1. Critics of consequentialism argue that even an accurate, empirically verified and successful application of the theory can sometimes result in ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Injustice
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2. Utilitarianism counters criticisms by modifying the theory to introduce rule utilitarianism and act utilitarianism.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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3. Utilitarianism emphasizes that the rightness of an act has to do with the future.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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4. Act consequentialist are subject to criticism for the argument that if they take rules to be absolute and without exception, then they will have abandoned consequentialism.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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5. Pleasure is generally linked to a particular activity or feeling in contrast to happiness, which is more a state of mind.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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6. The hedonistic calculus has seven elements.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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7. In analyzing the dilemma of whether Ben, a police officer, should arrest his friend Jim at whose house he accidentally found some marijuana, greater weight was given to the benefits to ______ of arresting Jim than to others.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Other friends of Jim and his wife
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8. Which of the following would a utilitarian support?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Euthanasia
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9. The final defense against criticisms of utilitarianism argues that it is the ______ and not the theory that should be discounted.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Feelings
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10. Rule utilitarianism and act utilitarianism were introduced as modifications of the theory to ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Counter the criticisms
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11. Which of the following is a critical element of utilitarianism?
Answer
Correct Answer:
The notion that every person's life and interests rank equally with everyone else's
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12. It is argued utilitarianism eliminates the distinction between actions that are morally required known as ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Obligatory actions
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13. A/an ______ strategy and approach to public policy making would require that government officials base their actions and programs on the most accurate and detailed information of particular circumstances and of the likely results of the alternatives and options available to them.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Utilitarian
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14. Hinman (1998) notes a number of objections to act consequentialism, including ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
It is extremely time-consuming to calculate the consequences of every individual action
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15. According to Mill, pleasures can be compared in terms of their ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Quality
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16. Rachels (1999) summarizes utilitarian theories using all of the following propositions except ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of the above are propositions
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17. The more modern approach to utilitarianism is a focus on ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Preference satisfaction
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18. Which philosopher wrote of the subjugation of women, believing that subjecting women to men’s domination and control would not be justified by arguing that such social practices seemed natural and appropriate?
Answer
Correct Answer:
John Stuart Mill
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19. The utilitarian principle that determines whether a particular action is ethically right or wrong is called the principle of ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Utility
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20. Which well-known philosophers were considered classical utilitarian (consequentialist) theorists?
Answer
Correct Answer:
A and C
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