Policing (Introduction) MCQ Questions Answers

1. _____ is defined as a model that involves using data and analysis to predict future police problems and implement strategies to resolve problems

2. _____ is privately hired to patrol and inspect property to protect against fire, theft, vandalism, terrorism, and illegal activity

3. Is private detectives and investigators detectives (investigators) who are not members of the police but are hired by individual clients or companies and are often licensed by the state?

4. _____ is known as typically employees who conduct security activities within an organization

5. _____ is defined as consist of in-house management personnel with contract officers

6. _____ is hired to act as security agents for casino managers and patrons

7. Is executive protection agents private security personnel hired to protect executives, attorneys, wealthy families, sports celebrities, movie stars, and political figures, among others?

8. _____ is known as security guards or security officers hired by organizations from outside agencies to secure and protect assets and personnel

9. _____ is defined as “Illegal or unethical acts that violate the fiduciary responsibility of public trust by an individual or organization, usually during the course of legitimate occupational activity, by persons of high or respectable social status for personal or organizational gain”

10. _____ is “Crime that takes place across national borders . . . [that] is poorly understood but has had profound consequences for the ordering of the world system”

11. Is task force law enforcement strategy based on the promotion and use of interagency cooperation; these units are normally headed by a federal law enforcement agency with local police officers being detailed or assigned to work on the task forces?

12. _____ is known as a loose network of individuals living in the United States who profess to believe that federal, state, and local governments operate illegally

13. _____ is defined as federal legislation enacted in 1970 that allows prosecutors to go after the organization rather than individuals; defines racketeering in a broad manner and makes it a crime to belong to an organization involved in a pattern of racketeering

14. _____ is formal policy implemented by Russian authorities following the collapse of the former Soviet Union, whose goal was to introduce a more democratic form of government and a free-market economy for Russian citizens

15. Is organized crime any group having some manner of a formalized structure and whose primary objective is to obtain money through illegal activities; such groups maintain their position through the use of actual or threatened violence, corrupt public officials, graft, or extortion, and they generally have a significant impact on the people in their locales, their region, or the country as a whole?

16. _____ is agreement for free trade among the United States, Canada, and Mexico that became effective in 1994

17. Is money laundering attempts to disguise the original source of monies, normally through illegal means, and infuse said monies into the legitimate marketplace?

18. _____ is known as in the context of law enforcement or emergency response preparedness, these are the individuals to provide the first line of defense (police officers, firefighters, emergency medical personnel, public utility personnel, etc.)

19. _____ is defined as also known as the Yakuza, the criminal organization initially formed in Japan that has since developed into a transnational organized crime group

20. _____ is automatically detects a speeding violation; photographs or video records the driver, the vehicle, and the license plate; and records vehicle speed and typically the date, time, and location

21. Is national security letters (NSLs) written demands from the FBI that compel Internet service providers, credit companies, financial institutions, and others to hand over confidential records about their customers (such as subscriber information, phone numbers, email addresses, and websites visited)?

22. _____ is known as digital dispatch and data communications system for field officers; also called a mobile digital computer

23. _____ is defined as reads license plates of parked and moving vehicles and compares them to vehicle databases

24. _____ is lADARs (LAser Detection and Ranging) or LIDARs (Light Detection And Ranging) use laser light to determine speed

25. Is internet protocol (IP) cameras cCTV cameras that use the Internet to transmit image data and control signals over an Ethernet link?

26. _____ is known as a computerized data warehouse designed to allow police officers to search for suspects based on nicknames, tattoos, country of origin, vehicle make and model, and other characteristics in partnership with the Illinois State Police and residents of Chicago

27. _____ is defined as talking surveillance cameras

28. _____ is computer software that captures, analyzes, stores, and presents spatial data and makes it easy to visualize and interpret geographic information

29. Is foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) specifies that the purpose of electronic surveillance must be to obtain intelligence in the United States on foreign powers (such as enemy agents or spies) or individuals connected to international terrorist groups?

30. _____ is known as takes an image of the finger and determines whether the pattern of ridges and valleys in the image matches the pattern of ridges and valleys in prescanned images

31. _____ is defined as prohibits employers from requiring applicants to take a polygraph test or from using PDD results in the hiring or promoting of employees or as a basis for discipline or discharge

32. _____ is a speed detection system using infrared beams to measure a car’s speed as it passes through a three-foot-long section of road using sensors placed on each side of the road to detect when a vehicle enters and exits the section

33. Is electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) wiretapping regulation that protects email, pagers, and cell phone calls?

34. _____ is known as aircraft without a human pilot on board controlled either by computers or remotely by an operator on the ground or in another vehicle

35. _____ is defined as one of two types of molecules that encode genetic information

36. _____ is connects FBI wiretapping rooms to switches controlled by traditional landline operators, internet-telephone providers, and cellular companies

37. Is density analysis maps maps used to reveal areas with elevated crime activity, known as hot spots?

38. _____ is known as the process of using a GIS to conduct spatial analysis of crime problems and other police issues

39. _____ is defined as the systematic study of crime and disorder problems, including sociodemographic, spatial, and temporal factors

40. _____ is a system in which dispatch is accomplished through the use of computers

41. Is cCTV closed-circuit television?

42. _____ is known as pharmaceutical or sedative drugs that produce a calming or tranquil state

43. _____ is defined as a defense covering worn by police officers that is usually constructed of woven fibers that are sewn into a vest or soft clothing

44. _____ is a means for automatically determining the geographic location of a vehicle and transmitting the information to a requester, most often through the use of GPS

45. Is automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) technology that uses optical character recognition to read the license plates on vehicles?

46. _____ is known as preconceived notions based on prior encounters, word of mouth/rumor/gossip, and information provided by the media

47. _____ is defined as refers to the provision of appropriate police services promptly and competently, with appropriate referrals in cases not within agency jurisdiction

48. _____ is from the police perspective, they include all of the activities in which police engage while attempting to develop or maintain a favorable public image

49. Is psychological harassment harassment based on the use of racial slurs and other attempts to embarrass or humiliate members of the minority group?

50. _____ is known as refers to the fact that Black police officers can often gather information that would be extremely difficult for White officers to gather; that having Black police officers on the force may make charges of racial brutality against the police less likely; and that federal funding is partly dependent on equal employment opportunities and affirmative action programs

51. _____ is defined as Consists of both human and public relations

52. _____ is discrimination that results, in part at least, from being a member of a particular work group

53. Is mandatory data collection primarily in response to the racial profiling issues associated with the late 1990s and early 2000s, the federal government and each individual state mandated that law enforcement agencies maintain data regarding demographic issues during police stops of vehicles (i.e., race of the driver and occupants of the vehicle stopped, reason or probable cause for the stop, whether or not any occupants or the vehicle was searched, justification for the search, length of detention, and whether or not any tickets were issued or arrests made)?

54. Is legal cynicism a cultural orientation in which the law and the agents of its enforcement are viewed as illegitimate, unresponsive, and ill equipped to ensure public safety?

55. _____ is known as refers to the fact that Black officers were not fully accepted by their White coworkers and were also distrusted by other Blacks

56. _____ is defined as a voluntary process in which community members and officers sit down in a neutral and confidential setting facilitated by a professional mediator to discuss their differences

57. _____ is refers to the fact that the police are public employees and are therefore accountable to the public for their actions

58. Is shakedowns type of corruption that involves officers taking money or other valuables and personal services from offenders they have caught during the commission of a crime; drug dealers, pimps, and motorists are among the favored targets for this practice?

59. _____ is known as type of wrongdoing normally associated with the use of racial slurs and other negative descriptions of certain classes of citizens (e.g., gays, drug addicts, homeless persons, and protestors, to name the most common)

60. _____ is defined as the most egregious of all forms of misconduct; involves police officers taking money or other valuables in exchange for their protection of criminal activities

61. _____ is form of misconduct pertaining to situations in which officers circumvent the law to serve what they perceive to be the greater good (e.g., manufacturing probable cause, perjury to gain a conviction in court)

62. Is mollen Commission created by former New York City mayor Rudolph Giuliani in 1994 and headed by retired New York Supreme Court justice Milton Mollen, the charge of the committee was to investigate allegations of misconduct, analyze the effectiveness of anticorruption mechanisms within the department, and offer recommendations for improvement?

63. _____ is defined as taking inappropriate action or intentionally giving incorrect information

64. _____ is term coined by the Knapp Commission to describe officers who engage widely in corrupt and unlawful practices during the performance of their duties

65. Is malfeasance any intentional act that either is based on illegality or disregards the law enforcement code of ethics or a departmental policy?

66. _____ is known as investigative committee formed in 1894 by the city of New York in response to allegations of large-scale corruption among NYPD officers; this form of investigation set the stage for many cities and states in the years that followed

67. _____ is defined as type of police corruption that refers to the practice of obtaining goods, services, or money for business referrals by police officers (e.g., attorneys, doctors, tow truck operators, auto body shops, and board-up service companies)

68. _____ is a federal investigation into allegations of misconduct to analyze the effectiveness of anti-corruption mechanisms within the CPD and offer recommendations for improvement

69. Is internal affairs units units within police agencies that receive and investigate complaints concerning police misconduct, investigate possible indicators of police misconduct, prosecute officers who appear to be responsible for serious misconduct, and collect intelligence on misconduct and share it with police administrators?

70. _____ is defined as the internal affairs division of a law enforcement agency investigates incidents and plausible suspicions of lawbreaking and professional misconduct attributed to officers on the force

71. _____ is specially trained officers used to obtain intelligence regarding corrupt police practices

72. Is excessive use of force also referred to as police brutality, this form of malfeasance pertains to situations in which officers overextend their legal authority by using excessive force to arrest or coerce information from individuals with whom they interact during the course of their duties?

73. _____ is known as administrative practice of identifying officers whose behavior is problematic, intervening to correct the problem behavior, and monitoring intervention of those who have received it

74. _____ is defined as the most widespread category of police misconduct; includes a wide variety of unauthorized material inducements or gratuities, ranging from discounted clothing and meals to free alcoholic beverages and commercial sex

75. _____ is groups of citizens (other than police officers) who investigate complaints against the police and recommend punishment in cases where it appears to be justified by the facts

76. Is racial profiling occurs when an officer considers race as part of a decision to take, or not to take, law enforcement action; legally, an officer can consider race only as part of a specific, reliable suspect description tied to a particular crime?

77. _____ is known as arbitrary and fixed numbers of citations or stops (or some other measure of activity) that officers are required to meet on a periodic basis

78. _____ is defined as standards of conduct based on moral and professional principles that influence a variety of actions taken or not taken by police officers on and off duty

79. _____ is a police officer’s exercise of individual choices or judgments concerning possible courses of action

80. Is nonfeasance the reluctance of generally honest police officers to report misconduct committed by their peers; this reluctance on the part of honest officers has been identified as one of the factors perpetuating this issue and is often the result of the influence of the police subculture?

81. _____ is known as investigative committee formed in 1972 by the city of New York in response to allegations of large-scale corruption among NYPD officers; set the stage for many cities and states in the years that followed

82. _____ is defined as term coined by the Knapp Commission to refer to officers who engage in minor acts of corrupt practices (acceptance of gratuities, etc.) and passively accept the wrongdoings of other officers

83. _____ is the study of right and wrong, duty, responsibility, and personal character—all of these concepts have an implicit modifier—“moral”—attached to them; ethics is concerned with moral duty, what is morally right and wrong

84. Is code of conduct revised as of 2005, this code was formed and adopted by the International Association of Chiefs of Police, which sets forth standards of conduct for police officers on and off duty?

85. _____ is known as police practice that results from enforcement of the law based on any number of personal and occupational-based biases

86. _____ is defined as an order in writing, issued by a judicial authority, authorizing a police officer to take specific actions

87. _____ is federal legislation passed in 2002 that represented a major reorganization of national security agencies; it created the Department of Homeland Security, which conducts services previously handled by other organizations

88. Is totality of circumstances requires that an officer has a particularized and objective basis for suspecting that a particular person is or has been involved in criminal activity; may be based on a variety of objective observations, information from police reports, and consideration of modes or patterns of operation of certain kinds of offenders from which a police officer may draw inferences and make deductions concerning the probability that the party in question is involved in criminal conduct?

89. Is terrorism the unlawful use of force or threat of force against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, a civilian population, or any part thereof in furtherance of political or social objectives; “[t]he premeditated and unlawful act in which groups or agents of some principal engage in a threatened or actual use of force or violence against human or property targets. These groups or agents engage in this behavior intending the purposeful intimidation of governments or people to affect policy or behavior with an underlying political objective”?

90. _____ is electroshock weapon that uses electrical current to disrupt voluntary control of muscles

91. Is seizure of property occurs when there is some meaningful interference with an individual’s possessory interests in that property?

92. _____ is known as occurs when an expectation of privacy that society is prepared to consider reasonable is infringed upon

93. _____ is defined as generally refers to what a reasonable person, in similar circumstances, based on similar information, might conclude

94. _____ is when based on objective facts and logical conclusions given a specific set of circumstances, may be used as the basis for stopping and frisking suspicious individuals

95. Is probable cause exists when facts and circumstances within a police officer’s knowledge, which are based on reasonably trustworthy information, are sufficient to warrant a person of reasonable caution to believe that an offense has been or is being committed by the person being arrested?

96. _____ is known as implies that no person can be compelled to incriminate himself or herself—the suspect need not answer questions or disclose information that would support his or her own conviction

97. _____ is defined as holds that if a police officer sees an incriminating object in plain view during a legitimate stop, he or she may seize the object

98. _____ is Legal responsibility for costs or damages

99. Is lethal or deadly force force that may result in great bodily harm or death?

100. _____ is known as force used by an officer that is not likely to result in serious bodily harm or death