Extreme high pressure causes an _____ to occur in which temperatures increase with height.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Mesosphere
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Wind erosion can cause __________, which can create shallow depressions called __________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Deflation; blowouts
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A ________ transforms a bay into a lagoon.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Baymouth bar
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Deep ocean trenches are the surface manifestations of ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Sinking of oceanic lithosphere into the mantle at a subduction zone
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Crevasses (deep fractures or cracks) form because ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
As the glacier moves over irregular topography, cracks can form anywhere in the glacier but they are called
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The distinction between joints and faults is that ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Faults are fractures along which displacement has occurred; displacement does not occur along joints
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In urban areas, an increase in impervious surfaces will cause ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
An increase in runoff
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In the winter, when water use is low, precipitation ________ evapotranspiration
Answer
Correct Answer:
Exceeds
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In terms of topography, the deepest soils are ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
On flat land
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Possibly the most cataclysmic event to occur in nature is ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Supernova.
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The deep- and intermediate waters in the __________ ocean are the oldest in the world ocean.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Atlantic
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The best modern technique for obtaining high resolution bathymetry of the seafloor is ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Multibeam bathymetry
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It is thought that submarine canyons on the continental slope have been generated by ________
Answer
Correct Answer:
Turbidity currents
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The columbia river plateau is an example of a ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Flood basalt
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Pink quartz and smoky quartz are different colors. they will both have the same _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Color streak.
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The famous destruction of the roman city of pompeii was produced by ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
A pyroclastic eruption from a composite volcano that buried the city in ash and smothered the people living there
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The energy behind the 1902 pyroclastic flow that destroyed st. pierre came from _________________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these choices are correct
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The energy exchanges between space, the atmosphere, and earths surface produce _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Weather and climate.
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Jet streams play a major role in the global transfer of heat by directing ____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Cold air equatorward
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In the tropical wet climate, precipitation is mainly ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Convective
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Orcas (killer whales) were determined to be ________________ of the otters.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Symbionts
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One trigger of mass movements is the pores in sediments filling with _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Water
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Permeable rock or sediment between the water table and the land surface represents a(n) ____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Unsaturated zone
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The evolution of the eohippus into the modern day horse is an example of _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Character change
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In the formation of igneous rocks, large crystal size is closely related to ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Slow cooling
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The colorado river has carved the grand canyon to a depth of __________ and length of __________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
1 mile; 277 miles
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In the 1906 san francisco earthquake, much of the damage was due to fires because ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Water lines were badly damage so that firemen could not put out the fires
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The dominant type of faulting in the great basin region is ______________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Normal faulting
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In terms of underground water, ________ is the most effective shaper of landforms.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Solution
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In order for an embayment to qualify as an estuary, it must have both _____ and _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Dilution; some degree of isolation
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In the df and dw climates, winter precipitation mainly originates from ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Midlatitude cyclones
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In mountainous areas of western north america, north-facing slopes would be expected to _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Support biological communities similar to those found at higher elevations on similar south-facing slopes
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Placer deposits form when _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Heavy eroded particles settle out of moving water hot,
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Plants consume water during photosynthesis. they also release it to the atmosphere during ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Transpiration
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The black hills of south dakota are a good example of a(n) ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Dome.
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Inselbergs are associated with ________ landscapes.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Loess
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The average number of storm-related deaths attributed to flooding from 1985 to 2014 was ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
83
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Relative to the celestial background, the moon moves ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
West to east
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Polar climates normally get ____________ amounts of precipitation.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Little to medium
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The experimentation step of scientific inquiry involves _______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Analysis
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The downdraft in an ordinary cell thunderstorm is created mainly by ____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Evaporating raindrops that make the air cold and heavy.
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The deepest drill core into the earth's crust is approximately ________ kilometers deep.
Answer
Correct Answer:
12
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P waves bend while traveling through earths core and then arrive at the shadow zone _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Several minutes later than expected
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Overland flow can concentrate in small grooves called ________, which can enlarge to form ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Rills; gullies
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One potential source of groundwater contamination would be ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
leaking septic tank.
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Precipitation of water on the land surface leads directly to ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
None of these
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Peridotite that undergoes partial melting will create a melt enriched in ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Iron, magnesium, feldspars, and silica
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The blanket of sediment on the sea floor is ___________ toward the ocean margins.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Very thin at the volcanic ridges and thickens
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The best time for an earthquake to occur to minimize loss of life is __________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
During the night when most people are home and asleep
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The difference between swamps and marshes is mainly one of ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Trees versus grassland
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The eon represented by abundant deposits of strata with shelly fossils is the ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Phanerozoic.
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The dense atmosphere of venus is ________, causing most incoming solar radiation to be _________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Light in color; reflected
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Prairie soils (mollisols) are _______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Poor in organic matter
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The land area situated between the cool zone and the warm zone is termed the ____________ zone.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Transition zone
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When a beta particle is emitted during radioactive decay, the atomic number of the isotope _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Increases by 1
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Velocity and turbulence are _____ at the __________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Greatest; outside of a meander
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The nuclear accident at chernobyl was _______ than the accident at three mile island.
Answer
Correct Answer:
More devastating
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The newest bonanza for recycling scarce and toxic metals is to recover them from ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
E-wastes
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The main component of the lower atmosphere by total volume is ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Nitrogen
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The _______ experiences a temperature _____ primarily due to the absorption of ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Thermosphere; increase; gamma rays and X-rays
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Symmetric ripples form when ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Water deposits sediment in layers, but the direction of flow periodically changes
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Slow and steady movement on a fault that does not generate earthquakes is termed ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Creep
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San francisco bay is a __________ estuary.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Tectonic
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Researchers found _______________ decline in otter populations that were living in sheltered bays.
Answer
Correct Answer:
19
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If a stream carries water only during and immediately after a rain, it is classified as ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Ephemeral
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Bifacially flaked tools characterize the _______ stone tool industry.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Acheulian
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Areas with heavy freshwater runoff and low evaporation will have ________ average salinity.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Lower than
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An individual's _____ provides an example of developmental continuity.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Personality
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A hoodoo with a cap rock of sandstone and shale below is an example of __________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Differential weathering
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____________ was a famous japanese painter, known for his virtuosity in landscape images.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Hokusai
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________ is a vesicular rock with an andesitic or rhyolitic composition.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Pumice
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A drowned river valley is also known as a ________ coast.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Estuary
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A __________is a tentative, testable statement about the general nature of the phenomena observed.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Hypothesis
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A floodplain forms where a stream _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Side to side
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A fast-moving flow consisting of a mixture of water and volcaniclastic debris is termed a ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Lahar
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A downwarped structure with a circular shape is a _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Basin
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A dam constructed to produce tidal power does so by _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Harnessing water flow to drive turbines and electric generators
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A crustal block which is down thrown with a steep fault scarp on either side is a ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Graben
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A ________ volcano is a very large, gently sloping mound composed mainly of basaltic lava flows.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Shield
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A ________ is an intrusive, igneous rock body that is tabular and concordant.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Sill
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A ________ is a submarine volcano.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Seamount
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A ______ is a volcano constructed of pyroclastic fragments ejected from a central vent.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Cinder cone
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_____________ is primarily made up of basalt whereas __________ is primarily made up of granite.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Oceanic crust;continental crust
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___________ is igneous activity that occurs __________ plate margins.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Intraplate volcanism; away from
Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one
__________ eruptions are the most violent types of explosive eruptions.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Plinian-type
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__________ destroyed the city of st. pierre, martinique in 1902.
Answer
Correct Answer:
A pyroclastic flow
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________ reacts readily with acids such as hydrochloric.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Calcite
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________ is the dominant lava erupted from volcanoes on hawaii and iceland.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Basalt
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_____ is a coarse-grained sedimentary rock formed by the cementation of rounded gravel.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Conglomerate
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________ is the type of remote sensing imagery best suited to use at night.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Thermal infrared
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A __________ is another name for winds that blow in an onshore direction during the day.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Sea breeze
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A __________ is a vertical cylinder of rotating air that ranges from 310 km in diameter.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Mesocyclone
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A hurricane has a maximum sustained surface wind speed of ______ km (74 mi) per hour or higher.
Answer
Correct Answer:
119
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A fully-developed "wave cyclone" is seen ____ hours from its inception.
Answer
Correct Answer:
12 - 24
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Air within the soil is usually highly saturated and rich in ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Carbon dioxide
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A cool region underneath cloud cover will have _____ a region with no cloud cover.
Answer
Correct Answer:
A higher pressure than That's
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______________ can be used to date fossils in rocks to give an approximate age.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Radiocarbon dating
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________ solar system bodies are more likely to lose their atmospheres.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Small, warm
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________ is the science of taking reliable measurements from aerial photographs.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Photogrammetry
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________ involves movement on a zone of compressed air.
Answer
Correct Answer:
A rock avalanche
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________ is an eruption in which lava is extruded from narrow fractures in the crust.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Fissure eruption
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________ is a dark, fine-grained extrusive rock.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Basalt
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Appearance of cirrus clouds indicates ______ air advection aloft.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Warm
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Any winds, like the jet stream, occur because of _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Differences in temperature
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Igneous rocks with an andesitic composition ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Are denser than granitic compositional rocks
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If basaltic lava reaches the sea or a lake, it cools rapidly into ____________ lava.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Pillow
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If all the particles in a detrital sedimentary rock are nearly the same size, it is __________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Very well-sorted
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Iceland rises above the atlantic ocean as a result of ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
A submarine hot spot located along a mid-ocean ridge
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Hydrolysis, oxidation, and hydration are all examples of ____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Chemical weathering
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Basaltic lavas ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Do not flow as far from the vent as basaltic lavas do
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Barrier islands make ________ sites for real estate development because ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Poor; they can be unstable, mobile, and overrun by storm surges.
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As compared to coarse-grained igneous rocks, fine-grained igneous rocks ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Cool and solidify more quickly
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As an air mass rises, it generally experiences ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
A decrease in temperature because of adiabatic cooling
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As a result of partial melting, magma originates in __________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
The mantle and crust
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Areas of geyser activity include _______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these are correct
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Impermeable layers such as clay that hinder or prevent water movement are called ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Aquitards
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Highly impermeable layers such as compacted clay or shale are known as ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
BE. aquitard
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Aquatic nitrate pollution can result in _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Algal bloom
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Any place where groundwater naturally flows out of earths surface is termed a(n) ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Spring
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Analysis of stable carbon isotopes in ________ can provide information on ancient diet.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Bones and teeth
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Alluvial fans occur where a _____ exits the _____ and enters the _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Stream, mountains, basin
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A strength of _______ is that it reflects participants' everyday behavior.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Naturalistic observation
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Thermoclines in the ocean are best developed at ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Lower latitudes
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The urban heat island effect is caused by ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Heat-generating buildings and dark, heat-absorbing surfaces
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The peeling of thin layers of stone off a large rock is ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Exfoliation.
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The painting last judgment in the sistine chapel includes a ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Self portrait of michelangelo as st Barthilomews flayed skin
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Windblown silt that blankets a landscape is called _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Loess
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The warmest air can be found in the ________ air mass.
Answer
Correct Answer:
CT
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Winds blow in curved loops because of earth's _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Rotation
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When waves grow so tall that they topple over, they form ocean breakers called _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Whitecaps
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When high-density seawater is added to low-density freshwater, ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
The denser seawater sinks below the freshwater
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Warm core rings and cold core rings are associated with __________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Western boundary currents
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Trenches are typically associated with ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Transform continental margins
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There is no pycnocline in _______ latitude regions because _____________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
High;the water column is uniformly cold and dense
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The subtropical gyres ___.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Play a large role in climate
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The largest of the great ocean surface currents is the __________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
West Wind Drift
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Ocean currents that move toward the poles are _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Warm
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Non-astronomical factors affecting ocean tides include __________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of the above are correct
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Most of our table salt comes from ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Salt obtained by evaporating seawater in dry climates
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Within the sea floor, the rate of geothermal heat flow is greatest ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Along mid-ocean ridges
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Within a single mountain range, ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
It is possible to find a variety of metamorphic rocks produced in distinct high, low, and intermediate grade rocks
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Whenever there is an active well, the water table will be drawn downward to a(n) ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Cone of depression
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When magma crystallizes, ________ are formed.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Intrusive igneous rocks
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When a solution becomes oversaturated, new solid particles are said to ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Precipitate from the solution
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Visible quartz and potassium feldspar grains are the main constituents in a ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Granite
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Under most of the earth's land surface, solid rock exists as a buried layer known as ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Bedrock
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Two major sources of energy, coal and oil shale, are considered ________ sedimentary rocks.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Organic
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The weathering of rocks in zion and bryce canyons takes place by ___.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Chemical and physical weathering
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The viscosity of magma is lowered by __________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of the choices are correct
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The toba eruption 74,000 years ago may have __________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Caused a great reduction in the worldwide human population
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The sinking of cold ocean lithosphere drives the motions of mantle convection through _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Plate motion mechanisms
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The sierra nevada, california, and teton, wyoming, ranges are examples of ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Fault blocks uplifted by late Tertiary to Quaternary normal faulting
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The sedimentary rocks breccia and conglomerate most commonly form in a ________ environment.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Mountain stream
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The ring of fire is a narrow zone of composite cone volcanoes rimming the ________ ocean.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Pacific
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The presence of ____ in _____ indicates low-grade metamorphism.
Answer
Correct Answer:
chlorite; slate
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The most obvious evidence of a plate boundary where two plates move apart is(are) ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Upwelling of hot material from the mantle
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The most famous and outspoken of the early proponents of continental drift was ______________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Plato
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The mixture of water and rubble that flows from the slope of a volcano is a _______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Lahar
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The melting point of a mineral generally _____ with increasing pressure (or depth).
Answer
Correct Answer:
Increases.
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The location of most volcanoes closely correlates with __________________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Plate boundaries
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The largest layer (by volume) of earth, ____, is composed primarily of _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
The mantle; peridotite
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The greatest danger from pyroclastic flows is ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Not significant because they move so slowly they can be avoided.
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The ________ ocean basin is rimmed by the most subduction zones.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Pacific
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Spreading centers are an ideal location for volcanism because ______________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these choices are correct
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Slaty cleavage, schistosity, and compositional banding are all examples of ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Foliation
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Shield volcanoes have ___ bases and ___ inclined slopes.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Broad; gently
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Saltation of sand involves ____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Grains traveling short distances (approximately 1 m) in the air
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Reverse faults form in response to ______ forces.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Compressive
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Oceanic lithosphere thickens away from the mid-ocean ridge primarily due to ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
The addition of new crust due to sedimentation
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Ocean-ocean convergence produces _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Mainly volcanic mountains
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Normal faults are the result of rocks being subjected to ________ stress.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Tensional stress.
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New york and london are on two separate plates so the distance between the cities is ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Stationary
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Minerals are grouped into mineral classes primarily on a basis of ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Chemistry, specifically the anions within the chemical formula
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Metamorphism, in broadest terms, involves ____________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Changes in mineralogy and texture in response to heat and stress
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Metamorphism may result from ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Gneiss
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Mesa-and-scarp topography is most closely associated with ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Erosion.
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Water vapor levels in earth's atmosphere ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of the above
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Vertical mixing and turbulence are most characteristic of the ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Troposphere
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Tornadoes are ranked in terms of wind speed and related property damage using the ________ scale.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Enhance fujita
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To the greeks, their land fell within the ________ zone in their early classification of climate.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Temperate
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The western u.s. climate is different from the western european climate because ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Western U.S. has mountains near the coast and Europe does not
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The tropical western pacific ocean regions experience ____ during strong enso events.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Lower sea levels
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The skies in the dallol region are _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Clear
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The radiative balance between incoming and outgoing energy is moderated by the _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Climate
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The polar front jet stream blows ____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Directly from west to east
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The midlatitude westerlies blow out of the ______ flank of the subtropical anticyclones.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Poleward
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The majority of the united states lies within a(n) ____ wind belt.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Westerly
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The kppen system of climatic classification ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Temperature and precipitation
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The kppen classification system for climate is widely used because _______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
It uses easily obtained data, and the system is relatively unambiguous.
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The intensity of tropical cyclones is measured by meteorologists using the __________ scale.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Saffir-Simpson
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The hottest places on earth are ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Associated with a lack of clouds
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Summertime weather in northern california often consists of low clouds and fog due to ____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Cold coastal water
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Two animals are considered members of different species if they _____. see concept 24.1 (page 505)
Answer
Correct Answer:
Cannot mate and produce viable, fertile offspring.
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The soil-forming factor which is said to make soil more than "just dirt" is the ________ factor.
Answer
Correct Answer:
BIOLOGICAL
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Worldwide, the largest percentage of freshwater readily available to humans is stored in _______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Pore spaces between rocks and sediments
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When rocks are ________, several adjacent layers were deposited without interruption.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Conformable.
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When reading a seismograph, _____ waves come first, then _____ waves, and, finally, _____ waves.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Seismographs
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Well-sorted sediments typically have ____________ porosity compared to poorly sorted sediments.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Greater
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Unsorted debris from ice sheets, after deposition, is known as ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Till
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The trellis drainage pattern shown below develops ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
In areas of alternating weak and resistant bedrock
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The rate at which a parent atom creates daughter atoms is always _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Constant and unique
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The radiometric date of a metamorphic rock most likely represents when the rock was _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Heated during metamorphism
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The principle of ________ explains the occurrence of older rock within a newer igneous body.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Inclusions.
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The most unreliable (variable) diagnostic property of minerals such as quartz is ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Color
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The maximum extent of a glacier is marked by a ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Terminal moraine
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The main difference between stream pools and ponds is that stream pools _______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Have an observable current
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The lowest elevation limiting stream erosion is called ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Alluvium.
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The longer ribbon that can be formed by handling a moist soil, the lower the _____ content.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Clay.
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The location of earthquake epicenters closely correlates with the __________________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Edges of the plates
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The lengthy ridges of till along each side of an alpine glacier are ________ moraines.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Lateral
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Some continents contain large core areas of precambrian rocks called _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Shields
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Mature tropical soils are generally noteworthy for their ________ color.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Red.
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A(n) ________ is a type of unconformity with parallel beds above and below the erosional surface.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Disconformity
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The setting of douard manets reclining nude figure of olympia is a(n) __________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Bordello of the Parisian demimonde.
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The sediment found in the mississippi river delta is an example of ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Terrigenous sediment
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The rotational energy of the blades of a wind turbine ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Drives a generator inside the nacelle compartment to produce electricity.
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The principal characteristic that differentiates temperate and tropical rainforests is __________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Latitude
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One limitation of wind power is that it ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Is intermittent
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Of the ~4,000 known minerals, the vast majority ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Are rare
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Of all the freshwater on the earth, approximately ________________ is trapped as ice.
Answer
Correct Answer:
80%
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Nonnative species disrupt ecosystems by _______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Increasing biodiversity
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Most sediments that compose a delta are __________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Lithogenous
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Most of the pushing force driving plate motion is produced ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
At subduction zones.
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Most of the holy roman empire constitutes _____ today.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Germany
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Most of the costs associated with using renewable resources are due to _______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Overuse of resources
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More solar radiation is absorbed by earths surface than by __________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
The atmosphere.
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Minerals in geodes (see below) form spectacular euhedral crystals because ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
The crystals have abundant room to grow in their hollow surroundings
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Minerals found on the seabed at or near hydrothermal vents are mostly __________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Metal sufides
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Mineral x is scratched by a diamond. mineral x _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Is softer than a diamond
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Mine tailings are __________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
The remains of ore after most of the metals have been removed.
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Marble is a nonfoliated rock that forms when heat and pressure change limestone. marble _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Is formed by evenly distributed pressure
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Manganese nodules are an example of ________ sediment.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Hydrogenous sediments.
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Latent heat that is the energy source for many storms can be transported by ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Water vapor
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Large rocks are transported by _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Traction.
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Adults age 51 to 70 need _____ micrograms of vitamin d daily to prevent bone loss.
Answer
Correct Answer:
15
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A mercator map is constructed by projecting the grid of the globe onto a(n) ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Cylinder
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Deep sea trenches are important features for plate tectonic studies because ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
They are sites where the oceanic lithosphere is consumed into the mantle
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A south wind produces a _____ surface current in the northern hemisphere.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Northwest
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A shoreline is a(n) ________, a common boundary where different parts of a system interact.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Interface
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Conchoidal fractures are indicative of the mineral ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Quartz
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Compressional stress on rock can cause strong and deep earthquakes, usually at _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Reverse faults
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Compared to felsic lavas, mafic lavas have a ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Lower viscosity
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A regular kitchen sponge has ________ porosity but ________ permeability.
Answer
Correct Answer:
High; low
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A porphyritic rock contains both ________ and __________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Phenocrysts; groundmass
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A mineral is said to be ____, if after a long time it does not convert to a new mineral.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Stable
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A migmatite is a mixed ___ rock.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Metamorphic and igneous
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______ is the predominant igneous rock of the continents.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Granite
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Compared to traditional tillage, conservation tillage _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Reduces topsoil erosion
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A temperature inversion is characterized by a(n) ______ of air temperature with altitude.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Increase
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A relatively warm surface tends to ______ the overlying air.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Destabilize
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A raindrop that freezes before reaching the ground is called ____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Sleet
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________ have the most dynamic and changeable day-to-day weather on earth.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Latitudes affected by fronts
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________ can harvest the energy they need through photosynthesis or other processes.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Autotrophs
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________ are solid particles that serve as cores for the formation of ice crystals.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Freezing Nuclei
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________ are small-scale winds produced by a locally generated pressure gradient.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Local winds
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A small island on the equator would most likely be classified ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
A f
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A rain-free base of an updraft is ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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A monsoon climate is characterized by ________ summers and ________ winters.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Wet; dry
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________ climates display a large variation over small areas.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Highland
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Fine-grained clays, silts and muds would always indicate a ____ environment.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Low-energy
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Complete this analogy: sliding is to gravel as dissolution is to_____________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Ions
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Coarse infertile soil _____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Is found near the base of mountains
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Clay has ____ porosity and ____ permeability.
Answer
Correct Answer:
High, low
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A succession of ocean waves set in motion by a submarine earthquake is called _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Tsunami
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A streamlined asymmetrical hill composed of till is called a _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Drumlin
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A soil with a large percentage of clay would be ________ and ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Porous, non-permeable
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A river's discharge is generally greatest _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
At its mouth
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A plant root presses against a rock, causing it to crack. this is an example of _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Biological weathering
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________ account(s) for the largest usage of groundwater in the united states.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Agriculture and irrigation
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_____ were the dominant vertebrate life form during the paleozoic era.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Amphibians
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When sea ice forms in high latitudes, the sea ice has ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Lower salinity than the ocean waters it forms from
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The accumulation of sediment found along the shore of a lake or ocean is called a _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Beach
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A __________ uses seismometers to measure shear waves (s waves) caused by earthquakes.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Geologist
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Rugged mountains cut off ________ china from korea.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Northeast
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Global inequality is apparent in _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these choices are true
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The so called climax vegetation refers to the ____ in an area
Answer
Correct Answer:
Original vegetation
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Ensuring clear directions and needed resources before work begins refers to ___________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Feedforward control
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The term ________ refers to entities cooperating across national boundaries.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Internationalization
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Sediment laid down by glacial meltwater is called _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Stratified drift
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The writer tom wolfe dubbed the 1970s the ____________ decade.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Me
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Earth's current atmosphere supports animal life because __________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Plant photosynthesis provides oxygen that is critical for aerobic respiration.
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Detrital sedimentary rocks are classified and named principally on the basis of ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Grain size.
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Currently, most geologists ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Agree that continental drift occurs due to mechanisms at work in the ocean basins and upper mantle
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Deserts are arid; steppes are ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Semiarid
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Desert, tundra, grassland, and chaparral are examples of __________ found in north america.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Ecosystems
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Desert varnish consists of ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Dust deposits affected by microorganisms
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Desert regions occur __________, and always have a(n) __________ climate zone adjacent to them.
Answer
Correct Answer:
On every continent; steppe
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Descending into earths interior, temperature, as well as pressure on rock, _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Increases
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Drumlins are formed in __________, and their tapered ends point __________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Till plains; downstream.
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Dredging a stream or river is an example of ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Channelization
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Evidence that glaciers once covered an area might include ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Till and striations
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Evidence that earths core has a high iron content comes from the study of _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Meteorites
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Evidence of paleomagnetism can be found in ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of the above are correct.
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Evidence about ancient climates indicates that _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Glacial ice once covered much of what is now India and Australia
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Elastic deformation before an earthquake is like _______, whereas rupture is like__________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Stretching a rubber band; breaking a rubber band.
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El nio received its name because of its association with ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
The Christmastime Christ child
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Earthquakes occur most frequently near ________ margins.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Active
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Earthquakes are most frequent near coastlines that are termed ____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Active margins.
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Earthquake prediction is ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Somewhat good for very long term statistical analyses based on ideas like mapping seismic gaps; however, is not yet developed for short term predictions
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Earth's core, mantle, and crust formed during the ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Hadean
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Dynamothermal (regional) metamorphism occurs when ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Rock becomes buried deeply during continental collision and mountain building
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During the last ice age, a ________ glacier covered much of the northern united states.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Continental
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During the holocene artifacts like _______ began to appear.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Ceramics.
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During the day along the coast, the wind tends to blow toward the ________ because ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Land; land heats more rapidly than water
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Deposition of dissolved minerals in caverns leaves deposits such as the icicle-like ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Stalactites.
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A(n) ________ in eustatic sea level is ultimately the result of a ________ event.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Increase; global cooling
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___________________ energy is replenished over short time scales or is perpetually available.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Renewable
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Areas with relatively scarce sand and constantly shifting winds will develop ________ dunes.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Star
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By far the most common elements in the universe and in our solar system are ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Hydrogen and helium
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The slippage of an earthquake starts ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Megathrust; convergent
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The ________ forms the relatively cool, brittle plates of plate tectonics.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Lithosphere
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Glaciers _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Form when snow stays in the same place for a long time
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When coral expel their own nutrient-supplying algae, a phenomena called ________ often follows.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Bleaching
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Coarse-grained granite is most similar in mineral composition to fine-grained ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Rhyolite
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Talus aprons represent accumulations of ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Angular debris at the base of a hill
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Sinking air that diverges when it reaches earth's surface is closely associated with ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Anticyclones
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All of the following cause mechanical weathering except ____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Carbonic acid
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Seasonal variations in co2 recorded at mauna loa observatory are related to ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Vegetation
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When a fault is expressed at the surface, it is called a __________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Fault scarp
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Water that has trickled down into a joint in a rock can freeze, expand, and _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Widen the crack and hastening the rock's disintegration
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Tsunamis are more destructive than wind-driven storm waves primarily because ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Tsunamis have longer wavelengths and thus larger volumes of water are involved
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The 1943 eruption of paricutin in mexico was characterized by ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Mudflows and explosive ash eruptions
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Tensional stress is the dominant force at ___.
Answer
Correct Answer:
The Basin and Range Province
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Stability prevails when the environmental lapse rate is ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Less than the wet adiabatic rate
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Short-term predictions of earthquake behavior ____________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Have been largely unreliable
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Rhyolitic lavas ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Do not flow as far from the vent as basaltic lavas do
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If the velocity of a stream decreases, competence __________ and sediment is _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Decreases, deposited
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Humans first realized that the earth was spherical ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
During the time of Aristotle in ancient Greece
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Glaciation can take about ________ years, whereas deglaciation requires about ________ years.
Answer
Correct Answer:
100,000; 10,000
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Coal forms from ______ that accumulates in a(n) ______ depositional environment.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Plant material/anoxic
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Buried erosional surfaces between parallel sedimentary strata are termed ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Disconformities
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As a rule, economic depletion exists when _____ of the resource has been extracted.
Answer
Correct Answer:
80%
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An apron-shaped pile of alluvium that forms at the mouth of a canyon is known as a(n) ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Alluvial fan
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Amongst all seismic waves, surface waves __________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Have the slowest velocity
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All of the following statements concerning dry lands are true except ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Wind is the dominant agent of erosion and sediment transport
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All of the following are possible steps of scientific investigation except for ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Assumption of conclusions without prior experimentation or observation
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According to the plate tectonics model, the rigid ________ moves over top of the weaker ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Lithosphere, asthenosphere
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A rainshadow desert forms ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
On the leeward side of a mountain
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________ is the study and reconstruction of past climates through the use of proxy data.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Paleoclimatology
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________ has the same mineral composition as andesite.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Diorite
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An unknown igneous rock has very small crystals. the rock _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Cooled quickly
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Downcutting is usually most prominent along the ________ part of a stream valley.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Upper
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Easterly waves travel from ________ in the ________ belt.
Answer
Correct Answer:
East to west; trade wind
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Earth's polar regions (above 60 latitude) are classified as deserts because __________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Cold, dry sinking air in the polar high regions produces little precipitation
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Density ________ depth in the earth's crust.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Increases with.
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Currently, life expectancy in north america is about ______ years for men and ______ for women.
Answer
Correct Answer:
75; 80.
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During a cold occlusion, the cold front forces the warm front to ____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Rise off the ground.
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The gps was developed by the u.s. department of ______
Answer
Correct Answer:
GPS
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The main river serving the hinterland of shanghai is the __________ river.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Chang-Yangzi
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In a monocline, one of the limbs of the fold ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Is horizontal
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Any stream may lengthen its valley by ________ and delta formation.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Headward erosion
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An important tool in understanding the actual numerical dates of past geologic events is ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Radioactivity
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A major obstacle the first land plants had to overcome was ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Staying upright despite gravity and wind on land
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A shaman was believed to be ____ between humans, animals, and spirits.
Answer
Correct Answer:
A bridge
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A sedimentary rock formed by the compaction and lithification of mud is known as a ____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Shale
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When air at the surface diverges, airflow above must _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Converge
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Small foreshocks that precede a major earthquake can occur _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
From the day of the major earthquake to days aer the earthquake
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There are ________ statutory probate court judges.
Answer
Correct Answer:
18
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Temperature decreases most rapidly with depth at ___________ latitudes
Answer
Correct Answer:
Low
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Shi'ite muslims constitute the great majority of the population of _____________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Iran
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Sedimentary deposits built into relatively regular layers are known as ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Strata
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Salt wedging is of slight consequence in ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Humid regions
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Granular disintegration is most closely associated with ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Frost wedging
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Ferromagnesian minerals are those that contain a great deal of ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Magnesium and Iron
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The wet adiabatic rate of cooling is less than the dry rate because _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Air is unsaturated
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The strike-slip san andreas fault in california is a _______ fault more than 1,300 km long.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Right-lateral
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A more ______ design can reduce earthquake damage to buildings
Answer
Correct Answer:
Flexible
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The tidal bulge produced on earth by the moon is causing the moon to slowly _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Move further from Earth
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The human body does not constantly lose water through _______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Digestion
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The term for a star that is explosively ejecting gases from its surface is a(n) ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Nova or supernova
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The angular size of the moon in our sky is __________ the angular size of the sun in our sky.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Almost exactly the same as
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