Statistical inference is ______.Your answer Choice Correct? Score Correct answer
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Making supportable conjectures about the unknown characteristics of a population based on sample statistics
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A researcher might use a snowball sample if individuals in the population are hard to identify or locate.
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True
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The difference between a sampling fraction and a sampling interval is that the sampling fraction indicates the relationship between the sample and population sizes while the sampling interval describes the number of elements that are skipped when drawing a sample.
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True
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The ______ is the number of elements in a sampling frame divided by the desired sample size.
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Sampling interval
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____ samples are samples for which each element in the total population has a known probability of being included in the sample.
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Probability
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A sampling unit ______.
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Is an entity listed in a sampling frame
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If some of the elements of a population of interest to a research question are not included in the sampling frame, ______.
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Then any data collected may not be representative of the population
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Numerical or quantitative indicators such as a percent or average that describe a population are called ______.
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Population parameters
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Any subset of units collected in some manner from a population is a ______.
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Sample
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Any well-defined set of units of analysis is a ______.
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Population
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______ sample is a probability sample in which elements are selected from a list at predetermined intervals.
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Systematic sample
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A subgroup of a population that shares one or more characteristics is known as stratum
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True
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________ is a probability sample in which elements sharing one or more characteristics are grouped and elements are selected from each group in proportion to the group’s representation in the total population.
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Stratified sample
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The mathematical theory and techniques for making conjectures about the unknown characteristics (parameters) of populations based on samples is called non statistical inference
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False
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A _____ sample in which potential respondents are identified by respondents already participating in the sample is called snowball sample
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Non Probability sample
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A _______ sample in which each element has an equal chance of being selected is called simple random same
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Probability sample
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The entity listed in a sampling frame. It may be the same as an element, or it may be a group or cluster of elements is called
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Sampling unit
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The number of elements in a sampling frame divided by the desired sample size is called
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Sampling interval
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The population from which a sample is drawn. Ideally, it is the same as the total population of interest to a study is known as
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Sampling frame
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The proportion of the population included in a sample is called
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Sampling fraction
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The difference between a sample estimate and a corresponding population parameter that arises because only a portion of a population is observed is called
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Sampling error
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A theoretical (nonobserved) distribution of sample statistics calculated on samples of size N that, if known, permits the calculation of confidence intervals and the test of statistical hypotheses is called sampling introduction
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True
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Sample statistic is the estimator of a population characteristic or attribute that is calculated from sample data
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True
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The bias that occurs whenever some elements of a population are systematically excluded from a sample. It is usually due to an incomplete sampling frame or a nonprobability method of selecting elements is known as sample bias
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True
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______ is a subset of observations or cases drawn from a specified population.
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Sample
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A nonprobability sample in which elements are sampled in proportion to their representation in the population.
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Quota sample
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_______ sample is a nonprobability sample in which a researcher uses discretion in selecting elements for observation.
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Purposive sample
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A probability sample that draws elements from a stratified population at a rate proportional to the size of the samples is called
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Proportionate sample
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A sample for which each element in the total population has a known probability of being selected is called
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Probability sample
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_______ is a characteristic or an attribute in a population (not a sample) that can be quantified
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Population parameter
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All the cases or observations covered by a hypothesis; all the units of analysis to which a hypothesis applies is called ______
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Population
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A sample for which each ______ in the total population has an unknown probability of being selected is called non probability sample
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Element
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The mean or average value of a sample statistic based on repeated samples from a population is called expected value
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True
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Estimator is a statistic based on sample observations that is used to estimate the numerical value of an unknown population parameter.
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True
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A particular case or entity about which information is collected; the unit of analysis is called
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Element
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A stratified sample in which elements sharing a characteristic are underrepresented or overrepresented in the sample is known as
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Disproportionate sample
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___________ is a nonprobability sample in which the selection of elements is determined by the researcher’s convenience
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Convenience sample
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A probability sample that is used when no list of elements exists. The sampling frame initially consists of clusters of elements known as
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Cluster sample
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