1. Veil of darkness is a methodological technique used to examine ______ profiling which compares stops at night to stops during the day.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Racial
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2. A police officer may stop and frisk a suspect if the police officer has a reasonable suspicion that the person has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a crime.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Terry v. Ohio (1968)
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3. The use of deadly force is prohibited unless it is necessary to prevent the escape of a fleeing felon and an officer has probable cause to believe that the suspect poses a significant threat of violence to the officer or the public.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Tennessee v. Garner (1985)
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4. ______ Factors unique to each police–citizen encounter that can influence discretion.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Both and c
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5. _______ factors unique to a police agency that can influence officer discretion.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Organizational
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6. Officer characteristics are personal characteristics that influence use of ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Discretion
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7. Detained criminal suspects, prior to police questioning, must be informed of their constitutional right to an attorney and against self-incrimination is called ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
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8. Evidence obtained in violation of the _______ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which prohibits “unreasonable searches and seizures,” is inadmissible in state courts.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Fourth
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9. Those stops in which police officers have little discretion not to stop a ______ are called low discretion stops.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Both a and b
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10. Implicit bias is attitudes and stereotypes that affect ______ in an unconscious manner.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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11. ______ is when discretion is shifted from one part of the criminal justice system to another.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Hydraulic effect
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12. High discretion stops that involve ______ infractions of the law.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Minor
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13. ______ factors that influence officer discretion from sources found outside of police agencies.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Environmental
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