yes, but with only one abstract class

No, abstract classes do not have constructors.

Answer

Correct Answer: Yes, always

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35. What best describes what object-oriented programming does?

It focuses on objects that interact cleanly with one another.

It programs exclusively to interfaces.

It programs exclusively to classes.

It creates one class for all business logic.

Answer

Correct Answer: It focuses on objects that interact cleanly with one another.

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36. Which words in the following list are candidates for objects: trumpet, clean, enrage, leaf, tree, collapse, active, and lively?

Leaf and tree

Clean, enrage, and collapse

Clean, active, and lively

Leaf, tree, and trumpet

Answer

Correct Answer: Leaf, tree, and trumpet

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37. Which type of function among the following shows polymorphism?

Inline function

Undefined function

Virtual function

Class member function

Answer

Correct Answer: Virtual function

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38. In addition to attributes and behaviours, what quality must a class possess?

A name

A state

A color

An object

Answer

Correct Answer: A name

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39. Why is inheritance used when creating a new class?

To protect attributes from unwanted changes

To delegate coding responsibility more efficiently

To conserve memory

To avoid writing duplicate code

To separate class behavior from the more general

Answer

Correct Answer: To avoid writing duplicate code
To separate class behavior from the more general

Note: This question has more than 1 correct answers

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40. Which is false for a member function of a class?

Member functions can be defined only inside or outside the class body.

Member functions can be made to be friends of another class.

Member functions do not need to be declared inside the class definition.

All member functions need to be defined.

Answer

Correct Answer: Member functions do not need to be declared inside the class definition.

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41. What is the result of using more abstraction?

It can increase code vulnerability

It can make code unsafe

It can limit code readability

It can be safer for coding

Answer

Correct Answer: It can limit code readability

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42. Which statement about compositions and aggregations is true?

If one element of an aggregation is dereferenced, all its elements are eligible for garbage collection

If a composition dies, the contents die

The contents of a composition are all siblings

An aggregation contains only abstract classes

Answer

Correct Answer: If a composition dies, the contents die

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43. How are contents of a composition different from those of aggregation?

If one element of an aggregation is dereferenced, all its elements are eligible for garbage collection

If a composition dies, the contents die

The contents of a composition are all siblings

An aggregation contains only abstract classes

Answer

Correct Answer: If a composition dies, the contents die

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44. What are CRC Cards?

Code Responsibility Collection cards are a brainstorming tool used in the design of procedural software

Class Responsibility collaboration cards are a brainstorming tool used in the design of oop software

Code Responsibility Correction cards are tools used for debugging

Code Responsibility Correction cards are tools for modeling

Answer

Correct Answer: Class Responsibility collaboration cards are a brainstorming tool used in the design of oop software

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45. What is the purpose of static constructor?

To initialize all the members with static value

To delete the static members when not required

To initialize the static members of class

To clear all the static members' initialized values

Answer

Correct Answer: To initialize all the members with static value

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46. When and how often is a static constructor called?

It is called initially when an object is created and called with every new object instance.

It is called when an object is destroyed and only one time.

It is called initially when an object is created and only one time.

It is created at time when the object is discarded.

Answer

Correct Answer: It is called initially when an object is created and only one time.

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47. Why is code duplication so insidious?

The duplication uses unnecessary space.

One has to maintain all the duplicates.

Duplication can cause intellectual property concerns.

Duplication is easy to hide.

Answer

Correct Answer: One has to maintain all the duplicates.

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48. Which is NOT one of the basic types of inheritance?

Multilevel inheritance

Double inheritance

Single inheritance

Hierarchical inheritance

Answer

Correct Answer: Double inheritance

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49. Which class has the highest degree of abstraction in a multilevel inheritance relationship of five levels?

The class at the third level

The class at the first level

All have the same degree of abstraction.

The class at the second level

Answer

Correct Answer: The class at the first level

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50. What is a method?

A set of instructions designed to perform a frequently used operation within a program and return no values

The exact same thing as a function and subroutine

A set of variables that can change over time

A procedure associated with data and behaviour

Answer

Correct Answer: The exact same thing as a function and subroutine

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51. If an object is passed by reference, the changes made in the function are reflected _.

To the main object of the caller function, too

On the caller function object and also the called function object

On the copy of the object that is made during the pass

Only in the local scope of the called function

Answer

Correct Answer: To the main object of the caller function, too

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52. In multilevel inheritance, one class inherits how many classes?

One class only

Two classes

As many classes as required

At least two classes

Answer

Correct Answer: One class only

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53. What are the five Creational Design patterns by the Gang of Four ?

Observer, State, Strategy, Template Method, and Visitor.

Composite, Visitor, State, Prototype, and Singleton.

Composite, Builder, Factory Method, Prototype, and Singleton.

Abstract Factory, Builder, Factory Method, Prototype, and Singleton.

Answer

Correct Answer: Abstract Factory, Builder, Factory Method, Prototype, and Singleton.

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54. Two classes combine private data members and provide public member functions to access and manipulate those data members. Where is abstraction used?

Abstraction is using a private access specifier for the data members.

Abstraction is using public member functions to access and manipulate the data members.

Abstraction is using the class concept with both data members and member functions.

There is insufficient information to decide where abstraction is being used.

Answer

Correct Answer: Abstraction is using public member functions to access and manipulate the data members.

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55. A language that does not support polymorphism but supports classes is considered what?

An object-based language

A class-based language

A procedure-oriented language

If classes are supported, polymorphism will be supported

Answer

Correct Answer: An object-based language

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56. Which type of inheritance must be used so that the resultant is hybrid?

Multiple

Any type of inheritance

Multilevel

Hierarchical

Answer

Correct Answer: Multiple

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57. How are user stories different from use cases?

User Stories are shorter and less detailed.

User stories are more accurate.

User stories are more detailed and structured.

User storised are more anecdotal and personal.

Answer

Correct Answer: User Stories are shorter and less detailed.

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58. In context of OOP, what is association?

Association is a relationship where all objects have their own life cycle and there is no owner.

Association is the process where model elements cooperate to provide higher-level behavior.

Association is whole/part relationship where one object is composed of one or more other objects, each of which is considered a part of the whole.

Association is where all objects have their own life cycle, but there is ownerhip, and child objects can not belong to another parent object.

Answer

Correct Answer: Association is a relationship where all objects have their own life cycle and there is no owner.

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59. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using getters and setters?

Getters and setters can speed up compilation.

Getters and setters provide encapsulation of behavior.

Getters and setters provide a debugging point for when a property changes at runtime.

Getters and setters permit different access levels.

Answer

Correct Answer: Getters and setters can speed up compilation.

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60. Which statement is true?

A default parameter's constructor is not equivalent to the default constructor

A default constructor is inherited from a parent class

A default constructor can be called explicitly

A default constructor cannot be defined by the coder

Answer

Correct Answer: A default parameter's constructor is not equivalent to the default constructor

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61. Which type of inheritance ,when done continuously, is similar to a tree structure?

Multilevel

Hierarchical and multiple

Hierarchical

Multiple

Answer

Correct Answer: Hierarchical

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62. Why would you implement composition using an id instead of a reference?

It makes it easier to save the entity.

All of these answers

It can make the entity retrieval more efficient

It minimizes coupling.

Answer

Correct Answer: All of these answers

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63. Which two blocks are used to handle and check errors?

Do and check

Catching and trying

Try and catch

Do and while

Answer

Correct Answer: Try and catch

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64. F a local class is defined in a function, what is true for an object of that class?

The object can be accessed, declared, and used locally in that function.

The object must be declared inside any other function.

The object is temporarily accessible outside the function.

The object can call all the other class members anywhere in the program.

Answer

Correct Answer: The object can be accessed, declared, and used locally in that function.

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65. When is a constructor executed?

When an object is created from a class using the new keyword

When an class is defined using the class keyword

Every time an object is referenced

When an object is created from a class using the create keyword

Answer

Correct Answer: When an object is created from a class using the new keyword

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66. Which type of constructor cannot have a return type?

Default

Copy

Parameterized

Constructors do not have a return type

Answer

Correct Answer: Constructors do not have a return type

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67. Which code creates a new object from the Employee class?

Employee currentEmployee = Employee.Create();

Employee currentEmployee = new Employee();

Employee currentEmployee;

Employee currentEmployee = Employee.New();

Answer

Correct Answer: Employee currentEmployee = new Employee();

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68. What is an IS-A relationship?

It implies encapsulation.

A superclass object has an IS-A relationship with its subclass.

It implies a virtual method.

A subclass object has an IS-A relationship with its superclass or interface

Answer

Correct Answer: A subclass object has an IS-A relationship with its superclass or interface

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69. What is encapsulation?

Defining classes by focusing on what is important for a purpose

Hiding the data and implementation details within a class

Making all methods private

Using words to define classes

Answer

Correct Answer: Hiding the data and implementation details within a class

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70. What is the best reason to use a design pattern?

It will result in code that is more extensible and maintainable

It will result in a more compact product.

It will speed initial development.

It will allow you to add that design pattern to your resume.

Answer

Correct Answer: It will result in code that is more extensible and maintainable

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71. When does static binding happen?

Only when you export

Both at compile time and runtime

At compile time

At runtime

Answer

Correct Answer: At compile time

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72. Why would you create an abstract class, if it can have no real instances?

To avoid redundant coding in children

To explore a hypothetical class

To prevent unwanted method implementation

To reserve memory for an unspecified class type

Answer

Correct Answer: To avoid redundant coding in children

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73. For which case would the use of a static attribute be appropriate?

The number of people in each house in a small neighborhood

The lot size for each house in a small neighborhood

The color of each house in a small neighborhood

The weather conditions for each house in a small neighborhood

Answer

Correct Answer: The weather conditions for each house in a small neighborhood

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74. What is an example of dynamic binding?

Any method

Method overloading

Method overriding

Compiling

Answer

Correct Answer: Method overriding

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75. A(n) ____ is a variable that is used within a function.

Method

Property

Parameter

Operator

Answer

Correct Answer: Parameter

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76. A class and its members can be described graphically using a notation known as the ____ notation.

OON

OOD

UML

OOP

Answer

Correct Answer: UML

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77. In a sequence diagram, the _____ indicates when an object sends or receives a message.

Command line

Focus

Request link

Lifeline

Answer

Correct Answer: Request link

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78. In oop, you declare a class that extends another class. this is called ________.

Inheritance

Encapsulation

An Object

Raw type

Answer

Correct Answer: Inheritance

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79. A ____ method is also known as a help method.

Work

Public

Private

Set

Answer

Correct Answer: Work

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80. Class ________ represents an image that can be displayed on a jlabel.

ImageIcon

Icon

ImageLabel

None of the above

Answer

Correct Answer: ImageIcon

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81. By convention, a class diagram contains the ____ following each attribute or method.

Data type

Data field

Argument

Class

Answer

Correct Answer: Data type

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82. ________ members of a base class are never accessible to a derived class.

Public

Private

Protected

All of the above

Answer

Correct Answer: Private

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83. Protected members of a base class are like ________, but they may be accessed by derived classes.

Private members

Base class members

Public members

All of the above

Answer

Correct Answer: Private members

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84. The class constructor is called before the class constructor.

Base, derived

Derived, derived

Derived, base

Base, base

Answer

Correct Answer: Base, derived

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85. When an object of one class is a data field within another class, they are related by ____.

Composition

Extension

Is-a

Scope

Answer

Correct Answer: Composition

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86. Multiple inheritance is when a class has base classes.

Derived, two or more

Base; two or more

Derived; one

Base; one

Answer

Correct Answer: Derived, two or more

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