Hypotheses, Concepts, Variables in Political Science MCQ
Hypotheses, Concepts, Variables in Political Science MCQ
1. Political scientists use concepts to describe human behavior or attributes. The terms that define concepts in part are accurate, informative, and precise.
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Correct Answer:
True
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2. Which of the following hypotheses predicts a positive relationship?
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Correct Answer:
Greater numbers of troops in an army cause greater expenditures on logistics.
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3. Which of the following was identified as a characteristic of a good hypothesis?
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Correct Answer:
It is stated as a generality.
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4. When we assert that variation in variable X causes variation in variable Y, we are stating that the covariation between X and Y is spurious.
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Correct Answer:
False
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5. An intervening variable ______.
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Occurs closer in time to the dependent variable and is itself affected by other independent variables
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6. A variable that occurs prior to all other variables and that may affect other independent variables is called a(n) antecedent variable.
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Correct Answer:
True
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7. Constants are concepts that do not change. They play an important part in political science relationships.
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False
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8. A concept that does not have any variation across observations is called a ______.
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Constant
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9. A(n) independent variable is thought to be caused, to depend upon, or to be a function of a(n) dependent variable.
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False
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10. A(n) ______ variable is thought to influence, affect, or cause some other phenomenon.
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Independent
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11. Validity refers to the degree of correspondence between the measure and the concept it is thought to measure.
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Correct Answer:
True
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12. The type of actor (individual, group, institution, nation) specified in a ______ is called unit of analysis
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Correct Answer:
Researcher’s hypothesis
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13. ______ method Involves applying the same measure to the same observations at two periods in time, then comparing the results to test for measurement reliability.
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Correct Answer:
Test retest method
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14. A hypothesis in which the independent and dependent variables are identical, making it impossible to disconfirm is called tautology
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Correct Answer:
True
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15. Split half method is a method of testing reliability by applying ____ measures of the same concept at the same time. The results of the two measures are then compared .
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Correct Answer:
Two
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16. The consistency of results from a procedure or measure in repeated tests or trials is called reliability
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Correct Answer:
True
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17. Ratio level measurement is a type of measurement which involves the full mathematical properties of numbers and contains the most possible information about a measured concept.
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Correct Answer:
True
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18. An error in measurement that has no systematic direction or cause is called
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Random measurement error
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19. ______ is an interval- or ratio-level measure. A measure with numerical properties.
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Quantitative measure
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20. The extent to which measurements are complete and informative is known as
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Precision
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21. A relationship in which the values of one variable increase (or decrease) as the values of another variable increase (or decrease) is known as
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Positive relationship
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22. ______ indicates that the values assigned to a variable can be compared in terms of having more or less of a particular attribute
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Correct Answer:
Ordinal level measure
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23. The process of assigning numerals or scores to a variable to represent the values of a concept is known as operationalization
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Correct Answer:
True
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24. Non-operational definitions are the rules by which a concept is measured and scores assigned.
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Correct Answer:
False
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25. Nominal level measure indicates that the values assigned to a variable represent only different categories or classifications for that variable
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Correct Answer:
True
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26. A relationship in which high values of one variable are associated with low values of another variable or in which low values of one variable are associated with high values of another variable is called
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Correct Answer:
Negative relationship
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27. A type of measurement error that results in systematically over- or under measuring the value of a concept is known as
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Correct Answer:
Measurement bias
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28. Level of measurement refers to the type of information that we think our measurements contain and the ______ properties they possess. Determines the type of comparisons that can be made across a number of observations on the same variable
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Correct Answer:
Mathematical
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29. A variable coming between an independent variable and a dependent variable in an explanatory scheme is called
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Intervening variable
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30. Interval level measures includes the properties of the nominal level (characteristics are different) and the ordinal level (characteristics can be put in a meaningful order). But unlike nominal and ordinal measures.
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Correct Answer:
True
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31. The phenomenon thought to influence, affect, or cause some other phenomenon is called
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Dependent variable
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32. ______ is a tentative or provisional or unconfirmed statement that can (in principle) be verified.
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Correct Answer:
Hypothesis
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33. When a measure appears to accurately measure the concept it is supposed to measure. Face validity may only be asserted, rather than empirically demonstrated, because face validity is essentially a _______ is called face validity
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Correct Answer:
Matter of judgment
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34. Ecological inference is the process of inferring a relationship between characteristics of individuals based on group or aggregate data.
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Correct Answer:
True
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35. Discriminant construct validity is fallacy of deducing a false relationship between the attributes or behavior of individuals based on observing that relationship for groups to which the individuals belong
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Correct Answer:
True
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36. Discriminant construct validity is a method of demonstrating validity by comparing two measures that theoretically are expected not to be related. If the measures do not correlate with one another, then discriminant construct validity is demonstrated.
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Correct Answer:
True
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37. A hypothesis that specifies the expected relationship between two or more variables is called
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Correct Answer:
Directional hypothesis
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38. Dichotomous variable with only _____ categories—these variables are special cases as they can be used at the nominal, ordinal, or even ratio level.
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Correct Answer:
Two
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39. The phenomenon thought to be influenced, affected, or caused by some other phenomenon is called
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Correct Answer:
Dependent variable
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40. The use of data at one level of aggregation to make inferences at another level of aggregation is called cross level analysis
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Correct Answer:
True
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41. When a measure of a concept is related to a measure of another concept with which the original concept is thought to be associated is known as
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Correct Answer:
Convergent construct
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42. ______ validity involves determining the full domain or meaning of a particular concept and then making sure that all components of the meaning are included in the measure
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Content
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43. ______ validity demonstrated for a measure by showing that it is related to the measure of another concept
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Construct
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44. A concept or variable whose values do not vary is called
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Correct Answer:
Constant
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45. A _____ measured using categories. A nominal- or ordinal-level measure is known as categorical measure
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Correct Answer:
Variable
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46. ______ diagram is a pictorial representation of a researcher’s explanatory scheme
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Correct Answer:
Arrow diagram
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47. An independent variable that precedes other independent variables in time is known as
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Correct Answer:
Antecedent variable
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48. A method of testing measurement reliability. Measures the same concept more than once, but it uses two different measures of the same concept rather than the same measure. These measures are then compared. If they yield similar results, the measures are considered reliable is called non- alternative-form method
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Correct Answer:
False
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