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Basic Red Hat Linux MCQ

1. Which command adds a new user?

usernew

useradd

newuser

None of these

Answer

Correct Answer: useradd

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

2. What does the du command do?

It shows disk usage

It shows the details of the currently logged in user

It shows the disk file size

None of these

Answer

Correct Answer: It shows the disk file size

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3. Which of the following vi commands will exit forcefully from the vi editor without saving changes to the file?

wq!

Answer

Correct Answer: q!

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

4. How can the version of the Linux kernel be checked?

uname -kernel

uname -r

uname -f

kernel -uname

Answer

Correct Answer: uname -r

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5. Which command is used to add a new group?

groupadd

addgroup

grpadd

addgrp

Answer

Correct Answer: groupadd

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6. What does the history command do?

It shows user information

It hides user information

It hides the history of commands which have been executed in the current session

It displays the complete list of commands which have been executed in the current session

Answer

Correct Answer: It displays the complete list of commands which have been executed in the current session

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7. Which is the correct syntax to display the calendar of September 2005?

cal 9 2005

calendar 2005

2005 cal

9 2005 calendar

Answer

Correct Answer: cal 9 2005

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8. What does the head command do?

It shows the first 20 lines of a file

It shows the first 10 lines of a file

It shows the first 50 lines of a file

It shows the first 5 lines of a file

Answer

Correct Answer: It shows the first 10 lines of a file

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9. Which of the following commands lets you search for text in a file without opening the file first?

pwd

grep

none of the above

Answer

Correct Answer: grep

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10. What does permission 777 denote?

-rw-rw-rw-

-rwx-wxr-x

-rwxrwxrw-

-rwxrwxrwx

Answer

Correct Answer: -rwxrwxrwx

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

11. What is the purpose of the makewhatis command?

Updating the whatis database

Giving a brief description of the whatis command

Updating the man pages

Updating the rpm database

Answer

Correct Answer: Updating the whatis database

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12. Linux operating system is:

Single User

Multi User

Single/Multi User

None of these

Answer

Correct Answer: Multi User

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13. What is the purpose of the touch command?

It creates a new empty file

It displays the contents of a file

It updates the timestamp of an already existing file

It makes a new directory

Answer

Correct Answer: It creates a new empty file

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14. The user's current path is /root/Desktop/abc. If he runs
$ cd ../../../ what will be the user's current working directory?

/root/

/root/Desktop

/root/Desktop/abc

Answer

Correct Answer: /

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15. How can you locate the file named passwd?

find -name /etc

find / -name passwd

find -uid root -gid root -name passwd

find passwd

Answer

Correct Answer: find / -name passwd

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16. Which of the following vi commands will delete the current line?

del

Delete

Answer

Correct Answer: dd

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17. What is the correct format to open the file /etc/test into the vi editor?

/etc/test vi

vi /etc/test

edit /etc/test

None of these

Answer

Correct Answer: vi /etc/test

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18. Which of the following is an incorrect command?

$ lpr /etc/passwd

$ lpq

$ print /etc/passwd

$ lprem /etc/passwd

Answer

Correct Answer: $ lpq

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19. Who developed Linux?

Sabeer Bhatia

Bill Gates

Linus Torvalds

Linux Redhat

Answer

Correct Answer: Linus Torvalds

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20. Which command changes permissions of files or directories?

chmod

changemod

chpermission

usermod

Answer

Correct Answer: chmod

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21. What output should the ls command show after executing the following command?

$ touch {report,graph}_{jan,feb,mar}

report_jan   report_feb   report_mar   graph_jan   graph_feb   graph_mar

report_jan

report_feb

graph_mar

Answer

Correct Answer: report_jan   report_feb   report_mar   graph_jan   graph_feb   graph_mar

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22. What does permission 644 denote?

-rw-r--r--

-rw-rx-rx-

-rwxr--r--

-r-xr-xr-x

Answer

Correct Answer: -rw-r--r--

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23. What is the name of the file where groups are added?

/etc/grp

/etc/groups

/etc/group

/usr/bin/group

Answer

Correct Answer: /etc/group

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24. Which of the following is not a valid shell?

bash

tcsh

zsh

wsch

Answer

Correct Answer: wsch

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25. What is the meaning of GPL?

General Public License

General Purpose Language

General Publishing License

General Power Language

Answer

Correct Answer: General Public License

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26. Which of the following are valid grep syntax?

grep "a.*b" file

grep "a.*b." file

grep "aaa*" file

All of the above

Answer

Correct Answer: All of the above

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27. What is the output of the following command?

$ man cal > cal.man

It will create a new file with the name cal.man

The man page of the cal command will be saved to a file named cal.man

It will display the man page of calendar

None of these

Answer

Correct Answer: The man page of the cal command will be saved to a file named cal.man

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28. What kind of software is the Linux operating system?

Open Source

Proprietary Software

A and B Both

None Of These

Answer

Correct Answer: Open Source

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29. How many terminals are provided by default in the Linux operating system?

2 virtual consoles and one graphical console

4 virtual consoles and one graphical console

6 virtual consoles and one virtual graphical interface

5 virtual consoles and one graphical interface

Answer

Correct Answer: 6 virtual consoles and one virtual graphical interface

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30. Why is the wc command used?

It is used for sorting

It reads the file

It counts lines and characters from the file

It gives the line index

Answer

Correct Answer: It counts lines and characters from the file

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31. Which of the following is the correct path of the passwd file?

/usr/bin

/etc/passwd

/sbin/passwd

/root/Desktop

Answer

Correct Answer: /etc/passwd

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32. Which of the following vi commands is used to enter in to insert mode?

-I

-m

None of these

Answer

Correct Answer: i

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33. How can you obtain a short description of the ls command?

whereis ls

whatis ls

whatis -ls

whereis -ls

Answer

Correct Answer: whatis ls

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34. Which of the following is the parent process in Linux, which further has no parent?

init

bash

.bashrc

/etc/init

Answer

Correct Answer: init

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35. Which of the following is the intermediate between the hardware and the shell in the Linux operating system?

Bios

Kernel

Logs

Ram Disk

Answer

Correct Answer: Kernel

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36. What does the pwd command do?

It changes the password of a user

It shows the current path where the user is

It shows the passwd file

It shows information about Linux architecture

Answer

Correct Answer: It shows the current path where the user is

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37. What does the following command do?

# what is cal

It returns a complete description about the cal command

It returns a one line description about the cal command

It returns the current date

None of these

Answer

Correct Answer: It returns a one line description about the cal command

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38. Which of the following commands will show you a page-wise listing?

ls /bin | less

ls /bin | more

ls /bin | grep

None of the above

Answer

Correct Answer: ls /bin | more

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39. Which of the following vi commands will save the file and exit forcefully from the vi editor?

:wq!

Answer

Correct Answer: :wq!

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40. Which of the following is the path that contains documentation about installed packages?

/usr/bin/share

/usr/lib/

/usr/share/doc

/usr/share/help

Answer

Correct Answer: /usr/share/doc

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41. Which of the following vi commands will discard the changes to the file and exit the vi editor?

Answer

Correct Answer: q!

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42. What does the aspell command do?

It checks the spellings of the file

It gives the sequence of lines

It is used for redirection

It edits the file

Answer

Correct Answer: It checks the spellings of the file

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43. How will you display the fifth man page for the inittab command?

man 6 inittab

man 5 inittab

man 4 inittab

manual 5 inittab

Answer

Correct Answer: man 5 inittab

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44. Allen wants to see a long listing of files, including the hidden files of the current directory. Which option will he choose with the ls command?

ls -l

ls -al

ls -lh

Answer

Correct Answer: ls -al

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45. Which is the correct syntax to give permission 755 to the dir /etc/test ?

chmod 755 /etc/test

changemod 755 /etc/test

modchange 755 /etc/test

None of these

Answer

Correct Answer: chmod 755 /etc/test

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46. Which of the following commands will create a softlink?

$ ln -s /etc/test test

$ ln -softlink /etc/test test

$ ln /etc/test test

$ ln -slink /etc/test test

Answer

Correct Answer: $ ln -s /etc/test test

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47. Which command is used to modify the user?

modseradd

moduser

usermod

modify

Answer

Correct Answer: usermod

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48. Which of the following commands can be used to display a long listing of files, with a human-readable file size (like 6.8M instead of 6819467)?

ls +ah

ls -l

ls -lh

Answer

Correct Answer: ls -lh

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49. Which entry does not belong to ifcfg-eth0 ?

DEVICE=eth0

BOOTPROTO= static/dhcp

HOSTNAME=stationx.example.com

IPADDR=192.168.0.x

ONBOOT=yes

Answer

Correct Answer: HOSTNAME=stationx.example.com

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50. How can ext3 filesystem be converted to ext2 filesystem if the partition is /dev/hda7 ?

tune2fs -O ^has_journal /dev/hda7

tune2fs -o ^has_journal /dev/hda7

tune2fs -a ^has_journal /dev/hda7

tune2fs -A ^hasjournal /dev/hda7

Answer

Correct Answer: tune2fs -O ^has_journal /dev/hda7

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51. Which statement correctly creates a Volume Group, named vg0, when there are two partitions /dev/hda6 and /dev/hda7 of 150 MB each, totalling 300MB?

vgcreate -n vg0 /dev/hda6 /dev/hda7  

vgcreate -l vg0 /dev/hda6 /dev/hda7

vgcreate vg1 /dev/hda6 /dev/hda7

vgcreate vg0 /dev/hda6 /dev/hda7

Answer

Correct Answer: vgcreate vg0 /dev/hda6 /dev/hda7

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52. What is the path of rc.sysinit?

/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit

/etc/rc/rc.sysinit

/etc/init.d/rc.sysinit

Answer

Correct Answer: /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit

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53. What types of files does /proc filesystem consist of?

Pseudo Files

System Binaries

Temporary Files

User Home Directories

Answer

Correct Answer: Pseudo Files

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54. Which is the correct command to start the daemon of the printserver?

service printer start

service cupsd start

service cupd start

service cups start

Answer

Correct Answer: service cups start

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55. Which of the following files contains the IP address of the gateway?

/etc/sysconfig/network

/etc/resolv.conf

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/gateway

Answer

Correct Answer: /etc/sysconfig/network

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56. During Linux installation, in which mode can RAID be created?

Only in graphical mode

Only in CUI mode

Both graphical and CUI mode

None of the above

Answer

Correct Answer: Both graphical and CUI mode

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57. Which of the following commands will format the /test partition?

ext2online -j /test

mke2fs /test

mke2fs -j /test

ext2online /test

Answer

Correct Answer: mke2fs /test

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58. Which of the following denotes Raid level 0?

Striping with parity

Striping with mirroring

Striping

None of these

Answer

Correct Answer: Striping

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59. A new swap partition is created and entered correctly in /etc/fstab. How will it be mounted?

# swapon -s

# swapon -a

# swapon -m

# swapon -A

Answer

Correct Answer: # swapon -a

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60. How can you tell which RPM the /etc/inittab file belongs to?

rpm -ql /etc/initab

rpm -qf /etc/inittab

rpm -i /etc/inittab

rpm -e /etc/inittab

Answer

Correct Answer: rpm -qf /etc/inittab

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61. What is the correct format for kickstart installation through NFS, when the NFS IP is 192.168.0.254, and the file path on the server is /kickstart/ks.cfg ?

Linux kickstart=nfs:192.168.0.254/kickstart/ks.cfg

Linux ks=nfs:192.168.0.254/kickstart/ks.cfg

linux ks=nfs:192.168.0.254:/kickstart/ks.cfg

linux kickstart=nfs:192.168.0.254:/kickstart/ks.cfg

Answer

Correct Answer: linux ks=nfs:192.168.0.254:/kickstart/ks.cfg

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62. The command which configures devices is:

kudzu

netconfig

kudu

netstat

Answer

Correct Answer: kudzu

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63. A new partition /dev/hda6 has been created. How will it be formatted with ext3 file system (one block=1024 bytes, inode size=one inode every 2 blocks)?

mke2fs  -b 2048 -i 2048 -j /dev/hda6

mke2fs  -b 1024 -i 1024 -j /dev/hda6

mke2fs  -b 1024 -i 2048 -j /dev/hda6

mke2fs  -b 2048 -i 4096 -j /dev/hda6

Answer

Correct Answer: mke2fs  -b 1024 -i 2048 -j /dev/hda6

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64. What does the entry id:3:initdefault: define in the /etc/inittab file?

The system will boot by default in 3rd run level

The system will boot by default in graphical mode

The system will boot by default in single user run level

The system will boot but not in 3rd run level

Answer

Correct Answer: The system will boot by default in 3rd run level

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65. What should be the command to view the details of raid device /dev/md0 ?

# mdadm --detail /dev/md0

# mdadm -s /dev/md0

# cat /proc/mdstat

# mdstat --details /dev/md0

Answer

Correct Answer: # mdadm --detail /dev/md0

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66. Which command is used to set a quota for user Debbie. The path is /test, the size of quota is 5MB and soft limit is 4MB. The user is not allowed to use more than 5MB.

setquota Debbie 4MB 5MB 0 0 /test

setquota Debbie 4096 5120 0 0 /test

setquota Debbie 0 0 4096 5120 /test

setquota -s Debbie 4096 5120  0 0 /test

Answer

Correct Answer: setquota Debbie 4096 5120 0 0 /test

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67. There are 3 disks of 1 GB each, with mean total 3 GB. If a raid level 5 is implemented, what will be the size of the raid device?

3 GB

2 GB

21/2 GB

1 GB

Answer

Correct Answer: 2 GB

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68. How is an LVM of 200MB named lv0 created within the volume group vg0?

lvcreate -l 200MB lv0 vg0

lvcreate -L 200MB lv0 vg1

lvcreate -L 200MB lv0 vg0

lvcreate -L 200MB vg0 lv0

Answer

Correct Answer: lvcreate -L 200MB lv0 vg0

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69. In which of the following locations are boot messages stored?

/var/log/dmessg

/var/lag/dmesg

/var/log/dmesg

/var/log/messages

Answer

Correct Answer: /var/log/dmesg

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70. Can the size of LVM be decreased?

Yes

Answer

Correct Answer: Yes

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71. What is the full form of MBR?

Memory buffer record

Memory boot register

Memory buffer register

Master boot record

Answer

Correct Answer: Master boot record

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72. What should be done to extend a 200MB LVM named lv0 by 50MB. A volume group named vg0 of 100MB is available free, lv0 is mounted on /test ?

lvextend -L 50MB lv0 vg0

lvextend -l 50MB lv0

lvextend -I 50MB lv0 vg0

lvextend -L 50MB lv0

Answer

Correct Answer: lvextend -L 50MB lv0

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73. Which entry is not required in /etc/sysconfig/network ?

NETWORKING=YES

HOSTNAME=stationx.example.com

NAMESERVER=192.168.0.x

NISDOMAIN=rhct

Answer

Correct Answer: NAMESERVER=192.168.0.x

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74. What will be the behavior of the following command:

# echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

Enables ip_forwarding permanently

Enables ip_forwarding temporarily

Disables ip_forwarding permanently

Disables ip_forwarding temporarily

Answer

Correct Answer: Enables ip_forwarding temporarily

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75. How can ext2 filesystem be converted to ext3 filesystem if the partition is /dev/hda7 ?

tune2fs -j /dev/hda7

dump2fs -j /dev/hda7

tune2fs -f /dev/hda7

mke2fs -j /dev/hda7

Answer

Correct Answer: tune2fs -j /dev/hda7

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76. Can / partition on lvm device be installed during installation?

Yes, it can be installed

This facility is only available in rhel3.0

/ can  install only one physical partition

None of these

Answer

Correct Answer: Yes, it can be installed

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77. What problems will be faced during reboot, when the permissions of /tmp are 655, and the default permissions are 1777?

Xserver will not start

System will not boot properly

Device driver will not work

man pages will not work

Answer

Correct Answer: Xserver will not start

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78. While troubleshooting Xserver, which of the following steps is not required?

service xfs restart

system-config-display

check permissions of /tmp

check /usr permissions

Answer

Correct Answer: check /usr permissions

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79. Through which of the following commands can a corrupted initrd be recreated?

mkinitrd f v /boot/initrd$(uname r)img $(uname r)

mkinitrd f v /boot/initrd$(uname r).img $(uname r)

mkinitrd f v /boot/initrd$(uname r).EL $(uname r)

mkinitrd f v /boot/initrd$(uname r)img $(uname r).EL

Answer

Correct Answer: mkinitrd f v /boot/initrd$(uname r).img $(uname r)

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80. How can kernel-2.6.9-5 rpm be installed?

# rpm -U kernel-2.6.9-5.rpm

# rpm -ivh kernel-2.6.9-5.rpm

# rpm -IVH kernel-2.6.9-5.rpm

# rpm -install kernel-2.6.9-5.rpm

Answer

Correct Answer: # rpm -ivh kernel-2.6.9-5.rpm

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81. How many disks are required in Raid level 5?

At least 2

At least 3

At least 1

At least 4

Answer

Correct Answer: At least 3

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82. Which entry is specified in /etc/resolv.conf ?

IP address of own machine

Nameserver IP address

Router machine IP

NIS domain IP

Answer

Correct Answer: Nameserver IP address

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83. When the system is started, it shows Redhat Enterprise Linux. When the enter key is pressed, it shows the grub prompt. The present working directory is either / or /boot. How can you find the /boot partition at the grub prompt?

GRUB> find /boot/grub.conf

GRUB> find /grub/grub.conf

GRUB> find /grub/stage1

GRUB> find /grub/stage2

Answer

Correct Answer: GRUB> find /boot/grub.conf

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84. What is proc file system?

Physical partition created during installation

Virtual file system

It is the swap partition

None of these

Answer

Correct Answer: Virtual file system

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85. Sticky bit and suid are to be set on /home/test. Which command should be used to give rwx permissions to each user, group and others?

chmod 1777 /home/test

chmod 3777 /etc/test

chmod 3777 /home/test

chmod 3777 /homes/test

Answer

Correct Answer: chmod 3777 /home/test

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86. How should a cron job that prints "hello" every morning at 4:02am, be set up?

# crontab -e and insert into 02 04 * * * print "hello"

# crontab -e and insert 02 04 * * * echo "hello"

# crontab -e and insert into 02 04 * * * echo "hello"

# crontab -e and insert into 02 4 * * * print "hello"

Answer

Correct Answer: # crontab -e and insert 02 04 * * * echo "hello"

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87. If the permissions of rc.sysinit are changed from 655 to 444, what will happen during the next reboot?

The system will boot but when the password is entered, "access denied" will be displayed

The system will not boot

The system will show only grub prompt during boot

The system will automatically restart, without showing the login prompt after the exact boot process

Answer

Correct Answer: The system will show only grub prompt during boot

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88. If /root partition is installed on /dev/hda2, what defines hda2 ?

1st hard disk 1st partition

2nd hard disk 2nd partition

2nd hard disk 1st partition

1st hard disk 2nd partition

Answer

Correct Answer: 2nd hard disk 1st partition

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89. Which of the following repquota command option is used to Report all quotas, even if there is no usage?

-a

-v

-t

-n

Answer

Correct Answer: -a

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90. In which mode can LVM be created during installation?

CUI only

GUI only

Both CUI and GUI

None of the above

Answer

Correct Answer: GUI only

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91. Which of the following commands enables ip forwarding permanently?

Echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

Open the file /etc/sysctl.conf and insert net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 in the file

Open the file /etc/sysctl.conf and insert net.ipv4_forward=0 in the file

Open the file /etc/sysctl.conf and insert net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all=1 in the file

Answer

Correct Answer: Open the file /etc/sysctl.conf and insert net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 in the file

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92. Which of the following will occur when the "rpm -ql nagios" command is used?

Install the package nagios

Verify the package nagios

List files in package nagios

Provide additional info on package nagios

Answer

Correct Answer: List files in package nagios

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93. Which command generates a DSA ssh key?

ssh-key --type DSA

ssh-keygen -t dsa

gen-sshkey -t DSA

ssh-genkey -t dsa

Answer

Correct Answer: ssh-keygen -t dsa

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

94. Which of the following describes the /proc command?

Some of the files within /proc/ can be manipulated by users and applications to communicate configuration changes to the kernel.

All are correct

It can be used for obtaining information about processes and devices.

It is a pseudo-file system.

Answer

Correct Answer: All are correct

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

95. Which state is runlevel 6?

Reboot state - shuts down the system and reboots

Linux state - is a fully operational Linux system with multiuser support and remote file sharing access

Single-user state - allows access only to the superuser and does not run any network services

Power-down state - is invoked by the halt command to shut down the system

Answer

Correct Answer: Reboot state - shuts down the system and reboots

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

96. Which command would you use to check the RedHat OS version?

uname -a

cat /etc/version

cat /etc/redhat-version

cat /etc/redhat-release

cat /etc/kernel-version

Answer

Correct Answer: cat /etc/redhat-release

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

97. In which version of RHEL was the pNFS introduced?

RHEL 6

RHEL 6.4

Answer

Correct Answer: RHEL 6.4

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

98. Which of the following is used to power down the system?

shutdown -h +1

shutdown -h now

telinit 0

All are correct

Answer

Correct Answer: All are correct

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

99. If you set your /etc/inittab file to have the default init entry of 'init:3:default:', which of the following is your system default runlevel?

Full multiuser mode with login to command-line interface; allows remote file sharing with other systems on your network and is referred to as the text mode state

Full multiuser mode that starts up in an X session, initiating a graphical login; allows remote file sharing with other systems on your network

Administrative single-user mode; denies other users access to the system, but allows root access to the entire multiuser file system; no startup scripts

Multiuser, without networking (i.e., you don't have access to network services like NFS, xinetd, and NIS)

Answer

Correct Answer: Full multiuser mode with login to command-line interface; allows remote file sharing with other systems on your network and is referred to as the text mode state

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

100. When you first add a user to the system, you must provide the user with a bare-bones version of their login, shell, and logout initialization files. Where are the default initialization files kept?

/etc/skel

/etc/shells

/etc/gshadow

/usr/sbin/passwd

Answer

Correct Answer: /etc/skel

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

101. Which of the following filesystems uses journaling?

ext3

vfat

ext2

All are correct

Answer

Correct Answer: ext3

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

102. A normal user sends a print job to the default printer but later finds the print queue is big and decides to cancel the job. How would the user perform this task?

The user can know the job number but cannot remove the job, as he has no permission to use the Iprm command.

The user has no permission to view job numbers using the Ipq command and hence cannot delete the job.

The user has no permission to view job numbers using the jobs command and hence cannot delete the job.

The user has to list the job using Ipq and remove it using the command Iprm with the job number as the argument.

Answer

Correct Answer: The user has to list the job using Ipq and remove it using the command Iprm with the job number as the argument.

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

103. Which event will occur with the following command? "shutdown -r now"

Requests that the system be halted after it has been brought down

Requests that the system be powered off after it has been brought down in a safe way

Requests that the system be rebooted after it has been brought down in a safe way

Only send out the warning messages and disable logins; does not actually bring the system down

Answer

Correct Answer: Requests that the system be rebooted after it has been brought down in a safe way

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104. Which of the following is the default port for squid?

4444

3128

5656

5555

4646

Answer

Correct Answer: 3128

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

105. Which command is used to open a remote ssh shell with the account test_account on the host test_host?

ssh test_account test_host

sshd test_account@test_host

ssh test_account@test_host

sshd -l test_account test_host

Answer

Correct Answer: ssh test_account@test_host

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

106. During boot init program checks, from which file is the default runlevel?

/etc/inittab

/proc/initconf

/proc/inittab

/etc/initconf

Answer

Correct Answer: /etc/inittab

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

107. If you use multiple crontab files, which directory contains them?

/etc/rc.d/cron

/etc/cron.d

/etc/cron.monthly

/etc/cron

Answer

Correct Answer: /etc/cron.d

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

108. Which command should you issue if you are in runlevel 5 and want to change to runlevel 3?

init 3

runlevel 3

chkconfig 3

who -r 3

Answer

Correct Answer: init 3

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

109. Which of the following is used for partitioning disks?

fdisk

None are correct

parted

Both are correct

Answer

Correct Answer: Both are correct

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

110. Which command is used to see the aging of a password?

chage

chown

chgrp

chmod

passwd

Answer

Correct Answer: chage

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

111. How would you find out the date and time of an rpm installation?

# rpm -Uvh

# rpm -ivh

# rpm -all

# rpm -qi

# rpm -la

Answer

Correct Answer: # rpm -qi

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

112. When creating a new user account, unless otherwise specified, which directory's files are automatically copied to the home directory?

/usr/skel

/etc/user start

/etc/default

/etc/skel

Answer

Correct Answer: /etc/skel

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

113. After extending LVM logical volume that has file system, which of the following should be done to extend file system?

resize2fs /dev/lvm_volume

extend /dev/lvm_volume

mk4ext /dev/lvm_volume

lventend -L /dev/lvm_volume

lvextend /dev/lvm_volume

Answer

Correct Answer: resize2fs /dev/lvm_volume

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

114. Where do you look to check the list of shells installed on the system?

/etc/profile

/etc/shells

/etc/services

/etc/shell

/etc/conf

Answer

Correct Answer: /etc/shells

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

115. Which of the following is the permission of /etc/shadow?

644

660

400

640

665

Answer

Correct Answer: 400

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

116. Which of the following can be used to display IP routing table?

All variants are correct

ip route list

route

ip route show

netstat -r

Answer

Correct Answer: All variants are correct

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

117. Where do you configure an OpenSSH server?

/etc/sshd_config

/etc/ssh/sshd.conf

/etc/ssh/sshd_config

/etc/sshd/sshd.config

Answer

Correct Answer: /etc/ssh/sshd_config

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

118. Which of the following will allow you to disable SSH root login?

Set "PermitRootLogin no" in /etc/ssh/sshd.conf

Set "AllowRootLogin=No" in /etc/ssh/sshd_config

Set "PermitRootLogin=No" in /etc/ssh/sshd.conf

Set "PermitRootLogin no" in /etc/ssh/sshd_config

Answer

Correct Answer: Set "PermitRootLogin no" in /etc/ssh/sshd_config

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

119. Which program can add a password for a group and is used to administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow?

chgrpwd

passwdgr

chgrp

gpasswd

grpasswd

Answer

Correct Answer: gpasswd

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

120. Which command is used to check your current runlevel?

None are correct

who -r

runlevel

Both are correct

Answer

Correct Answer: Both are correct

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

121. In a file delimited by commas, which command will print the 3rd column of data?

awk '{print $3}'

awk -f, '{print $3}'

awk -f, '{print $2}'

awk -F, '{print $3}'

Answer

Correct Answer: awk -F, '{print $3}'

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

122. How are scripts within a cron directory run?

By size

In alphabetical order

According to creation date

In no particular order

Answer

Correct Answer: In alphabetical order

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123. Which of the following is the default I/O scheduler elevator?

cfq

noop

deadline

Answer

Correct Answer: cfq

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124. If you want to set a samba share as read/write, which command should you add in /etc/samba/smb.conf?

writeable = yes

read = yes ; write = yes

rw = yes

readwrite = yes

Answer

Correct Answer: writeable = yes

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125. Which command can be entered on reboot at the boot prompt if your /etc/inittab file becomes corrupted and it is necessary to start up your system while bypassing the inittab file, so you could edit the file to fix it?

init -s

linux -S

linux -s

linux single

Answer

Correct Answer: linux single

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126. Which of the following is used to list users that are logged on?

All of these

who

users

Answer

Correct Answer: All of these

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127. Which type of files are located at "/etc/rc.d/rc.d/" directories(where is the number of the runlevel)?

Symbolic links

Scripts

Sockets

Hard links

Answer

Correct Answer: Symbolic links

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

128. Which of the following describes the command "route"?

Modifies entries in the routing tables of dnsd

Modifies entries in the routing tables of routed

Modifies entries in the routing tables of rpcd

Modifies entries in the routing tables of nfsd

Answer

Correct Answer: Modifies entries in the routing tables of routed

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129. Which of the following will allow you to copy the system log to the current directory?

cp /var/log/messages

copy /var/log/messages

cp /var/log/messages .

copy /var/log/messages .

Answer

Correct Answer: cp /var/log/messages .

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

130. Which is the standard directory for temporary mount points or mounts for removable media(e.g. CD-ROM)?

/mount

/temp

/mnt

/dev

Answer

Correct Answer: /mnt

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

131. In which file are user-encrypted passwords stored?

/etc/shadow

/etc/profile

/home/passwd

/etc/encpasswd

/etc/masterpwd

Answer

Correct Answer: /etc/shadow

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

132. Which command can you use to list the most CPU-intensive processes on your system?

top

iostat

par

free

Answer

Correct Answer: top

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133. Which of the following is the default highest runlevel?

Answer

Correct Answer: 6

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

134. Where do you make changes to select the level of firewall protection?

/etc/sysconfig/authconfig

/etd/sysconfig/firewall

/etc/sysconfig/iptables

/etc/ysconfig/services

Answer

Correct Answer: /etc/sysconfig/iptables

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

135. Which switches (options) will route accept?

All are correct

(i.e., no option is specified)

add

del

Answer

Correct Answer: All are correct

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136. Which would be used to display all logical volumes?

display-logic-vol

lvdisplay

display all logical vol

volume display all

show all logical vol

Answer

Correct Answer: lvdisplay

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137. How do you change the password for the root account?

The passwd command

The redhat-config tool

The priv command

The su command

Answer

Correct Answer: The passwd command

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138. Which of the following will occur when using the pwd command?

Display the encrypted user's password

Display the full path of the current working directory

Display the name of the current or permanent default printer

Display the decrypted user password (only the user and root can execute this command)

Answer

Correct Answer: Display the full path of the current working directory

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139. Which of the following is the main configuration file that GRUB reads when it is loaded?

/boot/grub/grub.conf

/etc/boot.conf

/usr/bin/gboot.tab

/etc/boot

Answer

Correct Answer: /boot/grub/grub.conf

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140. Which of the following do you use to edit your crontab file?

crontab -i

vicron

viedit

crontab -e

Answer

Correct Answer: crontab -e

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141. Which of the following is the default FTP port number?

Answer

Correct Answer: 21

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

142. Which command do you use to count words or lines in a file?

count

Answer

Correct Answer: wc

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

143. Which directory maintains the system logs for tasks performed on your system?

/etc/syslog

/var/log

/etc/syslog.conf

/usr/sbin/syslog

Answer

Correct Answer: /var/log

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144. Which of the following is the default RHEL window manager?

XFCE

Gnome

KDE

TWM

Answer

Correct Answer: Gnome

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145. Which command will disable the ssh service at next boot?

chkconfig sshd noboot

chkconfig sshd off

chkconfig sshd ignore

chkconfig sshd on

Answer

Correct Answer: chkconfig sshd off

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146. Which of the following is the most correct way to edit the current users crontab?

vi /etc/crontab.conf

crontab -l

vi /etc/cron.d/0hourly

crontab -e

Answer

Correct Answer: crontab -e

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147. If you are logged in to a regular user account, and it is necessary for you to log in as root and become a superuser, which should you use?

chpriv

passwd

chown

Answer

Correct Answer: su

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148. To have 'grep' match only whole lines, you use:

grep -x

grep -L

grep -l

grep -E

Answer

Correct Answer: grep -x

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149. If you use 'shutdown now', it will:

print a warning to all active terminals and then halt the system

transfer your system into maintenance mode

reboot the system

shut down the system

Answer

Correct Answer: transfer your system into maintenance mode

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150. What file will show you with what options kernel was started?

/boot/kern_start

/proc/cmdline

/proc/start

/var/log/messages

Answer

Correct Answer: /proc/cmdline

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151. How to kill user session?

kill -9 -u username

pkill -9 -u username

pskill username

kill username

Answer

Correct Answer: pkill -9 -u username

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152. Which kernel parameter is used to reset root password in RHEL7

both 1 & single

rd.break

single

one

Answer

Correct Answer: rd.break

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153. The line '0 2 * * 1-5 tar cf /home/backp /home/projects' in a crontab will:

back up the projects directory at 2:00 A.M. from Sunday to Thursday

back up the projects directory at 2:00 A.M. every weekday

back up the projects directory at 2:00 P.M. from Sunday to Thursday

back up the projects directory at 2:00 P.M. every weekday

Answer

Correct Answer: back up the projects directory at 2:00 A.M. every weekday

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154. Which service lets you edit qcow2 images in Linux ?

guestfish

none of them

virt-manager

both virsh & virt-manager

virsh

Answer

Correct Answer: guestfish

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155. The /projects directory is being shared by server1 with the share name datashare through samba. To access the shared directory as bob you issue the following command: smbclient //server1/datashare -U 'bob%foouser' What happens when you execute the command?

The share will be accessed with the credentials of bob without being prompted for a password.

All the samba shares on server1 will be displayed.

bob will be prompted for a password to access the share.

All the shares on server1 accessible to bob will be displayed.

Answer

Correct Answer: The share will be accessed with the credentials of bob without being prompted for a password.

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156. Which statement is true about the files and directories created inside the /project directory that have 2777 permissions?

All files and directories will have the default group set to the primary group of the user who creates them in /project directory.

All executables inside the /project directory will run with the effective group ID (EGID) of the group of the /project directory.

All files inside the /project directory will have permissions set to 2644 and the subdirectories will have them set to 2755.

All files and directories will have the same group as that of the /project directory.

Answer

Correct Answer: All files and directories will have the same group as that of the /project directory.

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157. How to find out what packages are currently installed?

rpm -q

yum list installed

yum list --installed

rpm -a

yum info --installed

Answer

Correct Answer: yum list installed

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158. What file is used for 'HOSTNAME' configuration?

/etc/sysconfig/network

/etc/resolv.conf

/etc/sysconfig/networking

/etc/hosts

/etc/hostname

Answer

Correct Answer: /etc/sysconfig/network

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

159. When mounting a volume listed in "fstab",

it suffices to give only the mount point

both the device and mount point must be given on the command line.

Answer

Correct Answer: it suffices to give only the mount point

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160. System-wide values used by user and group creation utilities such as useradd and usergroup are kept in the file:

/etc/user.def

/sbin/passwd.defs

/etc/usergrp

/etc/login.defs

Answer

Correct Answer: /etc/login.defs

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

161. You use the SUSPEND character to suspend an already running process. Which signal does it send to the process?

SIGINT

SIGHUP

SIGSTOP

SIGTERM

Answer

Correct Answer: SIGSTOP

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162. What is the default maximum number of open files a user can have by default?

1024

4096

8192

unlimited

2048

Answer

Correct Answer: 1024

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163. What command will free the page cache?

echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

echo 3 > /proc/sys/mem/drop_caches

echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

Answer

Correct Answer: echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

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164. Which of the following options is true of the entry below? /dev/cdrom /cd iso9660 ro,user,noauto 0 0

This is an "fstab" entry which lets any user mount the CD-ROM.

This is an "fstab" entry which mounts a CD-ROM as a read-only device at boot time.

This is an "mtab" entry which mounts a CD-ROM as a read-only device at boot time.

Answer

Correct Answer: This is an "fstab" entry which lets any user mount the CD-ROM.

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165. Which command is used to kill a process gracefully?

pkill -9 <PID>

kill -9 <PID>

kill -g <PID>

kill -15 <PID>

pkill -G graceful <PID>

Answer

Correct Answer: kill -15 <PID>

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166. Which of the following are valid iptable chains?

Through, In, Out

None of the above

All of the above

Forward, Input, Output

Accept, Drop, Reject

Answer

Correct Answer: Forward, Input, Output

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167. For all filesystems listed in /etc/mtab, to display the total space allowed for a user or group, you use the command:

quota

usage

Answer

Correct Answer: quota

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168. If umask is 0022, what is the by default permission of a file?

755

777

644

655

744

Answer

Correct Answer: 644

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169. Identify the true statement about configure script.

It does not depend on the autoconf tool for the package installation.

It creates the necessary Makefiles based on the user information.

It creates the required directories and subdirectories on the system.

It depends on make to create the Makefiles.

Answer

Correct Answer: It creates the necessary Makefiles based on the user information.

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170. What is the purpose of the file /etc/updatedb.conf?

configuration file for software updates

configuration file for driver updates

configuration file for kudzu

configuration file for mlocate package

Answer

Correct Answer: configuration file for mlocate package

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171. The user smith issued the egrep "^[[: upper:]]" words.txt command. What does this command do?

displays all lines in the words.txt file that begins with an uppercase letter

displays all lines in the words.txt file after translating uppercase letters to lowercase

displays all lines in the words.txt file that contains an uppercase letter

displays all lines in the words.txt file after translating lowercase letters to uppercase

Answer

Correct Answer: displays all lines in the words.txt file that begins with an uppercase letter

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

172. Which mode provides load balancing and fault tolerance in ethernet bonding ?

Round Robin

802.3ad

balance-tlb

balance-alb

balance-xor

Answer

Correct Answer: Round Robin

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173. You configure an OpenSSH server in the file:

/etc/ssh/sshd_config

/etc/sshd/sshd.config

/etc/sshd_config

/etc/ssh/sshd.conf

Answer

Correct Answer: /etc/ssh/sshd_config

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174. What is the tee command?

send errors to a file

create marks on a file

translate characters in a file

split standard output to a file

Answer

Correct Answer: split standard output to a file

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175. If you set your /etc/inittab file to have the default init entry to be 'init:3:default:', then your system default runlevel is:

administrative single-user mode; denies other users access to the system, but allows root access to the entire multiuser file system. Startup scripts are not run

multiuser, without networking (i.e., you don't have access to network services like NFS, xinetd, and NIS)

full multiuser mode with login to command-line interface; allows remote file sharing with other systems on your network. Also referred to as the text mode state

full multiuser mode that starts up in an X session, initiating a graphical login; allows remote file sharing with other systems on your network

Answer

Correct Answer: full multiuser mode with login to command-line interface; allows remote file sharing with other systems on your network. Also referred to as the text mode state

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

176. Which Standard does pNFS Stands for..

NFS 4

NFS 3

NFS 4.1

Answer

Correct Answer: NFS 4.1

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177. Larry, working as root, needs to change the ownership of the file "myfile" from "james" to "mary." He should:

chown mary myfile

chown myfile james:mary

chown james:mary myfile

changeowner mary myfile

Answer

Correct Answer: chown mary myfile

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

178. To power down the system, you use:

shutdown -h now

telinit 0

all are correct

shutdown -h +1

Answer

Correct Answer: all are correct

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179. How would you find out the dependencies of RPM package?

#rpm -UVH

#rpm -ivh

#rpm -icv

#rpm -qR

#rpm -nogpg

Answer

Correct Answer: #rpm -qR

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180. Using scp to copy a file "test_file" from your machine to the remote machine "test_machine" to the /tmp directory, using the account "test_user" on the remote machine, you do:

scp test_file:test_user@test_machine:/tmp

scp test_file test_machine@test_user:/tmp

scp -f test_file -u test_user -m test_machine -d /tmp

scp test_file test_user@test_machine:/tmp

Answer

Correct Answer: scp test_file test_user@test_machine:/tmp

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181. The following entry appears in the /etc/crontab as follows: 30 4 * * 1 /bin/sh /home/Tom/rmcore 2>&1 /dev/null

"rmcore" will execute on the first day of every month

"rmcore" will execute every Monday at 4:30 a.m.

"rmcore" will execute on April 30th for one hour

Answer

Correct Answer: "rmcore" will execute every Monday at 4:30 a.m.

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182. You use samba to:

share resources (like printers) between a Windows and Linux machines

mount Windows filesystems on Linux machines

none are correct

both are correct

Answer

Correct Answer: both are correct

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183. To verify what state (run level) you are currently running in, you use:

runlevel

init

telinit

chkstate

Answer

Correct Answer: runlevel

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

184. How to find out memory usage:

vmstat

All are correct

cat /proc/meminfo

top

free -m

Answer

Correct Answer: All are correct

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

185. Using cat command, which option is used to print the line number?

cat -A filename

cat -n filename

cat count number filename

cat -number filename

cat -l filename

Answer

Correct Answer: cat -n filename

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

186. What does the "tcpdump" command do?

Captures traffic on a network

Lists All TCP and UDP connections.

Lists All TCP connections.

Terminates all TCP connections on the target host.

Answer

Correct Answer: Captures traffic on a network

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

187. what does the following command do? "watch -n 1 du -hs /tmp/file"

waits till the file /tmp/file gets created befor checking the size

all of the above

It runs the command du -hs /tmp/file every second and updates the output

none of the above

Answer

Correct Answer: It runs the command du -hs /tmp/file every second and updates the output

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

188. How would you create a disk dump in RedHat Linux?

dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb

restore /dev/sda /dev/sdb

fsck2 /dev/sda /dev/sdb

dump /dev/sda ssh@localhost:/dev/hda

mk4ext /dev/sda /dev/sdb

Answer

Correct Answer: dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

189. Which statements are true about a source RPM?

Source RPM does not contain information about how to install the software.

Source RPMs can be compiled and installed directly.

Source RPM cannot be used to build a binary rpm.

Answer

Correct Answer: Source RPMs can be compiled and installed directly.

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

190. To find the version of redhat in use you can:

uname -a

none will work

cat /etc/redhat-release

either will work

Answer

Correct Answer: cat /etc/redhat-release

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

191. How to show currently loaded kernel modules?

kernshow

lsmodules

modshow

modprobe

lsmod

Answer

Correct Answer: lsmod

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

192. To configure networking via a console GUI you can use:

system-config-network

system-config

network-config

networking config

Answer

Correct Answer: system-config-network

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

193. Which is not a valid priority in syslogd.conf?

notice

news

debug

alert

Answer

Correct Answer: news

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

194. Where do the manual (man) pages for all commands reside in the File System Hierarchy (FSH)?

/usr/share/man

/usr/share/info/man

/usr/share/locale/man

/usr/man/share/locale

Answer

Correct Answer: /usr/share/man

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

Red Hat Linux MCQs | Topic-wise

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General Red Hat Linux MCQs

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Basic Red Hat Linux MCQ

1. Which command adds a new user?

2. What does the du command do?

3. Which of the following vi commands will exit forcefully from the vi editor without saving changes to the file?

4. How can the version of the Linux kernel be checked?

5. Which command is used to add a new group?

6. What does the history command do?

7. Which is the correct syntax to display the calendar of September 2005?

8. What does the head command do?

9. Which of the following commands lets you search for text in a file without opening the file first?

10. What does permission 777 denote?

11. What is the purpose of the makewhatis command?

12. Linux operating system is:

13. What is the purpose of the touch command?

14. The user's current path is /root/Desktop/abc. If he runs $ cd ../../../ what will be the user's current working directory?

15. How can you locate the file named passwd?

16. Which of the following vi commands will delete the current line?

17. What is the correct format to open the file /etc/test into the vi editor?

18. Which of the following is an incorrect command?

19. Who developed Linux?

20. Which command changes permissions of files or directories?

21. What output should the ls command show after executing the following command? $ touch {report,graph}_{jan,feb,mar}

22. What does permission 644 denote?

23. What is the name of the file where groups are added?

24. Which of the following is not a valid shell?

25. What is the meaning of GPL?

26. Which of the following are valid grep syntax?

27. What is the output of the following command?$ man cal > cal.man

28. What kind of software is the Linux operating system?

29. How many terminals are provided by default in the Linux operating system?

30. Why is the wc command used?

31. Which of the following is the correct path of the passwd file?

32. Which of the following vi commands is used to enter in to insert mode?

33. How can you obtain a short description of the ls command?

34. Which of the following is the parent process in Linux, which further has no parent?

35. Which of the following is the intermediate between the hardware and the shell in the Linux operating system?

36. What does the pwd command do?

37. What does the following command do?# what is cal

38. Which of the following commands will show you a page-wise listing?

39. Which of the following vi commands will save the file and exit forcefully from the vi editor?

40. Which of the following is the path that contains documentation about installed packages?

41. Which of the following vi commands will discard the changes to the file and exit the vi editor?

42. What does the aspell command do?

43. How will you display the fifth man page for the inittab command?

44. Allen wants to see a long listing of files, including the hidden files of the current directory. Which option will he choose with the ls command?

45. Which is the correct syntax to give permission 755 to the dir /etc/test ?

46. Which of the following commands will create a softlink?

47. Which command is used to modify the user?

48. Which of the following commands can be used to display a long listing of files, with a human-readable file size (like 6.8M instead of 6819467)?

49. Which entry does not belong to ifcfg-eth0 ?

50. How can ext3 filesystem be converted to ext2 filesystem if the partition is /dev/hda7 ?

51. Which statement correctly creates a Volume Group, named vg0, when there are two partitions /dev/hda6 and /dev/hda7 of 150 MB each, totalling 300MB?

52. What is the path of rc.sysinit?

53. What types of files does /proc filesystem consist of?

54. Which is the correct command to start the daemon of the printserver?

55. Which of the following files contains the IP address of the gateway?

56. During Linux installation, in which mode can RAID be created?

57. Which of the following commands will format the /test partition?

58. Which of the following denotes Raid level 0?

59. A new swap partition is created and entered correctly in /etc/fstab. How will it be mounted?

60. How can you tell which RPM the /etc/inittab file belongs to?

61. What is the correct format for kickstart installation through NFS, when the NFS IP is 192.168.0.254, and the file path on the server is /kickstart/ks.cfg ?

62. The command which configures devices is:

63. A new partition /dev/hda6 has been created. How will it be formatted with ext3 file system (one block=1024 bytes, inode size=one inode every 2 blocks)?

64. What does the entry id:3:initdefault: define in the /etc/inittab file?

65. What should be the command to view the details of raid device /dev/md0 ?

66. Which command is used to set a quota for user Debbie. The path is /test, the size of quota is 5MB and soft limit is 4MB. The user is not allowed to use more than 5MB.

67. There are 3 disks of 1 GB each, with mean total 3 GB. If a raid level 5 is implemented, what will be the size of the raid device?

68. How is an LVM of 200MB named lv0 created within the volume group vg0?

69. In which of the following locations are boot messages stored?

70. Can the size of LVM be decreased?

71. What is the full form of MBR?

72. What should be done to extend a 200MB LVM named lv0 by 50MB. A volume group named vg0 of 100MB is available free, lv0 is mounted on /test ?

73. Which entry is not required in /etc/sysconfig/network ?

74. What will be the behavior of the following command:# echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

75. How can ext2 filesystem be converted to ext3 filesystem if the partition is /dev/hda7 ?

76. Can / partition on lvm device be installed during installation?

77. What problems will be faced during reboot, when the permissions of /tmp are 655, and the default permissions are 1777?

78. While troubleshooting Xserver, which of the following steps is not required?

79. Through which of the following commands can a corrupted initrd be recreated?

14. The user's current path is /root/Desktop/abc. If he runs
$ cd ../../../ what will be the user's current working directory?

21. What output should the ls command show after executing the following command?

$ touch {report,graph}_{jan,feb,mar}

27. What is the output of the following command?

$ man cal > cal.man

37. What does the following command do?

# what is cal

74. What will be the behavior of the following command:

# echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward