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Climatology MCQ

1. What is the definition of aphelion?

The point where the earth is farthest from the sun while not in its orbit

The point where the earth is farthest from the sun while in its orbit

A planet's orbit around the sun

The point where the earth is nearest to the sun while in its orbit

Answer

Correct Answer: The point where the earth is farthest from the sun while in its orbit

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2. What is the top part of a cumulonimbus cloud called?

Base

Middle

Apex

Anvil

Answer

Correct Answer: Anvil

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3. Which of the following is true about an anticyclone?

It circulates clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.

It circulates counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere.

It is associated with a high atmospheric pressure.

It is associated with a low atmospheric pressure.

Answer

Correct Answer: It is associated with a high atmospheric pressure.

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4. What is an anemometer?

An instrument that measures wind speed.

An instrument that measures humidity.

An instrument that measures air pressure.

An instrument that measures wind direction.

Answer

Correct Answer: An instrument that measures wind speed.

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5. Overcast clouds are an example of which cloud type?

Stratus

Cirrus

Altostratus

Cumulonimbus

Answer

Correct Answer: Altostratus

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6. What type of cloud is altocumulus?

A middle cloud type that is white and/or gray in color

A middle cloud type that is black and/or gray in color

A high cloud type that is white and/or gray in color

A low cloud type that is white and/or gray in color

Answer

Correct Answer: A middle cloud type that is white and/or gray in color

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7. What is the definition of "altitude"?

The horizontal distance between two points

The distance traveled per unit of time

The vertical distance above a certain level, usually sea level or ground level.

The degree to which something is different from the norm

Answer

Correct Answer: The vertical distance above a certain level, usually sea level or ground level.

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8. What is an altimeter?

An instrument that measures the altitude of something with respect to a set level.

A machine that helps you see in the dark

A tool used to measure the direction of something

A device used to measure altitude

Answer

Correct Answer: An instrument that measures the altitude of something with respect to a set level.

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9. What does an air mass have?

Different temperature, moisture, and stability properties.

Same temperature and moisture properties.

Same temperature, moisture, and stability properties.

Same temperature and stability properties.

Answer

Correct Answer: Same temperature, moisture, and stability properties.

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10. What is a consol?

A type of sail

A game console from the early 2000s

Particulate matter put into the atmosphere.

A medical procedure

Answer

Correct Answer: Particulate matter put into the atmosphere.

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11. What is particulate matter put into the atmosphere an example of?

Ash

Smoke

Consol

Dust

Answer

Correct Answer: Consol

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12. What is advection?

The transfer of energy from one substance to another due to a temperature gradient

A severe weather condition characterized by low temperatures and strong winds

The process by which heat is transferred from one molecule to another by means of conduction, convection, and radiation

Horizontal transport of temperature, pressure, moisture or some other atmospheric attribute solely by the wind.

Answer

Correct Answer: Horizontal transport of temperature, pressure, moisture or some other atmospheric attribute solely by the wind.

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13. What is the pH of natural rainwater?

5.6

4.6

2.5

6.5

Answer

Correct Answer: 5.6

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14. What is the likelihood of a 100-Year Flood occurring?

One-in-100

One-in-1,000

Ten-in-100

Fifty-Fifty

Answer

Correct Answer: One-in-100

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15. Climate in a narrow sense is defined as the average weather over what time period?

1,000 years

30 years

100 years

1 year

Answer

Correct Answer: 30 years

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16. What is Weather?

Instrument used to measure weather conditions

Atmospheric condition at any given time or place

A type of animal

Meadows and farmland

Answer

Correct Answer: Atmospheric condition at any given time or place

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17. What is the study of weather called?

Meteorology

Biology

Geography

Chemistry

Answer

Correct Answer: Meteorology

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18. What is wastewater?

Sewage

Dirty water that is not potable

Water that has been contaminated by industrial waste

Water that has been used and contains dissolved or suspended waste materials.

Answer

Correct Answer: Water that has been used and contains dissolved or suspended waste materials.

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19. What is the definition of "vulnerability"?

The degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of weather

The degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change

Answer

Correct Answer: The degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change

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20. When did the Convention enter into force?

12 December 1995

21 March 1994

3 September 1992

17 January 1996

Answer

Correct Answer: 21 March 1994

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21. How many countries have ratified the UNFCCC?

143

189

Answer

Correct Answer: 189

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22. Ultraviolet radiation is which percent of the total energy emitted from the sun?

2 percent

15 percent

5 percent

33 percent

Answer

Correct Answer: 5 percent

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23. What is the name of the energy range just beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum?

Visible light

X-rays

Infrared radiation

Ultraviolet radiation

Answer

Correct Answer: Ultraviolet radiation

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24. Tundra is characteristic of which regions?

Arctic and sub-Arctic regions

Tropical regions

Alpine regions

Temperate regions

Answer

Correct Answer: Arctic and sub-Arctic regions

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25. In which layer of the atmosphere does weather phenomena occur?

Mesosphere

Stratosphere

Troposphere

Thermosphere

Answer

Correct Answer: Troposphere

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26. Which is not a trace gas?

Nitrogen

Carbon dioxide

Methane

Water vapor

Answer

Correct Answer: Nitrogen

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27. The thermohaline circulation is caused by _____.

Differences in temperature and salinity

Poleward transport

Deep water flow

Surface water flow

Answer

Correct Answer: Differences in temperature and salinity

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28. What is the main reason for sea level rise?

Plate Tectonics

Thermal Expansion

Greenhouse Gases

Melting of Ice Caps

Answer

Correct Answer: Thermal Expansion

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29. What is the SI unit of Teragram?

Billion metric tons

Million metric tons

Trillion metric tons

Trillion grams

Answer

Correct Answer: Trillion grams

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30. How many metric tons are there in 1 trillion grams?

10 million (107) metric tons

100 million (108) metric tons

1 million (106) metric tons

1 billion (109) metric tons

Answer

Correct Answer: 1 million (106) metric tons

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31. What is the global warming potential of SF6?

22,800

8,200

28,800

2,200

Answer

Correct Answer: 22,800

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32. What do sulfate aerosols do?

Injects heat into the atmosphere

Lower the Earth's temperature by reflecting away solar radiation

Cause global warming

Increase the Earth's temperature by reflecting solar radiation

Answer

Correct Answer: Lower the Earth's temperature by reflecting away solar radiation

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33. Subsidence is best defined as:

The study of plant and animal life in a given area.

The process of erosion.

A measure of the amount of water in a given area.

The downward settling of the Earth's crust relative to its surroundings.

Answer

Correct Answer: The downward settling of the Earth's crust relative to its surroundings.

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34. What does streamflow measure?

The vertical height of water that moves over a designated point over a fixed period of time.

The density of water that moves over a designated point over a fixed period of time.

The speed of water that moves over a designated point over a fixed period of time.

The volume of water that moves over a designated point over a fixed period of time.

Answer

Correct Answer: The volume of water that moves over a designated point over a fixed period of time.

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35. Which of the following best describes the stratosphere?

The stratosphere is the region of the atmosphere between the lithosphere and the hydrosphere.

The stratosphere is the region of the atmosphere above the mesosphere.

The stratosphere is the region of the atmosphere below the troposphere.

The stratosphere is the region of the atmosphere between the troposphere and mesosphere.

Answer

Correct Answer: The stratosphere is the region of the atmosphere between the troposphere and mesosphere.

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36. What is the lower boundary of the stratosphere?

10 km at the poles to 20 km at the equator

8 km at the poles to 15 km at the equator

5 km at the poles to 12 km at the equator

2 km at the poles to 18 km at the equator

Answer

Correct Answer: 8 km at the poles to 15 km at the equator

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37. What is storm surge?

A tropical cyclone

A measure of a hurricane's wind speed

The highest point of a wave

An abnormal rise in sea level accompanying a hurricane or other intense storm

Answer

Correct Answer: An abnormal rise in sea level accompanying a hurricane or other intense storm

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38. What is another name for solar radiation?

Ultraviolet radiation

Radiation

Short-wave radiation

Long-wave radiation

Answer

Correct Answer: Short-wave radiation

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39. What is solar radiation?

Infrared radiation

Radiation from a nuclear reactor

Radiation emitted by the sun

UV radiation

Answer

Correct Answer: Radiation emitted by the sun

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40. Which of the following is not a factor that determines the amount of carbon in the soil?

Soil productivity

Climatic variables

Decomposition rates

Historical vegetative cover

Answer

Correct Answer: Climatic variables

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41. What is Snowpack?

A rock band from the 80s

A type of mineral deposit

A seasonal accumulation of slow-melting snow.

A snowmobile race

Answer

Correct Answer: A seasonal accumulation of slow-melting snow.

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42. Remove what from the atmosphere?

Hydrofluorocarbons

Ozone

Greenhouse gas

Chlorofluorocarbons

Answer

Correct Answer: Greenhouse gas

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43. How many pounds are in a short ton?

1,000

2,000

4,000

3,000

Answer

Correct Answer: 2,000

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44. What is the definition of Sensitivity?

The degree to which a system is maximally responsive to climate variability or change.

The degree to which a system is beneficial to climate variability or change.

The degree to which a system is unresponsive to climate variability or change.

The degree to which a system is affected, either adversely or beneficially, by climate variability or change.

Answer

Correct Answer: The degree to which a system is affected, either adversely or beneficially, by climate variability or change.

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45. What is Sea Surface Temperature?

The temperature in the top several feet of the ocean, measured by ships, buoys and drifters.

The temperature of the Earth's atmosphere

The average temperature of the Earth's oceans

The temperature at the Earth's surface

Answer

Correct Answer: The temperature in the top several feet of the ocean, measured by ships, buoys and drifters.

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46. What is the cause of salt water intrusion?

Location

Density

Pollution

Salinity

Answer

Correct Answer: Density

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47. What is the process of converting organic matter to CO2 called?

Resuscitation

Respiration

Improvisation

Metabolism

Answer

Correct Answer: Respiration

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48. What is the meaning of resilience?

The ability to recover from or adjust easily to misfortune or change

The ability to spring back into shape

The ability to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions

The ability to work hard and long hours

Answer

Correct Answer: The ability to recover from or adjust easily to misfortune or change

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49. What is the average time spent in a reservoir by an individual atom or molecule?

Residence time is the average time spent in a reservoir by an individual.

Residence time is the average time spent in a reservoir by an individual atom or molecule.

Residence time is the average time spent in a reservoir.

Answer

Correct Answer: Residence time is the average time spent in a reservoir by an individual atom or molecule.

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50. Which of the following is not a renewable energy resource?

Biomass

Solar

Fossil Fuels

Hydro

Answer

Correct Answer: Fossil Fuels

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51. Relative sea level rise is measured with respect to a specified vertical datum relative to:

The sun

The land

The moon

The stars

Answer

Correct Answer: The land

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52. Reforestation is the practice of:

Intensification forestry

Selective logging

Planting of forests on land that have previously contained forests

Clearcutting

Answer

Correct Answer: Planting of forests on land that have previously contained forests

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53. What is the definition of reflectivity?

The ability of a surface material to reflect sunlight including the visible, infrared, and ultraviolet wavelengths.

The ability of a surface material to transmit sunlight including the visible, infrared, and ultraviolet wavelengths.

The ability of a surface material to absorb sunlight including the visible, infrared, and ultraviolet wavelengths.

The ability of a surface material to refract sunlight including the visible, infrared, and ultraviolet wavelengths.

Answer

Correct Answer: The ability of a surface material to reflect sunlight including the visible, infrared, and ultraviolet wavelengths.

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54. What does recycling involve?

Burying materials

Burning materials

Collecting and reprocessing a resource so it can be used again

Throwing away materials

Answer

Correct Answer: Collecting and reprocessing a resource so it can be used again

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55. Radiative forcing is a measure of the influence of a particular factor on what?

The Earth's surface temperature

The rate of the Earth's biodiversity loss

The amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface

The net change in the Earths energy balance

Answer

Correct Answer: The net change in the Earths energy balance

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56. What is Radiation?

The process of making stars

The study of rocks

A person who is sick

Energy transfer in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles that release energy when absorbed by an object.

Answer

Correct Answer: Energy transfer in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles that release energy when absorbed by an object.

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57. What is the Earths axis?

The layer of rock that makes up the Earth's crust

The point where the Earth's crust and mantle meet

The line through the North and South Poles

The force that pulls objects towards the center of the Earth

Answer

Correct Answer: The line through the North and South Poles

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58. Which gas is released during photosynthesis?

Oxygen

Helium

Neon

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Correct Answer: Oxygen

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59. What is the study of the timing of natural events called?

Phenology

Phonology

Phrenology

Physiology

Answer

Correct Answer: Phenology

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60. What is the definition of permafrost?

Perennially frozen ground that occurs where the temperature remains below 0ºC for several years.

Ground that is frozen all year that occurs where the temperature remains below 0ºC for several years.

Ground that is only frozen in the winter that occurs where the temperature remains below 0ºC for several years.

Permanently frozen ground that occurs where the temperature remains below 0ºC for several years.

Answer

Correct Answer: Perennially frozen ground that occurs where the temperature remains below 0ºC for several years.

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61. Which of the following is not a characteristic of PFCs?

PFCs are powerful greenhouse gases

PFCs are emitted as by-products of industrial processes

PFCs do not harm the stratospheric ozone layer

PFCs were introduced as alternatives to the ozone depleting substances

Answer

Correct Answer: PFCs do not harm the stratospheric ozone layer

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62. What is the GWP of CF4?

1,000

10,000

5,000

7,390

Answer

Correct Answer: 7,390

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63. What does ppmv stand for?

Percent Per Million by Volume

Percent by Million by Volume

Parts Per Million by Weight

Parts Per Million by Volume

Answer

Correct Answer: Parts Per Million by Volume

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64. What number of parts of a chemical are found in one million parts of a gas, liquid, or solid?

100

0.1

Answer

Correct Answer: 1

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65. What is the meaning of ppb?

Number of parts of a chemical found in ten parts of a particular gas, liquid, or solid mixture.

Number of parts of a chemical found in one billion parts of a particular gas, liquid, or solid mixture.

Number of parts of a chemical found in one thousand parts of a particular gas, liquid, or solid mixture.

Number of parts of a chemical found in one million parts of a particular gas, liquid, or solid mixture.

Answer

Correct Answer: Number of parts of a chemical found in one billion parts of a particular gas, liquid, or solid mixture.

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66. What does PPB stand for?

Parts Per Trillion

Parts Per Million

Parts Per Billion

Percent Per Billion

Answer

Correct Answer: Parts Per Billion

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67. What is particulate matter?

A type of particle

A type of pollution

Very small pieces of solid or liquid matter such as particles of soot, dust, fumes, mists or consols.

A feedback mechanism of the atmosphere

Answer

Correct Answer: Very small pieces of solid or liquid matter such as particles of soot, dust, fumes, mists or consols.

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68. What are Ozone Precursors?

Chemical compounds which react with other chemical compounds to form oxygen

Chemical compounds which react with other chemical compounds to form water

Chemical compounds which react with other chemical compounds to form nitrogen

Chemical compounds which react with other chemical compounds to form ozone

Answer

Correct Answer: Chemical compounds which react with other chemical compounds to form ozone

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69. What is the highest natural concentration of ozone?

5 parts per million by volume

10 parts per million by volume

15 parts per million by volume

20 parts per million by volume

Answer

Correct Answer: 10 parts per million by volume

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70. What is the primary pollutant released from ODSs?

Nitrogen oxides

Carbon dioxide

Chlorofluorocarbons

Sulfur dioxide

Answer

Correct Answer: Chlorofluorocarbons

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71. Which of the following is not an ODS?

Hydrochlorofluorocarbons

Bromofluorocarbons

Methyl bromide

Chlorofluorocarbons

Answer

Correct Answer: Methyl bromide

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72. What causes ozone to be created in the stratosphere?

The interaction between visible light and molecular oxygen (O2)

The interaction between solar ultraviolet radiation and molecular oxygen (O2)

The interaction between solar ultraviolet radiation and molecular nitrogen (N2)

The interaction between ultraviolet radiation and molecular oxygen (O3)

Answer

Correct Answer: The interaction between solar ultraviolet radiation and molecular oxygen (O2)

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73. What does it mean to oxidize a substance?

To physically transform a substance by combining it with oxygen

To chemically transform a substance by combining it with nitrogen

To physically transform a substance by combining it with nitrogen

To chemically transform a substance by combining it with oxygen

Answer

Correct Answer: To chemically transform a substance by combining it with oxygen

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74. Which of the following is NOT a consequence of ocean acidification?

Increased calcification rates of calcifying organisms

Reduced pH levels in oceans

Increased concentrations of carbon dioxide in sea water

Reduced calcification rates of calcifying organisms

Answer

Correct Answer: Increased calcification rates of calcifying organisms

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75. What is the full form of NMVOCs?

New Media and Voltage-Operated Currents

Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds

Normative Measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds

Non-Mandatory Vacation Opportunities for Children

Answer

Correct Answer: Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds

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76. Which of the following is NOT a major source of nitrous oxide?

Nitric acid production

Fossil fuel combustion

Soil cultivation practices

Investment banking

Answer

Correct Answer: Investment banking

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77. Which of the following is not a source of Nitrous Oxide?

Soil cultivation

Solar energy

Nitric acid production

Fossil fuel combustion

Answer

Correct Answer: Solar energy

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78. What is the main health consequence of Nitrogen Oxides?

They contribute to the formation of smog.

They have no health consequences.

They are considered pollutants.

They are used in vehicle exhausts.

Answer

Correct Answer: They are considered pollutants.

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79. What is the Nitrogen Cycle?

The Nitrogen in Earth's atmosphere

The process of nitrogen being exchanged between various forms in the environment

The way that nitrogen is used and reused by plants and animals

The natural circulation of nitrogen among the atmosphere, plants, animals, and microorganisms that live in soil and water.

Answer

Correct Answer: The natural circulation of nitrogen among the atmosphere, plants, animals, and microorganisms that live in soil and water.

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80. What are the two main types of factors that contribute to natural variability?

Internal processes of the climate system and changes in external influences

Changes in the output of the sun and volcanic activity

El Niño and changes in external influences

Natural variations in climate over time and El Niño

Answer

Correct Answer: Internal processes of the climate system and changes in external influences

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81. What are the main components of natural gas?

Oxygen and nitrogen

Methane and small amounts of heavier gaseous hydrocarbon compounds

Ammonia and Nitrogen

Carbon dioxide and water vapor

Answer

Correct Answer: Methane and small amounts of heavier gaseous hydrocarbon compounds

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82. What is Municipal Solid Waste?

Solid waste from households

Non-hazardous industrial wastes

Hazardous commercial, institutional, and industrial wastes

Non-hazardous commercial, institutional, and industrial wastes

Answer

Correct Answer: Non-hazardous commercial, institutional, and industrial wastes

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83. How long did the eruption of Mount Pinatubo last?

2 weeks

3 weeks

5 days

3 days

Answer

Correct Answer: 3 days

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84. How many pounds is a metric ton?

2200

4410

1000

2205

Answer

Correct Answer: 2205

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85. Which of the following is not a method of methane production?

Production and distribution of natural gas

Anaerobic digestion

Decomposition of animal wastes

Burning fossil fuels

Answer

Correct Answer: Burning fossil fuels

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86. What is the global warming potential of methane?

Answer

Correct Answer: 25

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87. Which of the following is not a megacity?

Mexico City

Shanghai

New York City

London

Answer

Correct Answer: London

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88. What is the population of a megacity?

1-10 million

Over 10 million

10-100 million

100 million or more

Answer

Correct Answer: Over 10 million

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89. What is the lower limit of the wavelength of longwave radiation?

8 micrometers

6 micrometers

2 micrometers

4 micrometers

Answer

Correct Answer: 4 micrometers

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90. Which of the following is not a type of longwave radiation?

Visible Radiation

Terrestrial Radiation

Ultraviolet Radiation

Infrared Radiation

Answer

Correct Answer: Ultraviolet Radiation

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91. Which of the following is NOT an indicator of a Least Developed Country?

Human Resources

Economic Vulnerability

Socioeconomic Development

Low Income

Answer

Correct Answer: Economic Vulnerability

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92. Lines of latitude are ____________ to the equator.

Oblique

Parallel

Transverse

Perpendicular

Answer

Correct Answer: Parallel

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93. What is the North Pole's latitude?

90 degrees South

45 degrees North

90 degrees North

0 degrees North

Answer

Correct Answer: 90 degrees North

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94. How is waste generally disposed of in a landfill?

Placed in individual containers

In thin layers

Dispersed randomly

Piled in mounds

Answer

Correct Answer: In thin layers

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95. What does the word 'inundation' mean?

Drought

The submergence of land by water

Desertification

Flooding

Answer

Correct Answer: The submergence of land by water

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96. How many expert reviewers does the IPCC draw upon?

Millions

Ten-Thousands

Thousands

Hundreds

Answer

Correct Answer: Thousands

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97. When was the IPCC established?

1995

1985

1972

1988

Answer

Correct Answer: 1988

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98. What is the other name for infrared radiation?

Terrestrial or long-wave radiation

Visible light

Short-wave radiation

Infrared light

Answer

Correct Answer: Terrestrial or long-wave radiation

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99. The industrial revolution led to increased emissions of which gas?

Nitrous oxide

Carbon dioxide

Methane

Water vapor

Answer

Correct Answer: Carbon dioxide

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100. The industrial revolution led to a strong increase in what?

Use of child labor

Deforestation

Pollution

Combustion of fossil fuels

Answer

Correct Answer: Combustion of fossil fuels

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101. What are "indirect emissions"?

Emissions of greenhouse gases that occur as a result of the generation of electricity used in power plants.

Emissions of greenhouse gases that occur as a result of the use of electricity in that building.

Emissions of greenhouse gases that occur as a result of the use of electricity in power plants.

Emissions of greenhouse gases that occur as a result of the generation of electricity used in that building.

Answer

Correct Answer: Emissions of greenhouse gases that occur as a result of the generation of electricity used in that building.

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

102. What can Ice Core analysis give some indication of?

Ocean Trench Depths

Plate Tectonics

Future Climate Patterns

Historic Temperatures

Answer

Correct Answer: Historic Temperatures

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

103. What can analyses of ice cores tell scientists?

Average global temperatures for a given year.

The amount of daylight at the North Pole.

The percentage of carbon dioxide and other trace gases in the atmosphere at a given time.

The level of ocean water at a given time.

Answer

Correct Answer: The percentage of carbon dioxide and other trace gases in the atmosphere at a given time.

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

104. Which of the following is not a part of the hydrosphere?

Seas

Atmosphere

Oceans

Rivers

Answer

Correct Answer: Atmosphere

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

105. The hydrologic cycle is responsible for ____ of the mid-latitudes' heat transport from the equatorial to polar regions.

10 to 15 percent

75 to 80 percent

25 to 30 percent

50 to 55 percent

Answer

Correct Answer: 25 to 30 percent

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106. What is the global warming potential of HFC-23?

11,700

117

11,070

1,100

Answer

Correct Answer: 11,700

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107. What do HCFCs Compounds contain?

Oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, and carbon atoms.

Hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine, and carbon atoms.

Hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, and carbon atoms.

Nitrogen, chlorine, fluorine, and carbon atoms.

Answer

Correct Answer: Hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, and carbon atoms.

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108. What are hydrocarbons?

Substances containing only hydrogen and carbon

Substances containing only hydrogen and oxygen

Substances containing only helium and carbon

Substances containing only nitrogen and carbon

Answer

Correct Answer: Substances containing only hydrogen and carbon

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

Water Resources Engineering MCQs | Topic-wise

MCQ on Basic Water Resources Engineering	MCQ on Climatology
MCQ on Meteorology	MCQ on Senior Design with Water Resources Focus
MCQ on Watershed Hydrology	General Water Resources Engineering MCQs

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Meteorology MCQs

Senior Design with Water Resources Focus MCQs

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Basic Water Resources Engineering MCQs

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