Basic Machine learning MCQ

1. An organisation that owns dozens of shopping malls wants to create a machine learning product that will use facial recognition to identify customers. What is the main challenge of developing such a model?

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2. When is a decision tree most commonly used?

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3. Which project might be best suited for supervised machine learning?

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4. What is the best definition for bias in your data model?

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5. What is ensemble modeling?

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6. K-means clustering is what type of machine learning algorithm?

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7. What is conditional probability?

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8. In supervised machine learning, data scientist often have the challenge of balancing between underfitting or overfitting their data model. They often have to adjust the training set to make better predictions. What is this balance called?

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9. You work for a startup that is trying to develop a software tool that will scan the internet for pictures of people using specific tools. The chief executive is very interested in using machine learning algorithms. What would you recommend as the best place to start?

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10. What is the difference between unstructured and structured data?

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11. Your data science team is often criticized for creating reports that are boring or too obvious. What could you do to help improve the team?

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12. What is one of the most effective way to correct for underfitting your model to the data?

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13. You are working with your machine learning algorithm on something called class predictor probability. What algorithm are you most likely using?

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14. In the 1983 movie WarGames, the computer learns how to master the game of chess by playing against itself. What machine learning method was the computer using?

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15. Your machine learning system is using labeled examples to try to predict future data, compare that data to the predicted result, and then the model. What is the best description of this machine learning method?

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16. The data in your model has low bias and low variance. How would you expect the data points to be grouped together on the diagram?

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17. What is Q-learning reinforcement learning?

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18. What is lazy learning?

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19. You want to create a machine learning algorithm to identify food recipes on the web. To do this, you create an algorithm that looks at different conditional probabilities. So if the post includes the word flour, it has a slightly stronger probability of being a recipe. If it contains both flour and sugar, it even more likely a recipe. What type of algorithm are you using?

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20. In statistics, what is defined as the probability of a hypothesis test of finding an effect - if there is an effect to be found?

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21. Which choice is the best example of labeled data?

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22. You need to select a machine learning process to run a distributed neural network on a mobile application. Which would you choose?

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23. You need to quickly label thousands of images to train a model. What should you do?

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24. You create a decision tree to show whether someone decides to go to the beach. There are three factors in this decision: rainy, overcast, and sunny. What are these three factors called?

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25. Which loss function would fit best in a categorical (discrete) supervised learning ?

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26. What is the main motivation for using activation functions in ANN?

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27. Which of the following methods can use either as an unsupervised learning or as a dimensionality reduction technique?

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28. The new dataset you have just scraped seems to exhibit lots of missing values. What action will help you minimizing that problem?

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29. The activations for class A, B and C before softmax were 10,8 and 3. The different in softmax values for class A and class B would be :

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30. (Mostly) whenever we see kernel visualizations online (or some other reference) we are actually seeing:

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31. You work for a website that helps match people up for lunch dates. The website boasts that it uses more than 500 predictors to find customers the perfect date, but many costumers complain that they get very few matches. What is a likely problem with your model?

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32. Asian user complains that your company's facial recognition model does not properly identify their facial expressions. What should you do?

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33. What does it mean to underfit your data model?

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34. ___ refers to a model that can neither model the training data nor generalize to new data.

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35. Compared to the variance of the Maximum Likelihood Estimate (MLE), the variance of the Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) estimate is ___

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36. The error function most suited for gradient descent using logistic regression is

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37. Suppose we would like to perform clustering on spatial data such as the geometrical locations of houses. We wish to produce clusters of many different sizes and shapes. Which of the following methods is the most appropriate?

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38. Which of the following is NOT supervised learning?

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39. The model will be trained with data in one single batch is known as ?

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40. Your data science team is working on a machine learning product that can act as an artificial opponent in video games. The team is using a machine learning algorithm that focuses on rewards: If the machine does some things well, then it improves the quality of the outcome. How would you describe this type of machine learning algorithm?

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41. You and your data science team have 1 TB of example data. What do you typically do with that data?

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42. Your supervisor asks you to create a machine learning system that will help your human resources department classify jobs applicants into well-defined groups. What type of system are you more likely to recommend?

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43. You work for a website that enables customers see all images of themselves on the internet by uploading one self-photo. Your data model uses 5 characteristics to match people to their foto: color, eye, gender, eyeglasses and facial hair. Your customers have been complaining that get tens of thousands of photos without them. What is the problem?

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44. Your data science team wants to use machine learning to better filter out spam messages. The team has gathered a database of 100,000 messages that have been identified as spam or not spam. If you are using supervised machine learning, what would you call this data set?

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45. Someone of your data science team recommends that you use decision trees, naive Bayes and K-nearest neighbor, all at the same time, on the same training data, and then average the results. What is this an example of?

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46. Naive Bayes looks at each _ predictor and creates a probability that belongs in each class.

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47. Many of the advances in machine learning have come from improved ___.

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48. You work for a hospital that is tracking the community spread of a virus. The hospital created a smartwatch application that uploads body temperature data from hundreds of thousands of participants. What is the best technique to analyze the data?

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49. The security company you work for is thinking about adding machine learning algorithms to their computer network threat detection appliance. What is one advantage of using machine learning?

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50. In 2015, Google created a machine learning system that could beat a human in the game of Go. This extremely complex game is thought to have more gameplay possibilities than there are atoms of the universe. The first version of the system won by observing hundreds of thousands of hours of human gameplay; the second version learned how to play by getting rewards while playing against itself. How would you describe this transition to different machine learning approaches?

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51. You work for a large pharmaceutical company whose data science team wants to use unsupervised learning machine algorithms to help discover new drugs. What is an advantage to this approach?

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52. In the HBO show Silicon Valley, one of the characters creates a mobile application called Not Hot Dog. It works by having the user take a photograph of food with their mobile device. Then the app says whether the food is a hot dog. To create the app, the software developer uploaded hundreds of thousands of pictures of hot dogs. How would you describe this type of machine learning?

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53. In K-nearest neighbor, the closer you are to neighbor, the more likely you are to

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54. Why is it important for machine learning algorithms to have access to high-quality data?

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55. With traditional programming, the programmer typically inputs commands. With machine learning, the programmer inputs

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56. Which choice is best for binary classification?

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57. Are data model bias and variance a challenge with unsupervised learning?

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58. You are using K-nearest neighbor and you have a K of 1. What are you likely to see when you train the model?

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59. You work for a large credit card processing company that wants to create targeted promotions for its customers. The data science team created a machine learning system that groups together customers who made similar purchases, and divides those customers based on customer loyalty. How would you describe this machine learning approach?

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60. Your machine learning system is attempting to describe a hidden structure from unlabeled data. How would you describe this machine learning method?

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61. Your data science team wants to use the K-nearest neighbor classification algorithm. Someone on your team wants to use a K of 25. What are the challenges of this approach?

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62. Your data science team must build a binary classifier, and the number one criterion is the fastest possible scoring at deployment. It may even be deployed in real time. Which technique will produce a model that will likely be fastest for the deployment team use to new cases?

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63. You created machine learning system that interacts with its environment and responds to errors and rewards. What type of machine learning system is it?

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64. Which statement about K-means clustering is true?

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65. Self-organizing maps are specialized neural network for which type of machine learning?

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66. Random forest is modified and improved version of which earlier technique?

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67. Your organization allows people to create online professional profiles. A key feature is the ability to create clusters of people who are professionally connected to one another. What type of machine learning method is used to create these clusters?

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68. Your company wants you to build an internal email text prediction model to speed up the time that employees spend writing emails. What should you do?

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69. You are working on a project that involves clustering together images of different dogs. You take image and identify it as your centroid image. What type machine learning algorithm are you using?

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70. You want to create a supervised machine learning system that identifies pictures of kittens on social media. To do this, you have collected more than 100,000 images of kittens. What is this collection of images called?

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71. What is stacking?

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72. Your university wants to use machine learning algorithms to help sort through incoming student applications. An administrator asks if the admissions decisions might be biased against any particular group, such as women. What would be the best answer?

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73. What is one reason not to use the same data for both your training set and your testing set?

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74. You work for an insurance company. Which machine learning project would add the most value for the company!

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75. How do machine learning algorithms make more precise predictions?

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76. How is machine learning related to artificial intelligence?

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77. Why is naive Bayes called naive?

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78. To predict a quantity value. use ___.

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79. You work for a power company that owns hundreds of thousands of electric meters. These meters are connected to the internet and transmit energy usage data in real-time. Your supervisor asks you to direct project to use machine learning to analyze this usage data. Why are machine learning algorithms ideal in this scenario?

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80. What is an example of a commercial application for a machine learning system?

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81. ____ looks at the relationship between predictors and your outcome.

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82. You work in a data science team that wants to improve the accuracy of its K-nearest neighbor result by running on top of a naive Bayes result. What is this an example of?

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83. You want to identify global weather patterns that may have been affected by climate change. To do so, you want to use machine learning algorithms to find patterns that would otherwise be imperceptible to a human meteorologist. What is the place to start?

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84. Your company wants to predict whether existing automotive insurance customers are more likely to buy homeowners insurance. It created a model to better predict the best customers contact about homeowners insurance, and the model had a low variance but high bias. What does that say about the data model?

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85. In traditional computer programming, you input commands. What do you input with machine learning?

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86. You work for a music streaming service and want to use supervised machine learning to classify music into different genres. Your service has collected thousands of songs in each genre, and you used this as your training data. Now you pull out a small random subset of all the songs in your service. What is this subset called?

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87. You work for an organization that sells a spam filtering service to large companies. Your organization wants to transition its product to use machine learning. It currently a list Of 250,00 keywords. If a message contains more than few of these keywords, then it is identified as spam. What would be one advantage of transitioning to machine learning?

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88. You are part of data science team that is working for a national fast-food chain. You create a simple report that shows trend: Customers who visit the store more often and buy smaller meals spend more than customers who visit less frequently and buy larger meals. What is the most likely diagram that your team created?

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89. Which of the following features or algorithms are supported by the Scikit—Learn tool?

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90. In relation to machine learning classif‌ication, which two of the following are the correct features of ID3 (Iterative Dischotomiser 3) algorithm?

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91. Which of the following solutions can be used for the noisy data classification problem of ID3 and C45 decision tree algorithm?

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92. The Amazon Machine Learning tool supports which of the following types of models?

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93. Which of the following are the advantages of the Naive Bayes algorithm used for classification?

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94. Which of the following statements are correct about the Gradient Boosting classif‌ication technique?

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95. In relation to machine learning, which of the following statements are correct about the TensorFIow library?

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96. Which of the following are the correct features of the Random Forest algorithm used for classif‌ication?

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97. In relation to machine learning classif‌ication algorithm, which of the following are the linear classif‌iers?

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98. Which of the following options are the advantages of K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classif‌ication technique?

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99. Which two of the following are the machine learning classification problems?

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100. Which of the following options are the machine learning tools for a command line interface?

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101. Which of the following options are the advantages of the Multilayer Perceptron?

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102. Which of the following statements are correct about the Shogun machine learning library?

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103. In relation to machine learning, which of the following options are the toolkits for working with human language data?

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104. APls are included for which of the following options in TensorFlow?

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105. Which of the following frameworks can be used for cross-platform solutions?

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106. In Convolutional Neural Networks, the input can be in which of the following formats?

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107. In relation to machine learning classif‌ication algorithm, which of the following options are used by the decision tree for constructing a decision tree?

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108. Which of the following are the correct features of the KNIME tool for machine learning?

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109. In machine learning, which of the following statements are correct about optical coherence tomography (OCT)?

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110. The LibLinear library is written in which of the following languages?

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111. Which two of the following statements are correct regarding classif‌ication, which is a machine learning technique?

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112. In relation to machine learning classif‌ication, which of the following are the correct features of the Stochastic Gradient Descent algorithm?

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113. Which of the following options are the correct features of the PyTorch framework?

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114. Which of the following types of artif‌icial neural networks is/ are best suited for mapping the image data to an output variable?

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115.

Which of the following classif‌ication techniques should be used for the given tasks?

1. Selection of question pools

2. Prediction of software defects

3. Analysis of coal logistics customer

4. Thrombosis collagen diseases

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116. Which of the following supervised learning algorithms is/are implemented by Apache Mahout?

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117. Which of the following classif‌ication algorithms should be used for the given scenario? The data is labeled and the number of samples is greater than 100k.

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118. In relation to SVM classification algorithm. which of the following options is used for the binary classification?

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119. In data mining, which of the following clustering methods reflects spatial distribution of the data points?

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120. Which of the following formulae is used for correctly calculating the accuracy of the classification algorithms?

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121. Which of the following interfaces is/are supported by Scikit—Learn tool?

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122. What is the FI-Score of Random Forest algorithm used for classification?

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123. What is the correct F1 score of the Random Forest algorithm of classif‌ication?

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124. Which of the following simulation model types contain(s)probability?

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125. Can decision trees over f‌it data?

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126.

Which of the following algorithms has the given applications?

1. Scene classification

2. Induction motors fault diagnosis

3. Analog circuit fault diagnosis

4. Corporate financial distress prediction

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127. Which of the following boosting algorithms uses the level-wise tree growth?

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128. With respect to multilayer neural network, what does the neurons in the hidden layer correspond to?

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129. In data mining, which of the following is NOT a data reduction technique?

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130.

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

Statement 1: In stochastic simulation environments, machine learning is performed by combining multiple transmutations.

Statement 2: Stochastic simulation is used for modelling a system whose operation can be directly captured by deterministic rules.

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131.

Find the output of the following code, when executed in MATLAB.

A = [8 4 7 5 3]

isinteger(A)

isf‌loat(A)

isvector(A)

isscalar(A)

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132. The EIasticNet regression technique:

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133.

Consider the following code to be executed in MATLAB.

m = roots([?., 8])

What will be the output?

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134.

Which Of the following statistical data mining techniques is used to predict a categorical response variable?

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135.

What will be the output of the following code, when executed in MATLAB?

z = [6 9 4 3 5]:

polyval(z,3)

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136.

In relation to machine learning classif‌ication, which of following options refers to the graphical model for probability associations between a set of variables?

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137.

What will be the output of the following code, when executed in MATLAB?

X = 45;

Y = 21;

Z = bitor(X, Y)

Z = bitxor(X, Y)

Z = bitshift(X,-3)

Z = bitshift(X,4)

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138.

In relation to classif‌ication in machine learning, which Of the following Options is the correct way for def‌ining the F1-Score?

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139.

A target in machine learning is known as alan:

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140.

In machine learning, random forests method is an example of which of the following feature selection methods?

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141. An artificial neuron device consists of how many inputs and outputs?

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142.

Which of the following are the applications of data mining?

(i)Science Exploration

(ii)Fraud Detection

(iii)Customer Retention

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143.

What will be the output of the following code, when executed in MATLAB?

Z=[8471;7196;6429]

Z(3:3,1:3)

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144.

Which of the following statements is true?

Statement 1: Reinforcement learning is an off-line technique.

Statement 2: The reinforcement learning technique is used in elevator scheduling.

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145.

Which of the following machine learning tools works with large data volume and supports text mining and image mining through plugins?

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146. The machine learning framework RapidMiner is written in which of the following programming languages?

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147. Which of the following is incorrect about the feedforward artificial neural network topology?

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148. Which of the following is incorrect about the feedback artif‌icial neural network?

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149.

Any layer that the user wants to use.

In agent-based simulation, which of the following Inferential Theory of Learning (ITL)operations is used to modify knowledge by narrowing the reference set of a description?

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150. In Multilayer Perceptrons, the predictions are made in which of the following layers?

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151. In relation to machine learning. the XGBoost works for which of the following options?

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152. Which of the following statements is incorrect about Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs)?

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153. Which of following is incorrect about modelica?

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154. Which of the following is incorrect about linear regression?

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155. In relation to machine learning framework, which of the following languages is used by Veles for performing automation and coordination between the nodes?

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156. Which of the following is an advantage in logistic regression?

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157.

In the knowledge discovery process, which of the following steps is involved in retrieving data, relevant to the analysis task, from the database?

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158.

In relation to K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN) algorithm, what effect does the small k value (neighborhood size) have on bias and variance?

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159. Which of the following types Of data analysis models is/are used to conclude continuous valued functions?

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160. Which of the following machine learning frameworks works at the higher level of abstraction?

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161. Which of the following machine learning tools provides API for the neural networks?

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162. Simple linear regression is characterized by how many independent variables?

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163.

Which of the following machine learning tools supports vector machines, dimensionality reduction, and online learning, etc.?

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164.

Which of the following methods is used to generate non-uniform random variates and uses multiple uniform [0,1] variables?

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165. Which of the following is NOT an example of bounded probability distribution?

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166. A multi-layer perceptron (MLP)is a:

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167. Which of the following is NOT a multi-class classif‌ier?

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168.

Which of the following tools is used for processing, analyzing and visualizing the large data sets and can provide native support for Apache Spark distributed computing?

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169. Which of the following defines the F-score measure to assess the quality of text retrieval?

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170.

In the SVM classif‌ication approach, which of the following options is used for solving the issue of the low-sparse SVM classifier?

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171.

Choose the answer to the following question from the options given in the image.

In machine learning, which of the given functions in the image is used to measure the size of vectors?