Is control variable in scientific research methods, this is the experimental element that is constant and unchanged throughout the course of the investigation?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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______ theories argue that the ruling class of society (the bourgeoisie) uses its power to keep the poor (the proletariat) in its place.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Marxist
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According to Terrie Moffitt, a very small number of juveniles, ______, engage in chronic violent offenses and contribute to the majority of serious violent offenses in society.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Life-course persistent offenders
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One of the first feminist theories of crime, ______, argued that females engage in a lower level of crime than males because of the lack of opportunity for women in society.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Liberal feminism
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Gottfredson and Hirschi argued that an individual’s level of self-control is fixed at age ______ and remains stable throughout the life course.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Five
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Wolfgang and Ferracuti argued that there is a subculture among the lower class in America that has conduct norms that promote ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
The use of violence
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In learning theory, ______ relies on the use of rewards and punishments to reinforce behaviors.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Operant conditioning
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Learning theory argues that learning occurs through ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Association
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According to Robert Sampson, ______ refers to the cohesion among residents and their ability to act for the common good of the neighborhood.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Collective efficacy
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Wilson argued that the disappearance of ______ from the city center was responsible for Blacks and recent immigrants being stuck in undesirable, high crime areas, unable to make economic progress.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Manufacturing jobs
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According to Park and Burgess, the least desirable part of the city to inhabit is the zone of ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Transition
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The ______ perspective differs from other theories of crime because of its focus on characteristics of environments that are associated with high crime rates.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Social disorganization
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According to Messner and Rosenfeld, institutional ______ cause(s) high crime rates.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Power imbalance
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The work of Robert Merton formed the basis for the ______ during the 1964 Johnson Administration’s effort to combat high national poverty rates.
Answer
Correct Answer:
War on Poverty
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According to Robert Merton, when an individual is faced with anomie, which of the following is true?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Crime might occur.
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The shift toward sociological explanations of crime in the middle of the ______ was followed by increased use of self-report data.
Answer
Correct Answer:
20th century
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