MCQs > IT & Programming > PostgreSQL MCQs > Basic PostgreSQL MCQs

Basic PostgreSQL MCQ

1. When should sub queries be used?

Answer

Correct Answer: To define the set of rows to be included in a view

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2. Can you define variables in PostgreSQL pl/pgSQL whose value cannot be null?

Answer

Correct Answer: Yes, you can use 'NOT NULL' after datatype

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3. Which of the following holds true for functions in PostgreSQL?

Answer

Correct Answer: All of the above

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4. Which of the following is not defined in the PL/pgSQL?

Answer

Correct Answer: %Coltype

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5. What is a rollback of transactions normally used for?

Answer

Correct Answer: To recover from the transaction failure

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6. Which character function should be used to return a specified portion of a character string?

Answer

Correct Answer: SUBSTR

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7.

What do you infer from the following declarations?

1. arrayA type[]

2. arrayB type[][]


Answer

Correct Answer:

arrayA is a single dimension array variable


arrayB is a multi dimension array variable


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8. Which of the following help PostgreSQL avoid unnecessary locking of records?

Answer

Correct Answer: MVCC

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9. Which of the following trigger function variables is not defined?

Answer

Correct Answer: TG_WHERE

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10.

Will the following function compile and execute?

DECLARE

   intValue int4;

BEGIN

   intValue := 20 * 20;

   return intValue;

END;


Answer

Correct Answer:

It will compile and will produce 400 as output 


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11. If entity x is existence-dependent on entity y, then what is x called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Subordinate entity

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12.

You want to manipulate some value in the database upon updation in a trigger function. Which line of the code would be appropriate?

Answer

Correct Answer:

IF TG_OP = ''UPDATE'' THEN

       --Modify the database value

    END IF;  



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13.

Consider the following structure of the students table:

        rollno        number(4)

        name          varchar(20)

        course        varchar(20)

What will be the query to display the courses in which the number of students enrolled is more than 5?


Answer

Correct Answer:

Select course from students group by course having count(*) > 5;


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14. Which of the following files controls the host based authentication in PostgreSQL?

Answer

Correct Answer: pg_hba.conf

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15. Which of the following statements are incorrect regarding referential integrity?

Answer

Correct Answer: The on delete cascade clause will work only if there is a reference to a primary key
Referential integrity can only be applied while creating the table

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16. Which of the following statements are true for ordinary views?

Answer

Correct Answer: A view is stored in the data dictionary
Views provide a more secure way of data retrieval

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17. Which of the following variable declarations is not correct?

Answer

Correct Answer: net_amt FLOAT(2);

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18. You have defined a function "Calculate()" in the template1 database. What will happen when you create a new database "ManagementDB" there?

Answer

Correct Answer: The function will be cloned to the new database

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19. Which of the following values is not defined to indicate the level of the raise event?

Answer

Correct Answer: ERROR

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20. Choose the correct statements for a trigger function:

Answer

Correct Answer: It is created using the CREATE FUNCTION command
It returns a value of triger or opaque datatype

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21. Which of the following are valid in a declare block?

Answer

Correct Answer: intCustomerId int4 := 67;
intCustomerId int4;

intCustomerId int4;

intCustomerId:= 67


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22. Which of the following clauses are not allowed in a single row sub-query?

Answer

Correct Answer: None of above

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23. Which of the following functionalities is supported by the pg_ctl script?

Answer

Correct Answer: status
start
stop
restart

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24. There are two tables A and B. You are retrieving data from both tables where all rows from table B and only matching rows from table A should be displayed. Which type of join will you apply between tables A and B?

Answer

Correct Answer: Right outer join

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25. Every Boyce-Codd Normal Form(BCNF) is in:

Answer

Correct Answer: 3.5 Normal Form

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26. Which of the following geometric types is not defined in PostgreSQL?

Answer

Correct Answer: hexagon

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27. Which of the following can be used to uniquely identify a row?

Answer

Correct Answer: Primary Key

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28. Which of the following copy commands will work in PostgreSQL?

Answer

Correct Answer: All of the above

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29. Data validation can be implemented at the definition stage through:

Answer

Correct Answer: Check constraints with specified values
Default value of a column

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30. Which of the following date and time constants are not defined in PostgreSQL?

Answer

Correct Answer: current_day

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31. Which of the following cannot be used as the operator name while creating a new operator?

Answer

Correct Answer: None of the above

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32.

The names of those departments where there are more than 100 employees have to be displayed. Given two relations, employees and departments, which query should be used?

Employee

---------

Empno

Employeename

Salary

Deptno

Department

---------

Deptno

Departname


Answer

Correct Answer:

Select departname from department where deptno in (select deptno

from employee group by deptno having count(*) > 100);



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33. Which of the following statements are correct with regard to PostgreSQL?

Answer

Correct Answer: PostgreSQL supports native language PL/pgSQL
PostgreSQL supports SQL92 joins

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34. In which order are primary queries and their sub-queries interpreted:

Answer

Correct Answer: lowest sub query followed by sub query followed by prime query

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35. Select the appropriate query for the Products table when data should be primarily ordered by ProductGroup. ProductGroup should be displayed in ascending order and CurrentStock should be in descending order:

Answer

Correct Answer: Select * from Products order by ProductGroup,CurrentStock DESC

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36. Which of the following programming structures is not available in PL/pgSQL?

Answer

Correct Answer: DO WHILE

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37.

Food Cart Accounting System (FOCAS) is maintaining products in the products table, and wants to see the products which are 50 or more numbers far from the minimum stock limit. The structure of the Products table is:

        ProductID

        ProductName

        CurrentStock

        MinimumStock

Two possible queries are:

Statement 1: select * from products where currentStock>MinimumStock+50

Statement 2: select * from products where currentStock-50>MinimumStock

Select an option which is more suitable for these queries:


Answer

Correct Answer:

Both statements 1 and 2 are correct


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38. Which of the following are supported by PostgreSQL?

Answer

Correct Answer: Multi version concurrency control transactions
Multi-user support
Declarative SQL queries
Query optimization

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39. What is the first step for manually installing PL/pgSQL in PostgreSQL?

Answer

Correct Answer: Use 'CREATE FUNCTION' to create the procedural call handler

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40.

A handler named 'plpgsqlHandle()' is created for installing PL/pgSQL. For creating the handler on 'SwineDB' database you would issue a command:

Answer

Correct Answer:

SwineDB=# CREATE LANGUAGE 'plpgsql' HANDLER plpgsqlHandle

SwineDB-#                           LANCOMPILER 'Install PL/pgSQL';

CREATE



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41. Perfect Services provides financial services. You need to display data from the pers table for joining_date from '1/1/2005' to '31/12/2005' and the job should be for Analyst or Clerk or Salesman. Which select statement will you use?

Answer

Correct Answer: select * from Pers where joining_date between '1/1/2005' and '31/12/2005' and (job='Analyst' or job='Clerk' or job='Salesman')

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42. Which of the following keywords can be used to ignore the return data of a function?

Answer

Correct Answer: PERFORM

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43. Which of the following statements is correct with regard to PostgreSQL?

Answer

Correct Answer: It is an Object Relational Database Management System

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44. How can data be accessed by users who do not have direct access to the tables?

Answer

Correct Answer: By creating views
By creating stored procedures

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45. Which of the following statements is not correct about creating a new operator?

Answer

Correct Answer: Name and functionname clause must be specified
COMMUTATOR attribute must be specified

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46. In which of the following ways can a value in an array column be modified?

Answer

Correct Answer: Element modification
Slice modification
Complete modification

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47.

What is the correct order of clauses in the select statement?

1        select

2        order by

3        where

4        having

5        group by


Answer

Correct Answer:

1,3,5,4,2 


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48.

Which of the following holds true when creating the function for a PL/pgSQL call handler, and installing PL/pgSQL in the default directory?

Answer

Correct Answer:

CREATE FUNCTION plpgsqlHandle()

RETURNS OPAQUE

AS '/usr/local/pgsql/lib/plpgsql.so'

LANGUAGE 'C'; 



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49. Which clause should be used to display the rows of a table in ascending order of a particular column?

Answer

Correct Answer: Order By

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50. A wholesale merchant shop needs a report about the sale where total sale of the day is more than $50,000. Which of the following will fulfill this requirement?

Answer

Correct Answer: None of above

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51.

What is wrong in this query:

Select * from Orders where OrderID=(select OrderID from OrderItems where ItemQty>50)


Answer

Correct Answer:

The sub query can return more than one row, so, = should be replaced with in


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52.

What do you understand by the following PL/pgSQL declaration?

c_phone customer.contact_no%TYPE;


Answer

Correct Answer:

This is declaring a new variable c_phone with same type as contact_no column


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53. Which of the following are not DCL operations?

Answer

Correct Answer: Insert
Delete
Update

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54.

What do you infer from the following two lines?

1. host        all        192.168.1.10        255.255.255.255        reject

2. host        all        127.0.0.1             255.255.255.255        trust


Answer

Correct Answer:

Line 1 and Line 2 both are valid host based client config entries


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55. Point out the incorrect statement regarding group functions:

Answer

Correct Answer: Group functions act on a group of rows
Group functions return one result for all the rows operated upon
Group functions ignore the null values

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56. Which of the following is true about PostgreSQL clients?

Answer

Correct Answer: psql is the command line PostgreSQL client and typically installed by default

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57. Which of the following holds true when you have defined a function with "isstrict" attribute?

Answer

Correct Answer: The function will always return a NULL value whenever any of its arguments is NULL

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58.

What would happen on compiling and running the following function?

CREATE FUNCTION loop_function (integer) RETURNS integer AS '

  DECLARE

    result integer;

  BEGIN

    result := $1;

    LOOP

      result := result * result;

      EXIT WHEN result >= 15000;

    END LOOP;

    RETURN result;

  END;

' LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';


Answer

Correct Answer:

The function will compile and will produce numeric output on running  


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59.

You want to update the last modified timestamp in the orders table. The correct way to do this in a PL/pgSQL function, when the parameter integer order_id is passed, would be:

Answer

Correct Answer:

DECLARE

    order_id ALIAS FOR $1;

    mytimestamp timestamp;

  BEGIN

    mytimestamp := ''now'';

    UPDATE orders SET orderid=order_id, lastmodified = mytimestamp;

    RETURN mytimestamp;

  END;

' LANGUAGE 'plpgsql'; 



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60. Which of the following statements regarding ordinary views are incorrect?

Answer

Correct Answer: A view is like a window through which data in tables can be viewed or changed
A view is stored as a select statement only

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61. Which of the following security features is inbuilt in PostgreSQL?

Answer

Correct Answer: SSL on compiling with -with-ssl

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62. Choose the correct statement:

Answer

Correct Answer: All PL/pgSQL expressions in a function, except dynamic queries, are only prepared once during the lifetime of the PostgreSQL backend process

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63. Which of the following options can be used to create and initialize a new database cluster within your file system?

Answer

Correct Answer: initdb

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64.

What does the pg_dump command do?

pg_dump CustomerDatabase


Answer

Correct Answer:

It creates a list of SQL commands used to create db from scratch 


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65. What does the RAISE statement do in PL/pgSQL?

Answer

Correct Answer: Both of the above

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66. Which of the following techniques can be used to obtain a result which is based on comparing one row of a table with another row of the same table?

Answer

Correct Answer: Self Join
Correlated Subquery

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67. Which of the following statements is correct?

Answer

Correct Answer: PostgreSQL is written in C
PostgreSQL can dynamically load compiled code for C on the fly

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68.

What does the following update statement do?

Update OrderTable set OrderDiscount=OrderDiscount*1.10


Answer

Correct Answer:

It increases OrderDiscount of all rows by 10%


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69. Which of the following is correct regarding VACUUM?

Answer

Correct Answer: It deletes the temporary data and recovers the disk space
A VACUUM statement without arguments will clean up each table in the presently connected database

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70. For which of the following languages does PostgreSQL provide an API interface?

Answer

Correct Answer: Python and Perl
C/C++ and Java
PHP and Ruby

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71. The primary key indexing technique does not allow:

Answer

Correct Answer: Duplicate data in a field

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72. Which of the following functions is not available in PostgreSQL?

Answer

Correct Answer: intfrombit

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73. Which statements hold true for Partition Tables?

Answer

Correct Answer: A table may be split into several independent pieces
A partition may be analyzed and exported

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74. Which of the following is not an SQL operator?

Answer

Correct Answer: Having

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75. Which component of a DBMS verifies the syntax of the users query?

Answer

Correct Answer: Parser

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76. Is function overloading available in PL/pgSQL?

Answer

Correct Answer: True

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77. What is a cluster?

Answer

Correct Answer: A method that reorganizes the table on the disc to increase performance

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78. Which of the following is not true regarding single row functions?

Answer

Correct Answer: They cannot be nested

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79.

Examine the following query:

Create table Person

(EmpNo Number(4) not null,

EName Char not null,

Join_dt Date not null,

Pay Number)

Which of the following field(s) are created correctly?


Answer

Correct Answer:

EName


Join_dt


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80. Normalization divides tables in a more useful and meaningful manner. Which statement is correct for the FIRST NORMAL FORM?

Answer

Correct Answer: It must have data stored in a two-dimensional table with no repeating groups

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81. A PL/pgSQL code block is defined with DECLARE, BEGIN and END. How many such sub blocks can be nested within a block?

Answer

Correct Answer: Unlimited

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82. Which of the following date function(s) are invalid?

Answer

Correct Answer: None of above

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83. Choose the correct statement regarding WAL in PostgreSQL:

Answer

Correct Answer: It increases the reliability of the database

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84. Which of the following holds true if you have installed PL/pgSQL in the PgDatabase?

Answer

Correct Answer: All the subsequent databases that are created with PgDatabase as their template, will have PL/pgSQL installed

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85. Which of the following is correct for the postmaster -n debugging option?

Answer

Correct Answer: It stops the postmaster from re-initializing shared data structures

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86. What is the default location of the standard elog?

Answer

Correct Answer: None of the above

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87. What is the default variable for the PROMPT3?

Answer

Correct Answer: '>> '

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88. Which of the following is correct with regard to Password Authentication?

Answer

Correct Answer: pg_shadow table stores the password as plain text
Only superusers have access to the system password storing table

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89.

A steel production company has two sales outlets. Both outlets are maintaining their data separately in servers SVA and SVD. Both outlets use the same structure for the Sales table. Which method will you use to create a combined sales report for both the outlets?


Answer

Correct Answer:

Select * from SVA.Sales union all SVD.Sales 


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90. PostgreSQL triggers can be written in C directly.

Answer

Correct Answer: True

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91. How do you select a single random row from a table?

Answer

Correct Answer: SELECT * FROM tab ORDER BY random() LIMIT 1;

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92.

What command will correctly restore a backup made with the following command?

pg_dump -Fc dbname > filename

Answer

Correct Answer:

psql -f filename dbname


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93. A table can have only one primary key column.

Answer

Correct Answer: True

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94. What is the default ordering when ORDER BY is not specified?

Answer

Correct Answer: The ordering is unknown if not specified

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95. What interfaces are available in the base distribution of PostgreSQL?

Answer

Correct Answer: C

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96. What is the ~ operator?

Answer

Correct Answer: POSIX regular expression match operator

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97. What can be stored in a column of type decimal(4,3)?

Answer

Correct Answer: 4 numeric values with up to 3 digits to the right of the decimal point.

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98. Given a table special_products that inherits from a table store_products, which of the following statements will modify store_products only without affecting its child table?

Answer

Correct Answer: UPDATE ONLY store_products SET name = 'Wine' WHERE id = 2;

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99. What is the effect of turning fsync off in postgresql.conf?

Answer

Correct Answer: File synchronization will be deactivated

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100. Does PostgreSQL support SSL?

Answer

Correct Answer: Yes

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101. Which of the following statements will retrieve the number of values stored in an array column?

Answer

Correct Answer: SELECT array_dims(products) FROM store_products;

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102. Which of the following statements will create a table?

Answer

Correct Answer: SELECT * INTO products_backup FROM special_products;

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103. Which of the following statements will create a table special_products which is a child of the table store_products?

Answer

Correct Answer: CREATE TABLE special_products (quality int) INHERITS store_products;

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104. How will you rank text search results?

Answer

Correct Answer: With the ts_rank function

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105. If max_connections is 10 and 10 connections are currently active, how can you be sure the superuser will be available to connect?

Answer

Correct Answer: Set superuser_reserved_connections in postgresql.conf

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106. Which of the following statements will create a table with a multidimensional array as second column?

Answer

Correct Answer: CREATE TABLE favorite_books (customer_id integer, themes_and_titles text[][]);

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107.

Consider the following empty table:

CREATE TABLE example (

    a integer,

    b integer,

    c integer,

    UNIQUE (a, c)

);

Which of the following inserts will cause an error?

Answer

Correct Answer:

insert into example (a, b, c) values (1, 2, 3), (1, 4, 3);


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108. What is the name of the special time input with value 00:00:00.00 UTC?

Answer

Correct Answer: None of the above

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109. How do you create a table with a field of the int array type?

Answer

Correct Answer: create table foo (bar integer[]);

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110. While creating a table with a field of the serial type, a sequence will be created.

Answer

Correct Answer: True

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111. An ISO-8601 time may be entered into a table using the numeric format 012411 instead of 01:24:11.

Answer

Correct Answer: True

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112.

SELECT !!3;

What output will this statement give?

Answer

Correct Answer:

6


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113.

SELECT rtrim('foobar', 'abr');

The result of this statement is foo.

Answer

Correct Answer:

True


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114. Which kind of index can be declared unique?

Answer

Correct Answer: Hash

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115. What i s the difference between tokens and lexemes?

Answer

Correct Answer: A lexeme is a string while a token is an intege

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116.

The following statement will retrieve the second element of the array column products in table store_products.

SELECT products[1] FROM store_products;

Answer

Correct Answer:

True


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117. To backup a database, the postmaster daemon must be halted.

Answer

Correct Answer: True

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118. Which of the following statements will produce an error?

Answer

Correct Answer: SELECT now()::int;

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119. What is the command used to import a backup made with pg_dumpall > file.dmp?

Answer

Correct Answer: psql -f file.dmp

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120. For proper results, which of the following should contain a tsvector?

Answer

Correct Answer: Lexemes

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121. When using LIKE to compare strings, what is the wildcard operator (operator which matches zero or more characters)?

Answer

Correct Answer: *

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122. Which PostgreSQL version added the enum datatype?

Answer

Correct Answer: 8.0

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123. Which function should be used to highlight the results?

Answer

Correct Answer: ts_highlight

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124. While creating a trigger, the function it will call may be created after it and attached to it.

Answer

Correct Answer: False

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125. What is the storage size of an integer on a 64bit system?

Answer

Correct Answer: 4bytes

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126. What is the difference between to_tsvector() and ::tsvector ?

Answer

Correct Answer: to_tsvector () can be used in select statements, while ::tsvector cannot

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127. How do you alter a column to forbid null values?

Answer

Correct Answer: None of the above

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128. Which one of the following text search functions does not exist?

Answer

Correct Answer: plainto_tsvecto

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129. What is true regarding file system backup?

Answer

Correct Answer: It can only be used to backup the whole database

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130. What is the well known port number for the postgresql database service?

Answer

Correct Answer: 5432

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131.

Consider the following query:

Create table foo (bar varchar);

What will be the size limit of the bar?

Answer

Correct Answer:

No limit (It will be equivalent to the text)


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132. How will you list the available functions from psql?

Answer

Correct Answer: \df

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133. Which of the following queries will create a table with two fields, "id" and "name" with "id" as an auto incrementing primary key?

Answer

Correct Answer: create table foo (id serial primary key, name varchar(255));

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134. How will you change the TCP port which PostgreSQL will listen to?