A case study in which a _____ is traced from causal condition to final outcome is called process tracing
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Correct Answer:
Causal mechanism
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An approach to demonstrating or understanding causation by focusing on the _____ by which a cause leads to an outcome.
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Correct Answer:
Mechanism
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A necessary cause is a condition that must be present in order for the outcome to occur.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Process tracing refers to a case in which theory predicts an outcome is most likely to occur.
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Correct Answer:
False
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Deviant cases are cases that exhibit all of the factors thought to lead to a particular outcome, but in which the outcome does not occur.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Which of the following types of tests provide certain and unique evidence?
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Correct Answer:
Doubly decisive tests
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Investigations of causal mechanisms are typically included in ______.
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Correct Answer:
Hypotheses-testing case studies
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Researchers who study several cases of conflicts between nations to identify the key factors that seem to have led either to the outbreak of war or peaceful resolution of conflict are conducting ______.
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Correct Answer:
Hypotheses-generating case studies
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Which of the following types of case studies are considered to be a narrative or recounting of events?
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Correct Answer:
Idiographic
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Case study designs involve a large number of cases.
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Correct Answer:
False
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Process tracing studies use inductive reasoning.
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Correct Answer:
False
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______ provide unique evidence, but not certain evidence.
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Correct Answer:
Smoking-gun tests
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A condition with which the outcome is always found is called sufficient case
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Correct Answer:
True
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A case study that is not expected to provide a definitive test of the connection between a cause and an outcome, but is expected to contribute to conducting such a test in the future is called plausibility probes
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Correct Answer:
True
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A condition that must be present in order for the outcome to occur is called
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Correct Answer:
Necessary cause
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Most likely case is a case in which ____ predicts an outcome is most likely to occur.
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Correct Answer:
Theory
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Method of difference is non-comparative strategy wherein the researcher selects cases in which the outcomes differ, compares the cases looking for the single factor that the cases do not have in common, and concludes that this factor is causal.
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Correct Answer:
False
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A comparative strategy wherein the researcher selects cases that share the same outcome and identifies those conditions or causal factors that the cases also have in common is called method of agreement
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Correct Answer:
True
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A case in which it is expected that a ____ is least likely to apply is called least likely case
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Correct Answer:
Theory
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Idiographic case study is a type of case study that attempts to describe, explain, or interpret a singular historical episode with no intention of generalizing beyond the case.
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Correct Answer:
True
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A type of case study that attempts to test hypothesized empirical relationships is called
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Correct Answer:
Hypothesis-testing case study
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A type of case study that attempts to develop from one or more cases some general __________ that can be tested in future research is called hypothesis-generation case study
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Correct Answer:
Theoretical propositions
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A case that exhibits all of the factors thought to lead to a particular outcome, but in which the outcome does not occur is called deviant case
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Correct Answer:
True
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Counterfactual understanding of causation is the logical argument that support for the claim that A causes B is demonstrated by a case in which A is absent and B does not occur.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Causally _____ population is a population in which a given cause can be expected to have the same causal relationship with the outcome across cases in the population
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Correct Answer:
Homogeneous
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Casually _____ population is a population in which a given cause might have many different effects across different cases or the same cause is linked to the same outcome through different causal mechanisms
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Correct Answer:
Heterogenous
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A comprehensive and in-depth ______ study of a single case or several cases. A nonexperimental design in which the investigator has little control over events is called case study design
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Correct Answer:
Qualitative
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