Brain Development, Sensation and Perception, and Motor Development MCQ
According to ira byock, just over __________ of americans are at home when they die.
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One-fifth
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According to guttmann, sports are ____________, physical contests.
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Autotelic
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In the case of a negative afterimage, a yellow stimulus would produce a _______ afterimage.
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The depth cue of ________ is the most important in the ponzo (railroad track) illusion.
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Perspective convergence
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Contrary to vision and audition, odor _______ is not possible in olfaction.
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Imagery
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_____ is the property of increasing pitch that accompanies increases in the tones frequency.
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Tone height
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Of the oculomotor depth cues, convergence is ___________ than accommodation.
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More effective
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Why are the first 3 years of life considered to be particularly important for neural development?
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Because stimulation during infancy and early childhood influence the number of connections among neurons.
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Research that demonstrated the ability of young children to experience structural brain changes over a period of 15 months after exposure to activities to build music and auditory skills is illustrating ______.
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Plasticity
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What contextual factor has not been shown to influence motor development?
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The number of siblings a baby has.
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Age-related hearing loss is called ______.
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Presbycusis
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The process of the hemispheres becoming specialized to carry out different functions is called ______.
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Lateralization
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Which answer below best describes a 2–3-year-old child’s motor ability?
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Able to run but cannot turn or stop suddenly
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Which of the following is a fine motor skill?
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Pouring milk into a glass
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During early childhood, the corpus callosum grows and begins to myelinate, permitting the two halves of the brain to communicate in more sophisticated and efficient ways and to act as one, enabling the child to do which of the following?
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Execute large and fine motor activities such as catching and throwing a ball or tying shoelaces
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Which of the following is responsible for the improvements in memory, attention, and processing speed?
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Myelination and synaptic pruning
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How do we know that intermodal perception is evident at birth?
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Because neonates have demonstrated the ability to coordinate auditory and visual stimuli
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What is responsible for the maintenance of cognitive abilities and advances in psychosocial maturing in the adult years?
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Neurogenesis
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Jack is an adolescent that has been known to make some poor choices in his behavior. Most recently, he was caught stealing the answers to an upcoming chemistry exam. When he was caught, the teacher asked why he did it and he said, “I don’t know. I am worried about my grade.” Unfortunately, he did not pay attention to the outcome of cheating--an automatic failure for the semester. Why did Jack make the poor choice to cheat?
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Jack’s limbic system developed before his prefrontal cortex, resulting in an emotional response and not a reasoned response.
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How is socioeconomic disadvantage associated with motor development difficulties?
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Through inadequate nutrition and fewer environmental opportunities to practice motor skills
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Which of the following is an example of experience-expectant brain development?
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Mia was born with a congenital cataract in one eye and did not receive treatment early enough, therefore she lost the capacity to process visual stimuli in the affected eye.
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What is the first sense to be developed?
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Touch
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Age-related hearing loss, first to the ______ sounds, gradually spreading is called presbycusis
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High frequency
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A substantial loss of cells in the center area of the retina (the macula), causing blurring and eventual loss of central _____ its onset is influenced by heredity and environmental factors is called macular degeneration is known as macular degeneration
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Vision
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A disease marked by high levels of blood glucose that occurs when the body is unable to regulate the amount of glucose in the bloodstream because there is not enough insulin produced (type 1 diabetes) (type 2 diabetes) is known as
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Diabetes
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_______ is a clouding of the lens of the eye, resulting in blurred, foggy vision; can lead to blindness
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Cataract
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An age-related condition in which the lens becomes less able to adjust its focus on objects at a close range is known as presbyopia
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True
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Intermodal perception is the process of combining information from more than one sensory system such as visual and auditory senses.
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True
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Affordances refers to the actional properties of objects — their nature, opportunities, and limits
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True
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A framework describing motor skills as resulting from ongoing interactions among physical, cognitive, and socioemotional influences and environmental supports in which previously mastered skills are combined to provide more complex and effective ways of exploring and controlling the environment is called
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Dynamic systems
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Fine motor movement is development of the ability to control small movements of the ______ such as reaching and grasping
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Fingers
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________ is development of the ability to control large movements of the body, such as walking and jumping.
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Gross motor development
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An involuntary and automatic response to stimuli is called reflex
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True
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The ability to make flexible and efficient use of available brain resources that permits cognitive efficiency, flexibility, and adaptability; it is cultivated throughout life from experience and environmental factors is called cognitive research
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True
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Amygdala is a brain structure that is part of the limbic system and plays a role in emotion, especially fear and anger.
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True
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A collection of brain structures responsible for emotion is limbic system
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True
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Dual process is model of the brain consisting of two systems, one emotional and the other rational, that develop on different timeframes, accounting for typical adolescent behavior.
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True
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A characteristic of development that refers to malleability, or openness to change in response to experience is called
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Plasticity
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A thick band of nerve fibers that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain, allowing communication is corpus callosum
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Correct Answer:
True
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A process in which ___hemisphere becomes stronger and more adept than the other is hemisphere dominance
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Correct Answer:
One
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The process by which the two hemispheres of the brain become specialized to carry out different functions is lateralization
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Correct Answer:
True
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The process in which ______ are coated in a fatty substance, myelin, which contributes to faster neural communication is called myelination
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Correct Answer:
Neurons
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The process by which neural connections, _______ is called synaptic pruning
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Correct Answer:
Disappear
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Brain growth and development in response to specific learning experiences is called experience independent brain development
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False
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Brain growth and development that is dependent on basic environmental experiences to develop normally is called experience expectant brain development
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Correct Answer:
True
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A type of brain cell that nourishes _____and provides structure to the brain are called glial cells
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Neurons
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A type of brain cell that nourishes _____and provides structure to the brain are called glial cells
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Correct Answer:
Neurons
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A type of brain cell that nourishes _____and provides structure to the brain are called glial cells
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Correct Answer:
Neurons
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The production of new ______ are called neurogenesis
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Correct Answer:
Neurons
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A nerve cell that stores and transmits information; billions of neurons comprise the ______ is called neuron
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Correct Answer:
Brain
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