_____ is known as a statistic that measures the variability of a distribution as the average squared deviation of each score from the mean of all scores.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Variance
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_____ is defined as a feature of a variable’s distribution, referring to the extent to which cases are spread out through the distribution or clustered in only one location.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Variability
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_____ is a distribution of a variable in which there is only one value that is the most frequent.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Unimodal distribution
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Is subtables tables describing the relationship between two variables within the discrete categories of one or more other control variables?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as An association that is not likely to be due to chance, judged by a criterion set by the analyst (often that the probability is less than 5 out of 100 or p < .05).
Answer
Correct Answer:
Statistical significance
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_____ is defined as the square root of the average squared deviation of each case from the mean.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Standard deviation
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_____ is a type of relationship involving three or more variables in which the association between the independent and dependent variables varies across the categories of one or more other control variables.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Specification
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Is skewness a feature of a variable’s distribution; refers to the extent to which cases are clustered more at one or the other end of the distribution rather than around the middle?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as a statistical technique for characterizing the pattern of a relationship between two quantitative variables in terms of a linear equation and for summarizing the strength of this relationship.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Regression analysis
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_____ is defined as the true upper limit in a distribution minus the true lower limit (or the highest rounded value minus the lowest rounded value, plus one).
Answer
Correct Answer:
Range
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_____ is the points in a distribution corresponding to the first 25% of the cases, the first 50% of the cases, and the top 25% of the cases.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Quartiles
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Is positively skewed describes a distribution in which the cases cluster to the left and the right tail of the distribution is longer than the left?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as relative frequencies, computed by dividing the frequency of cases in a particular category by the total number of cases and multiplying by 100.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Percentage
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_____ is defined as an exceptionally high or low value in a distribution.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Outlier
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_____ is a distribution in which cases cluster to the right side and the left tail of the distribution is longer than the right.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Negatively skewed
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Is monotonic relationship a pattern of association in which the value of cases on one variable increases or decreases fairly regularly across the categories of another variable?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as the most frequent value in a distribution, also termed the probability average.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Mode
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_____ is defined as the position average, or the point that divides a distribution in half (the 50th percentile).
Answer
Correct Answer:
Median
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_____ is A type of descriptive statistic that summarizes the strength of an association.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Measure of association
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Is mean the arithmetic or weighted average, computed by adding up the value of all the cases and dividing by the total number of cases?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as the summary distributions in the margins of a cross-tabulation that correspond to the frequency distribution of the row variable and of the column variable.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Marginal distributions
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_____ is defined as the range in a distribution between the end of the first quartile and the beginning of the third quartile.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Interquartile range
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_____ is Mathematical tools for estimating how likely it is that a statistical result based on data from a random sample is representative of the population from which the sample is assumed to have been selected.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Inferential statistics
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Is histogram a graphic for quantitative variables in which the variable’s distribution is displayed with adjacent bars?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as a frequency distribution in which the data are organized into categories, either because there are more values than can be easily displayed or because the distribution of the variable will be clearer or more meaningful.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Grouped frequency distribution
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_____ is defined as a measure of association sometimes used in cross-tabular analyses.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Gamma
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_____ is numerical display showing the number of cases, and usually the percentage of cases (the relative frequencies), corresponding to each value or group of values of a variable.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Frequency distributions
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Is elaboration analysis the process of introducing a third variable into an analysis in order to better understand—to elaborate—the bivariate (two-variable) relationship under consideration; additional control variables also can be introduced?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as statistics used to describe the distribution of and relationship among variables.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Descriptive statistics
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_____ is defined as the process of checking data for errors after the data have been entered in a computer file.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Data cleaning
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_____ is a bivariate (two-variable) distribution showing the distribution of one variable for each category of another variable.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Cross-tabulation (cross-tab)
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Is correlation coefficient (r) a summary statistic that varies from 0 to 1 or -1, with 0 indicating the absence of a linear relationship between two quantitative variables and 1 or -1 indicating that the relationship is completely described by the line representing the regression of the dependent variable on the independent variable?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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Is correlation analysis a standardized statistical technique that summarizes the strength of a relationship between two quantitative variables in terms of its adherence to a linear pattern?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as an inferential statistic used to test hypotheses about relationships between two or more variables in a cross-tabulation.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Chi-square
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_____ is defined as a feature of a variable’s distribution; refers to the value or values around which cases tend to center.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Central tendency
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_____ is a distribution that has two nonadjacent categories with about the same number of cases, and these categories have more cases than any other categories.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Bimodal distribution
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Is base N the total number of cases in a distribution?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as a graphic for qualitative variables in which the variable’s distribution is displayed with solid bars separated by spaces.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Bar chart
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A regression analysis can include more than two variables simultaneously when estimating variable effects.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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A Pearson’s r correlation coefficient measures the association between two categorical variables.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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The most widely used inferential statistic to test a hypothesis about two or more variables in a cross-tabulation is the chi-square statistic.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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Statistical significance means that an association is not likely to be due to chance.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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A cross-tabulation table reveals four aspects of the association between two variables including existence, strength, direction, and pattern.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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The variance is the average squared deviation of each score from the mean of all scores.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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The standard deviation is the highest value in a distribution minus the lowest value in a distribution.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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The mode is greatly affected by outliers in a distribution.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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The mean is the arithmetic average of all scores in a distribution.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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The median is the most frequent value in a distribution.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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A bar chart is useful for graphically displaying ratio level variables.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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Skewness is a feature of a variable’s distribution that refers to the clustering of the data at one end of the distribution or the other.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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Inferential statistics are statistics used to describe the distribution of variables.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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A frequency distribution is a numerical display of the number (and usually percentage) of cases for each value or group of values.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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