Geology MCQ Questions Answers

1. Extreme high pressure causes an _____ to occur in which temperatures increase with height.

2. Wind erosion can cause __________, which can create shallow depressions called __________.

3. A ________ transforms a bay into a lagoon.

4. Deep ocean trenches are the surface manifestations of ________.

5. Crevasses (deep fractures or cracks) form because ________.

6. The distinction between joints and faults is that ________.

7. In urban areas, an increase in impervious surfaces will cause ________.

8. In the winter, when water use is low, precipitation ________ evapotranspiration

9. In terms of topography, the deepest soils are ________.

10. Possibly the most cataclysmic event to occur in nature is ________.

11. The deep- and intermediate waters in the __________ ocean are the oldest in the world ocean.

12. The best modern technique for obtaining high resolution bathymetry of the seafloor is ________.

13. It is thought that submarine canyons on the continental slope have been generated by ________

14. The columbia river plateau is an example of a ________.

15. Pink quartz and smoky quartz are different colors. they will both have the same _____.

16. The famous destruction of the roman city of pompeii was produced by ________.

17. The energy behind the 1902 pyroclastic flow that destroyed st. pierre came from _________________.

18. The energy exchanges between space, the atmosphere, and earths surface produce _____.

19. Jet streams play a major role in the global transfer of heat by directing ____.

20. In the tropical wet climate, precipitation is mainly ________.

21. Orcas (killer whales) were determined to be ________________ of the otters.

22. One trigger of mass movements is the pores in sediments filling with _____.

23. Permeable rock or sediment between the water table and the land surface represents a(n) ____.

24. The evolution of the eohippus into the modern day horse is an example of _____.

25. In the formation of igneous rocks, large crystal size is closely related to ________.

26. The colorado river has carved the grand canyon to a depth of __________ and length of __________.

27. In the 1906 san francisco earthquake, much of the damage was due to fires because ________.

28. The dominant type of faulting in the great basin region is ______________.

29. In terms of underground water, ________ is the most effective shaper of landforms.

30. In order for an embayment to qualify as an estuary, it must have both _____ and _____.

31. In the df and dw climates, winter precipitation mainly originates from ________.

32. In mountainous areas of western north america, north-facing slopes would be expected to _____.

33. Placer deposits form when _____.

34. Plants consume water during photosynthesis. they also release it to the atmosphere during ________.

35. The black hills of south dakota are a good example of a(n) ________.

36. Inselbergs are associated with ________ landscapes.

37. The average number of storm-related deaths attributed to flooding from 1985 to 2014 was ________.

38. Relative to the celestial background, the moon moves ________.

39. Polar climates normally get ____________ amounts of precipitation.

40. The experimentation step of scientific inquiry involves _______.

41. The downdraft in an ordinary cell thunderstorm is created mainly by ____.

42. The deepest drill core into the earth's crust is approximately ________ kilometers deep.

43. P waves bend while traveling through earths core and then arrive at the shadow zone _____.

44. Overland flow can concentrate in small grooves called ________, which can enlarge to form ________.

45. One potential source of groundwater contamination would be ________.

46. Precipitation of water on the land surface leads directly to ________.

47. Peridotite that undergoes partial melting will create a melt enriched in ________.

48. The blanket of sediment on the sea floor is ___________ toward the ocean margins.

49. The best time for an earthquake to occur to minimize loss of life is __________.

50. The difference between swamps and marshes is mainly one of ________.

51. The eon represented by abundant deposits of strata with shelly fossils is the ________.

52. The dense atmosphere of venus is ________, causing most incoming solar radiation to be _________.

53. Prairie soils (mollisols) are _______.

54. The land area situated between the cool zone and the warm zone is termed the ____________ zone.

55. When a beta particle is emitted during radioactive decay, the atomic number of the isotope _____.

56. Velocity and turbulence are _____ at the __________.

57. The nuclear accident at chernobyl was _______ than the accident at three mile island.

58. The newest bonanza for recycling scarce and toxic metals is to recover them from ________.

59. The main component of the lower atmosphere by total volume is ________.

60. The _______ experiences a temperature _____ primarily due to the absorption of ______.

61. Symmetric ripples form when ________.

62. Slow and steady movement on a fault that does not generate earthquakes is termed ________.

63. San francisco bay is a __________ estuary.

64. Researchers found _______________ decline in otter populations that were living in sheltered bays.

65. If a stream carries water only during and immediately after a rain, it is classified as ________.

66. Bifacially flaked tools characterize the _______ stone tool industry.

67. Areas with heavy freshwater runoff and low evaporation will have ________ average salinity.

68. An individual's _____ provides an example of developmental continuity.

69. A hoodoo with a cap rock of sandstone and shale below is an example of __________.

70. ____________ was a famous japanese painter, known for his virtuosity in landscape images.

71. ________ is a vesicular rock with an andesitic or rhyolitic composition.

72. A drowned river valley is also known as a ________ coast.

73. A __________is a tentative, testable statement about the general nature of the phenomena observed.

74. A floodplain forms where a stream _____.

75. A fast-moving flow consisting of a mixture of water and volcaniclastic debris is termed a ________.

76. A downwarped structure with a circular shape is a _____.

77. A dam constructed to produce tidal power does so by _____.

78. A crustal block which is down thrown with a steep fault scarp on either side is a ________.

79. A ________ volcano is a very large, gently sloping mound composed mainly of basaltic lava flows.

80. A ________ is an intrusive, igneous rock body that is tabular and concordant.

81. A ________ is a submarine volcano.

82. A ______ is a volcano constructed of pyroclastic fragments ejected from a central vent.

83. _____________ is primarily made up of basalt whereas __________ is primarily made up of granite.

84. ___________ is igneous activity that occurs __________ plate margins.

85. __________ eruptions are the most violent types of explosive eruptions.

86. __________ destroyed the city of st. pierre, martinique in 1902.

87. ________ reacts readily with acids such as hydrochloric.

88. ________ is the dominant lava erupted from volcanoes on hawaii and iceland.

89. _____ is a coarse-grained sedimentary rock formed by the cementation of rounded gravel.

90. ________ is the type of remote sensing imagery best suited to use at night.

91. A __________ is another name for winds that blow in an onshore direction during the day.

92. A __________ is a vertical cylinder of rotating air that ranges from 310 km in diameter.

93. A hurricane has a maximum sustained surface wind speed of ______ km (74 mi) per hour or higher.

94. A fully-developed "wave cyclone" is seen ____ hours from its inception.

95. Air within the soil is usually highly saturated and rich in ________.

96. A cool region underneath cloud cover will have _____ a region with no cloud cover.

97. ______________ can be used to date fossils in rocks to give an approximate age.

98. ________ solar system bodies are more likely to lose their atmospheres.

99. ________ is the science of taking reliable measurements from aerial photographs.

100. ________ involves movement on a zone of compressed air.