_____ is known as residential facilities that target the needs of institutionalized juveniles
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Correct Answer:
Training schools
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_____ is defined as the oversight of a juvenile offender by a probation or parole officer that includes casework, counseling, and surveillance of the juvenile in the community
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Correct Answer:
Supervision
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_____ is a report provided to the judge after a youth is adjudicated delinquent that details all facets of the youth’s life and also recommends disposition
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Social study report
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_____ is known as publically funded facilities for juveniles that function to provide housing for status offenders, neglected children, and dependent minors
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Shelter care facilities
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_____ is known as an order by the juvenile court that requires a juvenile to reimburse the victim of the crime, either through money or community service
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Restitution
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_____ is defined as facilities that determine which treatment plan and placement is most appropriate for juveniles
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Reception and diagnostic centers
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_____ is known as a residential sentencing option that entails a minimum-security placement for first-time or minor juvenile offenders
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Ranches and forestry camps
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_____ is defined as a judicial sanction that entails a sentence in the community under government supervision, to include specified conditions
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Probation
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_____ is defined as early release of a juvenile from a detention center with the remainder of the sentence served under community supervision
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Parole
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_____ is defined as a detention center that holds three types of persons:
(1) offenders who are given a minimal sentence of incarceration, generally less than 1 year; (2) individuals who have been accused of a crime and are waiting for trial procedures; and (3) individuals who have been transferred from another facility to testify in court in that jurisdiction
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Correct Answer:
Jail
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_____ is juvenile placement, often with a relative, outside the geographic jurisdiction of the juvenile court
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Correct Answer:
Interstate compact
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_____ is known as a delinquency-prevention strategy that is similar to probation but involves increased contacts with the court and stricter supervisory requirements
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_____ is defined as juvenile confinement in a residential facility
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Correct Answer:
Institutionalization
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_____ is confinement of a juvenile to his or her home, generally on evenings and weekends, allowing him or her to attend school and/or work with permission from the judge
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House arrest
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_____ is known as use of a device on the wrist or ankle to monitor the location of a juvenile with radio frequency or satellite signal
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Electronic monitoring
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_____ is known as a juvenile court-ordered form of restitution that requires juvenile offenders to work directly with victims
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Direct service
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_____ is defined as temporary housing facilities for juveniles
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Detention centers
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_____ is a range of correctional options available to juvenile court judges that vary in severity
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Continuum of sanctions
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_____ is known as a juvenile sentencing alternative that requires participation in public programs intended to help the community
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Community service
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_____ is defined as the use of a variety of officially ordered program-based sanctions that permit adjudicated offenders to remain in the community under conditional supervision
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Community corrections
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_____ is a responsibility of probation officers that involves working with juvenile clients and maintaining files on every juvenile they are responsible for
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Casework management
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_____ is known as juvenile rehabilitation facilities that employ quasi-military-style discipline and are intended to shock juveniles back into law-abiding behavior
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Boot camps
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_____ is defined as group homes that were created in Colorado to provide extensive programs and encouragement rather than punishment for juvenile offenders
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Attention homes
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_____ is follow-up processes within the juvenile justice system that target the successful release of offenders without future occurrences of criminal behavior
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Aftercare
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_____ is known as a strategy that imposes strict adult-level sanctions on violent youth offenders while still focused on rehabilitation
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Youthful offender programs
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_____ is defined as a practice that some states use that automatically transfers juveniles to adult court for certain offenses
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Correct Answer:
Statutory exclusion
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_____ is the process of sending youths who are over the maximum age of jurisdiction back to juvenile court in certain cases
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Reverse waiver
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_____ is known as early release from detention with a verbal promise to return for proceedings
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Release on recognizance
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_____ is defined as a lawful choice made by a prosecutor; often used to waive juveniles to adult court in states with concurrent jurisdiction
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Prosecutorial discretion
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_____ is a practice where serious offenders or status offenders with abusive or neglectful home situations are detained for the protection of society or for their own protection
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Preventive detention
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_____ is known as a judicial standard that states juveniles should not be held fully responsible for their actions due to a lack of cognitive development
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_____ is defined as
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A comprehensive document that provides a full background report on the juvenile for the judge to use during the disposition hearing
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_____ is an agreement made between the prosecutor and defense attorney that allows a defendant to plea to a lesser charge and serve a less severe sentence
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Plea bargain
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_____ is known as a document filed to send a youth to juvenile court
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Correct Answer:
Petition
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_____ is defined as interventions taken by court intake officers that exclude formal handling by the juvenile court
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Nonjudicial adjustment
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_____ is the most common method of transferring juveniles to adult courts that is made by judicial staff during the intake process
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Correct Answer:
Judicial waiver
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_____ is known as the first stage in juvenile court processing. It typically involves a juvenile probation officer who screens all referrals to the juvenile court using interviews with parents or guardians.
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Correct Answer:
Intake process
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_____ is known as release back into the community with certain supervisory conditions, such as curfew, employment, and community service
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Informal probation
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_____ is defined as a form of criminal sentencing that imposes a range of time for a sentence involving detention, allowing for rehabilitation and early release
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Correct Answer:
Indeterminate sentencing
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_____ is the juvenile equivalent of a sentencing hearing in the adult criminal justice system
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Correct Answer:
Dispositional hearing
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_____ is known as a form of criminal sentencing that imposes a fixed term of confinement on an offender.
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Correct Answer:
Determinate sentencing
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_____ is defined as a judicial hearing that determines whether a juvenile will be detained or released on bail
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Correct Answer:
Detention hearing
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_____ is defined as a movement in the juvenile justice system to eliminate laws and policies that had reviously placed many status offenders in secure confinement
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Correct Answer:
Deinstitutionalize
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_____ is a movement in the juvenile justice system to eliminate laws and policies that had previously placed many status offenders in secure confinement
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Correct Answer:
Deinstitutionalization of status offenders (DSO)
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_____ is known as juveniles who are seen as victims when managed by the child welfare system and offenders when under the care of the juvenile justice system
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Crossover youths
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_____ is defined as intermediate measures between probation and nonjudicial adjustment
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Consent decrees
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_____ is a condition that allows more than one court to exercise judicial review of a case at the same time
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Concurrent jurisdiction
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_____ is known as a juvenile sentence combined with an adult sentence; often used for serious juvenile offenders
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Blended sentence
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_____ is defined as a judicial system that includes the ability to separate a trial into two parts: an adjudicatory hearing and disposition hearing
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Bifurcated system
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_____ is known as a method of pretrial release that allows temporary release of an accused person awaiting adjudication after the person posts valuables with the court, to help ensure that person will return for trial proceedings
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Correct Answer:
Bail
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_____ is defined as the court process that determines if a juvenile committed the act with which he or she is charged
Answer
Correct Answer:
Adjudicatory hearing
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_____ is known as the court process that determines if a juvenile committed the act with which he or she is charged
Answer
Correct Answer:
Adjudicatory hearing
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_____ is defined as a federal law providing funds to states that follow a series of federal protections, known as the “core protections,” on the care and treatment of youth in the justice system
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1974 Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDP)
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If the youth has problems following the required conditions, a(n) ______ can be filed sending the youth back to court.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Petition
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______ officers have several alternatives to sending a youth to a juvenile court. Youths can be placed on informal probation, which is release back into the community with certain supervisory conditions, such as curfew, employment, and community service.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Intake
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In 2018, California abolished monetary bail, leaving it up to judges and other experts to assess the dangerousness of a defendant before deciding whether or not to release the defendant prior to his or her next scheduled court appearance.
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Correct Answer:
True
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For adults, bail is a method of pretrial release that seeks to ensure that defendants will return for trial proceedings.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Critics of juvenile detention have argued that putting delinquent youths together increases recidivism by allowing them to learn new methods of offending and impairs successful reintegration into society.
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Correct Answer:
True
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A detention hearing determines whether a juvenile will be detained. The hearing must be held shortly after arrest, generally within 48–72 hours, not including weekends and national holidays.
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Correct Answer:
False
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After the pretrial proceedings are complete and when the juvenile has not yet signed a plea bargain, a presentence hearing will be held.
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Correct Answer:
False
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In 2017, more than 3,429 juveniles had received a life without parole sentence.
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Correct Answer:
False
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States that allow the sentence, Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Louisiana account for about two-thirds of the life without parole sentences for juveniles.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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The juvenile court system varies widely in its structure depending on the jurisdiction.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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