In a ______, the researcher examines one or a few cases of a phenomenon in considerable detail, typically using several data collection methods such as personal interviews, document analysis, and observation.
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Small N design
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The experimental research design often suffers from ______.
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Weak external validity
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The extent to which the results of an experiment can be generalized across populations, times, and settings is referred to as external validity.
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True
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Including only sophomores from a single college in the sample can affect internal validity.
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False
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Differences between the answers to a pretest and a posttest are generally considered to ______.
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Demonstrate the effect of the experimental variable
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The time, location, and other physical aspects are considered to be extraneous factors or influences that might affect the dependent variable.
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True
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A pretest is used in which type of research design?
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Correct Answer:
Experiment
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The best way to create representative experimental and control groups is by assigning participants through ______.
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Randomization
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Correlation and causation are interchangeable as they capture the same idea--that there is a relationship between two or more concepts.
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False
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A research design is a plan that shows how one intends to study an empirical question.
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True
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Bias due to the assignment of subjects to experimental and control groups according to some criterion and not randomly; threat to _____ validity is called selection bias
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Internal
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Research design is a plan specifying how the _____ intends to fulfill the goals of the study; a logical plan for testing hypotheses.
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Researchers
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The random assignment of subjects to _______________ is called randomization.
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Experimental and control groups.
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Pretest is a measurement of variables prior to the administration of the experimental treatment or manipulation of the independent variable.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Quantitative research designs in which the research examines many cases of a phenomenon is known as ______
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Large N values
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_______ is the ability to show that manipulation or variation of the independent variable actually causes the dependent variable to change.
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Internal validity
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The ability to generalize from one set of research findings to other situations is called
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External validity
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________ is a differential loss of subjects from experimental and control groups that affects the equivalency of groups; threat to internal validity.
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Experimental mortality
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A group of subjects that receives the experimental treatment or test stimulus is known as
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Experimental group
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________ effect is effect, usually measured numerically, of the experimental variable on the dependent variable
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Correct Answer:
Experimental effect .
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Research using a research design in which the researcher controls exposure to the test factor or independent variable, the assignment of subjects to groups, and the measurement of responses is known as
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Experiment.
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An approach to causal questions that starts with a potential cause and works forward to measure its impact on the outcome. Emphasis on measuring the size of the effect that a cause has on an outcome is called the effect of causes approach.
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True
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Demand characteristics is aspects of the research situation that cause participants to guess the purpose or rationale of the study and adjust their behavior or opinions accordingly
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True
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A statement that the values or states of one thing ________ vary with the values or states of another; an association between two variables.
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Systematically
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A group of _____ that does not receive the experimental treatment or test stimulus.
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Subjects
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An experiment with the random assignment of subjects to experimental and control groups with a pretest and posttest for both groups is called classical non randomized experiment
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Correct Answer:
False
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Causes of effects approach is an approach to causal questions that starts with an outcome and works backward to the causes. Emphasis is on identifying causes of outcomes.
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Correct Answer:
True
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