_____ is known as restriction of the arbitrary use of power by restricting it by established laws.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Rules of laws
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_____ is defined as model or typical pattern of something.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Paradigms
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_____ is situations and factors that lead to an event. For example, bullying that preceded a student from hitting another student.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Mitigating circumstances
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Is free will acting on one’s own discretion, not believing in fate?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as programs or government policies that mandated the surgical sterilization, preventing individuals the ability to have children.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Forced sterilization
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_____ is defined as describes how closely scores on a test correspond (correlate) with behavior as measured in other contexts.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Empirical validity
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_____ is act of discouraging an action by instilling doubt or fear of the consequences.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Deterrence
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Is codified arranging laws or rules into a systematic code; for example, state laws are codified?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as factors that increases the severity or culpability of a criminal act, including, but not limited to, heinousness of the crime, lack of remorse, and prior conviction of another crime.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Aggravating circumstances
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Freud argued that the ______ acted as our mediator.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Ego
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Low levels of ______ have been found consistently to be related to criminal offending.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Serotonin
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Willem Bonger developed a theory of crime based on the works of ______, which attributes crime to the characteristics of modern capitalist economies.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Karl Marx
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According to Emile Durkheim, the weakening of social norms, what he refers to as ______, results in increased crime levels.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Anomie
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The ______ test, the forefather of the IQ test, was developed at the beginning of the 20th century.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Binet
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______ is considered the father of the positive school of criminology because he was the first person to apply the scientific method to the study of crime.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Cesare Lombroso
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Charles Darwin wrote which of the following books in 1859, which introduced the theory of evolution and natural selection?
Answer
Correct Answer:
On the Origin of Species
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Which of the following proposed the idea of the “felicific calculus,” which considered humans like calculators figuring the costs and benefits in deciding on the best course of action.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Jeremy Bentham
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The term mens rea refers to the ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Intent of the offender
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During the 18th century, crime was equated with ______.
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Correct Answer:
Sin
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Who first coined the term criminology to refer to the scientific study of crime?
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Correct Answer:
Raffaele Garofalo
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The ______ perspective assumes society consists of groups with competing interests and values that do not agree on what behaviors should be regulated and punished by law.
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Correct Answer:
Conflict/critical
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Which of the following can be defined as atypical and usually the violation of social norms?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Deviant behavior
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Before explaining a certain phenomenon, a theory should first ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Define what it is trying to explain
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Logical consistency and ______ are the two pillars of science.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Empirical validity
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