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Mechanical and Electrical Systems MCQ

1. What is system inertia?

Answer

Correct Answer: The sum of rotational inertias exerted by the various rotating machine generators

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2. What is the central control function performed by the system operator?

Answer

Correct Answer: Control generation, demand response, and transmission assets.

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3. What is the average speed of normal operation for a synchronous machine?

Answer

Correct Answer: Proportional to the frequency of the system to which it is connected.

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4. What is the state where connected alternating-current systems operate at the same frequency called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Synchronization

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5. What is the primary use of switchgear?

Answer

Correct Answer: The generation, transmission, distribution, and conversion of electric power.

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6. What is the time limit for a Supplemental Reserve to be fully responsive?

Answer

Correct Answer: 10 minutes

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7. Which of the following is NOT classified as a substation?

Answer

Correct Answer: Service equipment

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8. What is the purpose of a substation?

Answer

Correct Answer: To pass electric energy in bulk for the purpose of switching or modifying its characteristics

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9. What is the time step of sub-hourly energy markets?

Answer

Correct Answer: 5 minutes

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10. In the United States, what percentage of electricity is traded in sub-hourly markets?

Answer

Correct Answer: 60%

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11. What is the economic order of a stack?

Answer

Correct Answer: The collection of available generators arranged in economic order.

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12. What is the spinning reserve?

Answer

Correct Answer: Generation and responsive load that is on-line and begins responding immediately

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13. What is the name of the technology used to generate electricity from sunlight?

Answer

Correct Answer: Solar Photovoltaic

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14. What is the main element used in solar photovoltaic technology?

Answer

Correct Answer: Silicon

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15. What is the result of poor electromechanical damping?

Answer

Correct Answer: Small Signal Oscillation

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16. What does low damping of small signal oscillations indicate?

Answer

Correct Answer: Potential system stability issues.

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17. What is the process of billing and invoicing charges and payments for market activities between market participants and an independent system operator called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Settlement

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18. What is the Self-healing Distribution Circuit?

Answer

Correct Answer: A distribution circuit with technologies that support fault location, isolation and service restoration (FLISR).

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19. What is a self-healing distribution circuit?

Answer

Correct Answer: A distribution circuit with technologies that support fault location, isolation and service restoration.

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20. What does sectionalization refer to?

Answer

Correct Answer: The process of dividing a circuit into sections

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21. What does scheduling refer to?

Answer

Correct Answer: The general practice of ensuring that a generator is committed and available when needed.

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22. What is an electric apparatus depending on electromagnetic induction for its operation called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Rotating Machine

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23. What is Reverse Power Flow also known as?

Answer

Correct Answer: Backfeeding

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24. What is responsive load?

Answer

Correct Answer: Customer load that responds to signals from the utility to aid in grid operations

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25. What is the definition of resilience?

Answer

Correct Answer: The degree to which an electric grid is hardened to natural and man-made disasters

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26. What is a requirement?

Answer

Correct Answer: A desired feature, property, or behavior of a system.

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27. What is a balancing authority area?

Answer

Correct Answer: An area responsible for ensuring the reliability of the electric grid

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28. Reliability Region refers to the collection of what?

Answer

Correct Answer: Generation, transmission, and loads

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29. Who is responsible for the reliable operation of the Bulk Power System?

Answer

Correct Answer: Reliability Coordinator

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30. What is the utility industry's expression for reliability?

Answer

Correct Answer: System reliability indices

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31. What is the purpose of regulation?

Answer

Correct Answer: To maintain interconnection frequency and match generation to load within the control area.

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32. What is the Reserve used for?

Answer

Correct Answer: To provide the fast up and down balancing service.

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33. What is the Regulation Reserve?

Answer

Correct Answer: The amount of capacity devoted to providing the fast up and down balancing service.

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34. Reclosers are used to _______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Automatically interrupt and reclose an alternating-current circuit

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35. Reclosers are used to improve which of the following?

Answer

Correct Answer: Average reliability

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36. What is the real-time market?

Answer

Correct Answer: The competitive generation market controlled and coordinated by the Independent System Operator for arranging real-time imbalance power.

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37. What is the active power for a sinusoidal quantity in a two-wire circuit?

Answer

Correct Answer: The product of the voltage, the current, and the cosine of the phase angle between them.

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38. What is the supply of dynamic reactive power used to control?

Answer

Correct Answer: Transmission system voltages

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39. What is the supply of dynamic reactive power called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Reactive Supply

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40. What is the product of voltage and out-of-phase component of alternating current?

Answer

Correct Answer: Reactive Power

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41. Reactive power is ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: The product of voltage and out-of-phase component of alternating current

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42. What is the maximum capacity of a generating unit?

Answer

Correct Answer: Rated Capacity

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43. What does the word "Ramp" mean in the context of generation output?

Answer

Correct Answer: A change in generation output over some unit of time.

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44. What does ramp rate describe?

Answer

Correct Answer: The ability of a generating unit to change its output

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45. What is the normal flow of energy in a radial feeder?

Answer

Correct Answer: In one direction only

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46. What is the main responsibility of a Regional Transmission Organization?

Answer

Correct Answer: Maintaining system balance, reliability, and electricity market operation.

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47. FERC stands for...?

Answer

Correct Answer: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

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48. The state agency that regulates the activities of investor-owned utilities is known as the ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Public Utility Commission

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49. What does the Public Utility Commission regulate?

Answer

Correct Answer: The activities of investor-owned utilities

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50. What does a PUD provide?

Answer

Correct Answer: Public Utility Services

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51. A Protection System includes _______.

Answer

Correct Answer: One or more protection equipments, instrument transformer(s), wiring, tripping circuit(s), auxiliary supply(s) and, where provided, communication system(s).

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52. What is a prosumer?

Answer

Correct Answer: A consumer that is also individually capable of storing and producing electricity.

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53. A power transformer transfers what between the generator and the distribution primary circuits?

Answer

Correct Answer: Electric energy

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54. What is a power system?

Answer

Correct Answer: The generation resources and/or transmission facilities operated as an entity to meet load and/or interchange commitments.

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55. What is Power Quality?

Answer

Correct Answer: Any power problem manifested in voltage, current, or frequency deviations that results in failure or misoperation of customer equipment.

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56. What is the process of controlling the path(s) through which power flows called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Power Flow Control

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57. What does power flow refer to in an electric system?

Answer

Correct Answer: The flow of electric power in a transmission system.

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58. What does Power Flow refer to?

Answer

Correct Answer: The flow of electric power in a (transmission) system

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59. What is power distribution?

Answer

Correct Answer: Technology and infrastructure that moves electrons from devices where they are available to devices where they are wanted.

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60. What is the main use of peak plants?

Answer

Correct Answer: They are used sparingly, often only a handful of times a year during extreme peak periods of demand.

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61. What is a passive load?

Answer

Correct Answer: A load that behaves in a manner that approximates simple impedance

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62. What are operating reserves a combination of?

Answer

Correct Answer: Contingency reserves, regulation reserves, and sometimes load-following reserves

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63. What are operating reserves?

Answer

Correct Answer: A combination of contingency reserves, regulation reserves, and sometimes load-following reserves.

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64. What is the full form of OLTC?

Answer

Correct Answer: Online Tap Changer

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65. The last generator to be dispatched at any point in time is referred to as what?

Answer

Correct Answer: The marginal generator

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66. What is the last generator to be dispatched at any point in time referred to as?

Answer

Correct Answer: Marginal generator

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67. What is the North American Electric Reliability Corporation's mission?

Answer

Correct Answer: To assure the reliability of the bulk power system in North America

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68. What is non-spinning reserve?

Answer

Correct Answer: Generation and responsive load that -line but can be fully responsive is off within 30 minutes.

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69. What is a network transformer?

Answer

Correct Answer: A transformer designed for use in a vault to feed a variable capacity system of interconnected secondaries.

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70. What is the main purpose of a network protector?

Answer

Correct Answer: Automatically disconnect a transformer from a secondary network in response to predetermined electrical conditions.

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71. Which of the following best describes a Network Protector?

Answer

Correct Answer: A device that automatically disconnects a transformer from a secondary network in response to predetermined electrical conditions.

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72. What is a nanogrid?

Answer

Correct Answer: A single domain of power; single physical layer of power distribution, reliability, quality, capacity, price and administration

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73. What does a nanogrid provide?

Answer

Correct Answer: A single domain of power

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74. What is the minimum run level?

Answer

Correct Answer: Minimum level of output that can be provided from a generator.

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75. What is a Minigrid?

Answer

Correct Answer: A grid, similar to a traditional utility grid, but with limited geography and capacity.

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76. What is a "Milligrid"?

Answer

Correct Answer: A Utility Microgrid with local generation or storage.

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77. What is the scale of a Microgrid?

Answer

Correct Answer: A few to a few hundred buildings.

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78. Microgrid is defined as an electricity distribution system containing loads and what?

Answer

Correct Answer: Distributed Energy Resources

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79. What is a Microgrid?

Answer

Correct Answer: A system that can generate, store and distribute energy

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80. What is a micro-generator?

Answer

Correct Answer: A type of electric generator that can be connected to a low-voltage electrical installation

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81. What is the maximum voltage for Medium Voltage?

Answer

Correct Answer: 100 KV

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82. What is the range for medium voltage?

Answer

Correct Answer: 1 KV - 100 KV

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83. What is the Market?

Answer

Correct Answer: Demand and supply of goods and services; the entire economic ecosystem around the Grid.

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84. What is the definition of Low Voltage?

Answer

Correct Answer: Voltages less than 1 KV.

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85. What is the Locational Marginal Price?

Answer

Correct Answer: The price of a unit of energy at a particular electrical location

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86. What is the aggregate load balanced with?

Answer

Correct Answer: Aggregate generation

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87. What is the main purpose of Load Frequency Control?

Answer

Correct Answer: To maintain the scheduled system frequency or the established interchange with other areas within predetermined limits

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88. What are load forecasts used for?

Answer

Correct Answer: To help develop generation schedules to ensure that sufficient quantities and types of generation are available when needed.

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89. What is Load Following?

Answer

Correct Answer: The use of on-line generation, storage, or load equipment to track the intra- and interhour changes in customer loads.

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90. What does a lateral branch do?

Answer

Correct Answer: Extends from a manhole or handhole to a nearby building, handhole, or pole.

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91. What is the process known as when a Microgrid separates itself electrically from the main power grid?

Answer

Correct Answer: Islanding

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92. What is the purpose of an island in an electric power system?

Answer

Correct Answer: To provide an isolated and energized area

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93. What is a utility whose assets are owned by investors called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Investor-Owned Utility

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94. What is the main purpose of an Inter-tie Switch?

Answer

Correct Answer: To connect two or more independent sources of power

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95. What is an Inter-tie Switch?

Answer

Correct Answer: A switch that connects two or more independent sources of power

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96. What is one important characteristic of intermittent renewable energy generation?

Answer

Correct Answer: The power output can change rapidly over short periods of time.

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97. Which type of plants are more often capable of providing Intermediate Generation?

Answer

Correct Answer: Gas, oil, or hydroelectric plants

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98. Which type of generating plant provides most or all of its energy during the day?

Answer

Correct Answer: Intermediate Generating Plant

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99. What does the term "interconnection" refer to in the context of electric power?

Answer

Correct Answer: The physical plant and equipment required to facilitate the transfer of electric energy between two or more entities.

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100. What is the Interchange Authority responsible for?

Answer

Correct Answer: The Interchange Authority is responsible for authorizing the implementation of valid and balanced Interchange Schedules between Balancing Authority Areas.

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101. The Interchange Authority is responsible for _______

Answer

Correct Answer: Authorizing the implementation of valid and balanced Interchange Schedules between Balancing Authority Areas

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102. What is the primary function of an Independent System Operator?

Answer

Correct Answer: Maintaining system balance, reliability, and electricity market operation.

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103. What does the "Y" configuration in Wye represent?

Answer

Correct Answer: Each of the individual phases is connected to a common point

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104. What is the "center" of the Y in a Wye configuration normally connected to?

Answer

Correct Answer: Electrical ground

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105. What does wattage define?

Answer

Correct Answer: One joule per second

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