1. Tracing Rule is defined as Procedures for tracing all possible paths from each causal variable to each outcome variable in a path model. The (reproduced) total correlation between two variables in a path model using standardized variables is obtained by tracing all routes or paths between those variables, with some limitations.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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2. Goodman Test is a test for H0: ab = 0 that uses a different method to estimate SEab from the one proposed by Sobel (1982).
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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3. ________ is a test for H0: ab = 0 that uses a different method to estimate SEab from the one proposed by Sobel (1982).
Answer
Correct Answer:
Aroian Test
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4. An X2 variable is called a suppressor variable relative to X1 and Y if the partial correlation between X1 and Y controlling for X2 (r1Y.2) is larger in absolute magnitude than r1Y or if r1Y.2 is significantly different from 0 and opposite in sign to r1Y.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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5. SEab is one notation for the standard error of the ab product that represents that strength of the mediated path. Different methods of estimating this standard error have been proposed by __________ .
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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6. Inconsistent mediation occurs when one of the signs for a path in a mediate model is negative; the direct (c') and indirect (a × b) effects of X1 on Y are opposite in sign.
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Correct Answer:
True
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7. A model is correctly specified if it includes all the variables that should be taken into account (e.g., all variables that are confounded with or causally related to X1 or Y, or all variables that interact with X1 or Y) are called _________ .
Answer
Correct Answer:
Correctly Specified Model
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8. ____________ is a widely used significance test proposed by Sobel (1982) to test H0: ab = 0. This tests whether a mediating variable (X2) transmits the influence of the independent variable X1 to the Y outcome variable.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Sobel Test
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9. Indirect Effect corresponds to the two-step path from X1 to Y, via the mediating variable X2 or M.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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10. The overall strength of association between the initial predictor variable X1 and the final outcome variable Y in a mediated model (ignoring or not controlling for the mediating variable M or X2) is known as:
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Correct Answer:
Total Effect
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11. Which is denoted c' in a mediated path model; it represents any additional predictive association between X1 and Y that is called __________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Direct Effect
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12. The effect of X1 on Y is said to be mediated if the effect of X1 on Y is carried by or transmitted by a mediating variable X2 or M is known as:
Answer
Correct Answer:
Mediated Effect
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13. The t test for the raw score regression coefficient to predict the final outcome variable Y from the mediating variable (X2 or M) in a mediation model.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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14. A regression analysis for which the outcome variable is categorical; the goal of the analysis is prediction of group membership is called _________ .
Answer
Correct Answer:
Logistic Regression
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15. The standard error of the raw score regression slope to predict the outcome variable Y from the mediating variable (X2 or M) is known as:
Answer
Correct Answer:
Sb
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16. In a mediation analysis, “ c' ” represents the direct path from X1 to Y, when the indirect path from X1 to Y (via the mediating variable M) is controlled for in the analysis.
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Correct Answer:
True
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17. In a mediated causal model, “b” coefficient corresponds to the path from X1 (the initial cause) to M (the hypothesized mediating variable).
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Correct Answer:
False
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18. In a mediated causal model, “a” coefficient corresponds to the path from X1 (the initial cause) to M (the hypothesized mediating variable).
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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19. A diagram in which hypothesized causal associations between variables are represented by unidirectional arrows is known as:
Answer
Correct Answer:
Path Model
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20. A causal model is often represented by a path diagram; unidirectional arrows represent hypotheses that variables are causally related, and bidirectional arrows represent hypotheses that variables are not causally associated.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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