Basic Embedded C MCQ

1. The declaration int *(*p)[10] indicates:

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2. In relation to an 8085 architecture, which of the following statements is/are correct about DATA memory and CODE memory?

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3. What is the initial remainder for the CRC32 algorithm?

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4. Suppose there is a file a.dat which has to be opened in the read mode using the FILE pointer ptr1, what will be the correct syntax?

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5. Which of the following are the characteristics of static RAM?

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6.

What will be the output of the following code?

#include<stdio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

struct abc

{ int data;

    struct abc *next;

};

void xy1(struct abc* head)

{ if(head == NULL)

    return;

    xy1(head–>next);

    if ((head–>data)%2==0)

    {printf("%d ", head–>data*31);}

    else

    {printf("%d ", head–>data*21); }

}

void xy2(struct abc* start)

{ if(start == NULL)

    return;

    if(start–>next != NULL )

    xy2(start–>next–>next);

    if((start–>data%2==0))

    {printf("%d ", start–>data*3); }

    else

    {printf("%d ", start–>data*12); }

}

void p(struct abc** head_ref, int new_data)

{ struct abc* new_node =(struct abc*) malloc(sizeof(struct abc));

    new_node–>data = new_data;

    new_node–>next = (*head_ref);

    (*head_ref) = new_node;

}

int main()

{ struct abc* head = NULL;

    p(&head, 21);

    xy1(head);

    xy2(head);

    getchar();

    return 0;

}

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7. Which of the following is the correct voltage range used by the Motorola MC68HC705C8 microcontroller?

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8.

Find the output of the following code and choose the correct answer from the given options.

#include <stdio.h>

int funct1(int num1[], int num2[], int n)

{

  int x1 = 0;

  int x2 = 0;

  int total;

  int k1 = –1, k2 = –1;

  for (total = 0; total <= n; total++)

  {

if (x1 == n)

{

  k1 = k2;

  k2 = num2[0];

  break;

}

else if (x2 == n)

{

  k1 = k2;

  k2 = num1[0];

  break;

}

if (num1[x1] < num2[x2])

{

  k1 = k2;

  k2 = num1[x1];

  x1++;

}

else

{

  k1 = k2;

  k2 = num2[x2];

  x2++;

}

  }

  return (k1 + k2)/2;

}

int main()

{

  int num1[] = {22, 27, 34, 31, 39};

  int num2[] = {22, 54, 67, 74, 46};

  int p1 = sizeof(num1) / sizeof(num1[0]);

  int p2 = sizeof(num2) / sizeof(num2[0]);

  if (p1 == p2)

  printf("%d", funct1(num1, num2, p1));

  else

  printf("failure");

  return 0;

}

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9.

Which of the following options is the output of the given program?

int main( )

{

int a=8.5, f=1 ;

f = res( a ) ;

f++;

printf ( "%d", f++ ) ;

return 0;

}

res ( int x )

{

int f=1 ;

if ( x == 1 )

return ( 1 ) ;

else

f = f/4.5 + x * res ( x - 1 ) ;

return ( f++ ) ;

}

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10.

Choose the correct output of the following C program.

int main( )

{

int i = 3, j = 4, k, l ;

k = abc ( i, j ) ;

l = abc ( i, j ) ;

k=k+3;

l=l+3;

printf ( "%d %d", k, l ) ;

return 0;

}

abc ( int ii, int jj )

{

int kk, ll ;

kk = ii + jj+3 ;

ll = ii * jj+2 ;

return ( kk, ll ) ;

}

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11. Which of the following statements are correct about the WDTCTL register?

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12. Which of the following values of the WDTHOLD bit of watchdog timer register (WDTCTL) specifies that the watchdog timer has stopped?

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13.

Choose the correct output of the following C program.

int main()

{

int i,k;

i=5;

k=abc(i);

printf("%d",k);

return 0;

}

int abc(int a)

{

int b,c,d,e;

b=6;c=9;a=a/2;

d=xyz(b);

e= d+b-(c/d)+1.5;

return(e);

}

int xyz(int w)

{

int p=1;

do

{

    p=p*w;

    w--;

}

while(w>0);

return(p);

}

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14. Which of the following is a linear list in which we can insert/delete element(s) at either end but not in/from the middle?

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15. In relation to endianness problem, which of the following pre-processor macros is used for reordering the bytes of a 16-bit unsigned value from network order to processor order?

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16.

What is the output of the following program ?

main()

{

int u = 1, v = 3;

printf("%d %d",u,v);

funct1(&u,&v);

printf(" %d %d\n",u,v);

}

void funct1(int *pu, int *pv)

{

*pu=0;

*pv=0;

return;

}

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17.

Analyse the given code and answer the following question.

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

    typedef char (*(*abc[4])())[10];

    abc a1;

    return 0;

}

Which of the following is true about 'a1'?

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18. How many binary trees can be formed using three nodes?

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19. In relation to byte-orientation memory of an 8051 microprocessor, what is the content of the 0x03 address?

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20.

This question is based upon the figure shown below

Which of the following is the post–order traversal of the binary tree that is given in the image?

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21.

In relation to watchdog timer modification, which of the following statements is/are correct?

i) Before changing the clock source, the WDT should be halted to avoid a possible incorrect interval.

ii) User should not change the WDT interval along with WDTCNTCL = 1 in a single instruction for avoiding an unexpected interrupt.

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22. Which of the following statements are correct about the embedded system, TIMER interrupt?

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23. What is the size of each header block for systems having two-byte memory pointers and available memory less than 64 bytes?

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24. In relation to watchdog timer register (WDTCTL), which of the following bits is used for selecting the watchdog timer interval for setting the WDTIFG flag and/or generating a PUC?

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25. Which of the following statements is/are false?

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26. Which function returns the current pointer position within a file?

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27.

Which of the following watchdog timer registers are of read/write type?

i) Watchdog timer control register

ii) Timer_A interrupt vector register

iii) SFR interrupt enable register 1

iv) SFR interrupt flag register 1

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28. Which of the following are types of hardware interrupts?

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29. In microcontroller 8051 with 256 bytes of RAM, what is the amount of memory provided to SFR registers?

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30. Which of the following statements is/are false about a pointer?

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31.

What will be the output of the following program?

#include <stdio.h>

struct st1

{

int a;

struct st1 *ptr1 ;

};

main( )

{

struct st1 w1,w2;

w1.a = 251 ;

w2.a = 351 ;

w1.ptr1 = &w2 ;

w2.ptr1 = &w1 ;

printf ( "%d %d", w1.ptr1 –> a, w2.ptr1 –> a ) ;

}

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32. In relation to microcontrollers, which of the following types of buses is/are bi-directional?

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33.

What will be the output of the given program?

#include<stdio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

struct node

{

  int data;

  struct node *next;

};

void ab(struct node* head)

{

  if(head == NULL)

  return;

  ab(head–>next);

  printf("%d ", head–>data*12);

}

void de(struct node* start)

{

  if(start == NULL)

  return;

  printf("%d ", start–>data);

  if(start–>next != NULL )

  de(start–>next–>next);

  printf("%d ", start–>data*7/6);

}

void p(struct node** head_ref, int new_data)

{

  struct node* new_node =(struct node*) malloc(sizeof(struct node));

  new_node–>data = new_data;

  new_node–>next = (*head_ref);

  (*head_ref) = new_node;

}

int main()

{

  struct node* head = NULL;

  p(&head, 15);

  p(&head, 333);

  p(&head, 31);

  p(&head, 21);

  p(&head, 17);

  ab(head);

  de(head);

  getchar();

  return 0;

}

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34. In relation to embedded C, which of the following data types is used for accessing the bit addressable memory of RAM (20h-2fh)?

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35. Which of the following memory types is neither volatile nor writable?

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36.

This question is based upon the figure shown below

Choose from the given image, the correct output of the following code.

#include<stdio.h>

main ()

{

int x[3][3], y[3][3];

abc(x);

xyz(x,y);

printa(y);

}

abc(m)

int m[][3];

{

int i, j;

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

{for (j=0; j<3;j++)

    {m[i][j]=((i+2) + (j+3));

    }}

}

xyz(x,y)

int x[][3], y[][3];

{

int i, j;

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

for (j=0;j<3;j++)

{

    y[j][i]=x[i][j];

}

}

printa(m)

int m[][3];

{

int i,j;

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

{

    for (j=0; j<3;j++)

    printf("%d ", m[i][j]);

    printf("\n");

}

}

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37.

Find the output of the following program and choose the correct answer from the given options.

#include <stdio.h>

#include <malloc.h>

void abc(int num2[], int num)

{

int *c = (int *)calloc(sizeof(int), (num – 2));

int i;

printf("output: ");

for (i = 0; i < num; i++)

{

    if (c[num2[i]] == 1)

    printf(" %d ", num2[i]+5);

    else

    c[num2[i]]++;

}

}

int main()

{

int num1[] = {15, 10, 10, 2, 7, 4, 2};

int af = sizeof(num1) / sizeof(num1[0]);

abc(num1, af);

getchar();

return 0;

}

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38. Which of the following memory types has fast relative speed?

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39.

Which of the given types of memories has the following characteristics?

i) It requires a block-sized 'erase' operation before this type of memory can be programmed.

ii) It is used for the storage of a program code.

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40. In relation to Interrupt Enable Register 1 (IE1) of the watchdog timer register, NMI interrupt enable (NMIIE) bit is recommended to be set and cleared using which of the following instructions?

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41. In relation to Interrupt Enable Register 1 (IE1) of the watchdog timer register, which of the following bits can be used by other modules?

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42. In relation to watchdog timer registers, the WDTPW (watchdog timer password) is always read as which of the following options?

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43.

What would be the output of the given C program?

int main( )

{

int a = 10, b = 20, m = 47, n = 96 ;

abc ( &a, &b ) ;

wxy ( &m, &n);

printf ( "%d, %d, %d, %d", a, b, m, n ) ;

return 0;

}

abc( int *x, int *y )

{

int t ;

t = *x ;

t = xyz();

*x = *y ;

*y = t++ ;

}

wxy(int *p, int *q)

{

*p = *p/2+9-1;

*q = *p/2+71-2;

}

xyz()

{

int t;

t = 6/2-54/3-(5.6/4);

return(t);

}

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44.

In relation to system reset and initialization, which of the following options can trigger the Power-Up Clear (PUC) signal?

i) The Power-On Reset (POR) signal.

ii) Security key violation of a flash memory.

iii) Security key violation of a watchdog timer.

iv) Expiration of a watchdog timer when in the watchdog mode only.

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45. What will happen if in data structure a pop operation on the stack causes the stack pointer to move past the origin of the stack?

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46.

What would be printed on the standard output as a result of the following code snippet?

main()

{

char *pmessage = "asdfgh";

*pmessage++;

printf("%s", pmessage);

return 0;

}

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47. In relation to the watchdog timer register (WDTCTL), what will happen if the value of WDTCNTCL bit is set to 1?

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48. If a full binary tree has a total of 63 nodes, then what will be the numbers of the internal nodes and the leaves, respectively, in the binary tree?

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49. How many memory spaces and data buses are used by the Von Neumann architecture?

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50.

Analyse the following code and choose its correct output from the given options.

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

{

int num1[9] = {3,2,3,4,5,2,3,9,2};

int *pt1, sm=0;

int a, b, p, z, n=9;

z = n;

pt1 = num1;

for (a = 0; a < z; a++)

{

    for (b = 0; b < z; b++)

    {

        if (a == b)

        {

            continue;

        }

        else if (*(pt1 + a) == *(pt1 + b))

        {

            p = b;

            z--;

            while (p < z)

            {

                *(pt1 + p) = *(pt1 + p + 1);

                p++;

            }

            b = 0;

        }

    }

}

for (a = 0; a < z; a++)

{

    sm=sm+num1[a];

}

printf("%d",sm);

return 0;

}

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51.

Given the array:

int num[3][4]=

{

{3,6,9,12},

{15,25,30,35},

{66,77,88,99}

};

what would be the output of *(*(num+1))?

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52.

Which of the given functions will be performed by the following program?

#include <stdio.h>

void main()

{

int arr1[15];

int a, b, number1, tmp_no;

printf("Enter any value between 2 and 15\n");

scanf("%d", &number1);

printf("Enter elements\n");

for (a = 0; a < number1; a++)

{

    scanf("%d", &arr1[a]);

}

for (a = 0; a < number1; a++)

{

    for (b = 0; b < (number1 – a – 1); b++)

    {

        if (arr1[b] > arr1[b + 1])

        {

            tmp_no = arr1[b];

            arr1[b] = arr1[b + 1];

            arr1[b + 1] = tmp_no;

        }

    }

}

for (a = 0; a < number1; a++)

{

    printf("%d\n", arr1[a]);

}

}

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53. What is the erase size for the EPROM memory?

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54. Which of the following divisors (polynomial) is used by the cyclic redundancy check algorithm CRC16?

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55.

This question is based upon the figure shown below

The given program, which was supposed to give output as shown in the image, has some errors. Analyse the code and choose the correct line number(s) containing error(s).

1.int main( )

2.{ int i=1,j=1,k=1;

3. abc(i,j,k);

4. xyz(i,j,k);

5. return 0;

6.}

7.abc (int a, int b, int c)

8.{ for(;a<=5;a++)

9. { for(b=5;b>a;b--)

10.    { printf(" "); }

11.    for(c=1;c<=a;c++)

12.    { printf("* "); }

13.    print("\n");

14. } }

15.xyz(int *a, int *b, int *c)

16.{ for(a=4;a>=1,a--)

17. { for(b=4;b>=a;b--)

18.    { printf(" "); }

19.    for(c=a;c>=1;c++)

20.    { printf("* "); }

21.    printf("\n");

22. } }

a. 4

b. 9

c. 13

d. 14

e. 15

f. 16

g. 17

h. 19

Given the array:

int num[3][4]= {

                {3,6,9,12},

                {15,25,30,35},

                {66,77,88,99}

                };

what would be the output of *(*(num+1)+1)+1?

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56.

Which of the following statements is/are valid and correct?

1.char amessage[] = "lmnop";

amessage++;

2.char *pmessage = "abcde";

(*pmessage)++;

3.char amessage[] = "lmnop";

(*amessage)++;

4.char *pmessage = "abcde";

pmessage++;

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57. In relation to watchdog timer operations, setting the WDTTMSEL bit to which of the following options results in selecting the interval timer mode?

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58.

What function will the following code perform?

void delete_element ( node *m, int n)

{

node *p, *k;

k = search ( m, n);

if (k = = ( node *) NULL)

return;

p = k –> next;

k –>next = p –>next;

free (p);

}

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59. In relation to the watchdog timer register (WDTCTL), which of the following values for WDTISx bits signifies watchdog clock source, /512?

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60.

This question is based upon the figure shown below

Which of the given images represents a correct binary search tree, if the elements are inserted in the following order?

6, 31, 3, 41, 26, 5

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61. In relation to National Semiconductor COP888 assembly language, which of the following is the correct syntax of the instruction that is used for executing the next instruction, on the condition that the bit 6 of register B is 1?

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62.

Consider the following code.

int i = 4, *j, *k;

Which one of the following statements will not work?

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63.

Choose the correct methods/techniques from the following options that can be used to design algorithms.

1. Divide and conquer

2. Greedy method

3. Back tracking

4. Branch and bound

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64. In the Harvard architecture of computers, how many data buses are used for accessing data and instructions?

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65.

What would be printed on the standard output as a result of the following code snippet?

char i = 'A';

char *j;

j = & i;

*j = *j + 32;

printf("%c",i);

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66.

In relation to the embedded C malloc() function, which of the following is the correct syntax for defining a header block with name hExample?

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67. Which of the following options is used for reusing the 16-bit pseudo index register, __longIX, created earlier by the compiler?

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68. What is the checksum size (width) for CCITT algorithm?

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69. In relation to watchdog timer registers, which of the following is the correct bit range used by WDTPW (watchdog timer password)?

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70. Which of the following bits are used in the Interrupt Enable Register 1 (IE1) of the watchdog timer register?

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71.

Which of the following statements are correct about watchdog timers?

i) All watchdog timers can only be programmed for a single time-out delay at a time.

ii) When watchdog timers time-out, they may either reset the processor or execute an interrupt.

iii) The hardware implementation of a watchdog timer depends on the processor.

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72. The declaration int (*p[5])() means:

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73.

The following program is based on a recursive algorithm. Analyze the code and choose the correct output from the given options.

#include<stdio.h>

main( )

{ static int a,f;

a=5.2; f=1;

f = res( a ) ;

f++;

printf ( "%d", f++ ) ;

}

res ( int x )

{ static int f ;

if ( x == 1 )

return ( 1 ) ;

else

f = x/4.5 + x + res ( x – 1 ) + 2 ;

return ( f++ ) ;

}

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74.

What will be the output of the following program?

#include <stdio.h>

void abc(int num1[], int size)

{

  int a = 0, b = size–1;

  while (a < b)

  {

while (num1[a] == 0 && a < b)

a++;

while (num1[b] == 1 && a < b)

b––;

if (a < b)

{

  num1[a] = 0;

  num1[b] = 1;

  a++;

  b––;

}

  }

}

int main()

{

  int num[] = {1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0};

  int z = 9, x = 0;

  abc(num, z);

  for (x = 0; x < 9; x++)

  printf("%d ", num[x]);

  getchar();

  return 0;

}

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75.

Fill in the blank:

A connected graph is said to be an Eulerian graph, only if all the vertices of the graph have _______ degree.

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76. How many bits are used by the watchdog timer in the SFRs for interrupt control?

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