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Principles of Microeconomics MCQ

1. What is utility maximization?

Answer

Correct Answer: An assumption that people try to achieve the highest level of utility given their budget constraint.

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2. What is included in total costs?

Answer

Correct Answer: The sum of variable costs and fixed costs

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3. What is the total cost?

Answer

Correct Answer: The sum of variable and fixed costs

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4. A time-series graph plots a variable over what?

Answer

Correct Answer: Time

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5. What is a time-series graph?

Answer

Correct Answer: A graph that plots a variable over time, usually with time on the horizontal axis.

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6. What is TANF?

Answer

Correct Answer: Temporary Assistance to Needy Families program

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7. What was the Smoot-Hawley tariff?

Answer

Correct Answer: A set of tariffs imposed in 1930 that raised the average tariff level to 59 percent by 1932.

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8. What was the average tariff level in 1932?

Answer

Correct Answer: 59 percent

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9. What does the rule of reason require in order for antitrust cases to be decided?

Answer

Correct Answer: The existence of monopoly power and the intent to restrict trade

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10. What is the main purpose of revenue tariff?

Answer

Correct Answer: To provide revenue to the government

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11. What is the main purpose of a revenue tariff?

Answer

Correct Answer: To provide revenue to the government.

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12. What does return refer to in finance?

Answer

Correct Answer: The income received from the ownership of an asset

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13. What does the word "quota" mean?

Answer

Correct Answer: A governmental limit on the quantity of a good that may be imported or sold.

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14. What is a public good?

Answer

Correct Answer: A good or service that has two characteristics: nonrivalry in consumption and nonexcludability.

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15. What do public choice models assume?

Answer

Correct Answer: That those in government take actions to maximize their own well-being.

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16. What is the primary goal of those in government according to public choice models?

Answer

Correct Answer: Getting reelected

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17. Which of the following is an advantage of a proportional tax?

Answer

Correct Answer: The amount of tax paid is known in advance.

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18. What is property tax?

Answer

Correct Answer: A tax on the value of property owned.

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19. What are property rights?

Answer

Correct Answer: Rights over the use, sale, and proceeds from a good or resource.

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20. What is the definition of profits?

Answer

Correct Answer: Total revenue received from selling the product minus the total costs of producing the product

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21. What does "profit" mean?

Answer

Correct Answer: Total revenue received from selling the product minus the total costs of producing the product.

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22. What is Profit Sharing?

Answer

Correct Answer: A program where managers and employees receive a share of profits earned by the company.

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23. What is the name of the programs where managers and employees receive a share of profits earned by the firing?

Answer

Correct Answer: Profit sharing programs

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24. What is the definition of profit maximization?

Answer

Correct Answer: The highest possible level of profits—total revenue minus total costs—given their production function

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25. What is the goal of a firm that is profit maximizing?

Answer

Correct Answer: To achieve the highest possible level of profits

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26. What is the production possibilities curve?

Answer

Correct Answer: A curve showing the maximum combinations of production of two goods that are possible, given the economy’s resources.

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27. What is the term for a curve showing the maximum combinations of production of two goods that are possible, given the economy’s resources?

Answer

Correct Answer: Production possibilities curve

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28. What is "opportunity cost"?

Answer

Correct Answer: The value of the next-best forgone alternative that was not chosen because something else was chosen.

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29. What is normative economics?

Answer

Correct Answer: Economic analysis that makes recommendations about economic policy.

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30. What is normal profits?

Answer

Correct Answer: The amount of accounting profits when economic profits are equal to zero.

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31. What is the amount of accounting profits when economic profits are equal to zero?

Answer

Correct Answer: Normal profits

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32. What is a normal good?

Answer

Correct Answer: A good for which demand increases when income rises and decreases when income falls.

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33. What is the definition of "multilateral negotiations"?

Answer

Correct Answer: Simultaneous tariff reductions on the part of many countries

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34. What is the meaning of "multilateral"?

Answer

Correct Answer: Involving multiple countries

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35. What is movement along the curve called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Coordinate Shift

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36. What is Moral Hazard?

Answer

Correct Answer: A situation in which a person buys insurance against some risk and subsequently takes actions that increase the risks

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37. What is the definition of monopsony?

Answer

Correct Answer: A situation in which there is a single buyer of a particular good or service in a given market

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38. What does a monopoly refer to?

Answer

Correct Answer: One firm in an industry selling a product for which there are no close substitutes.

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39. What is the main characteristic of monopolistic competition?

Answer

Correct Answer: Many firms selling differentiated products

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40. What is a mixed economy?

Answer

Correct Answer: A market economy in which the government plays a very large role

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41. What is the minimum wage?

Answer

Correct Answer: Wage per hour below which it is illegal to pay workers.

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42. What is the minimum efficient scale?

Answer

Correct Answer: The smallest scale of production for which long-run average total cost is at a minimum.

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43. What is the focus of microeconomics?

Answer

Correct Answer: Individual decision-making at firms and households

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44. What is the Medicare?

Answer

Correct Answer: Government health insurance program for the elderly

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45. What is Medicare?

Answer

Correct Answer: Medicare is a government health insurance program for the elderly.

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46. What is Medicaid?

Answer

Correct Answer: A health insurance program designed primarily for families with low incomes.

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47. What does the median voter theorem state?

Answer

Correct Answer: That the median or middle of political preferences will be reflected in government decisions.

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48. What is the law of supply?

Answer

Correct Answer: The tendency for the quantity supplied of a good in a market to increase as its price rises.

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49. What is the law of demand?

Answer

Correct Answer: The tendency for the quantity demanded of a good in a market to decline as its price rises.

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50. The law of demand states that the quantity demanded of a good in a market will _____ as its price rises.

Answer

Correct Answer: Decline

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51. What is a labor union?

Answer

Correct Answer: A coalition of workers, organized to improve the wages and working conditions of the members.

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52. What is an industrial union?

Answer

Correct Answer: A union organized within a given industry, whose members come from a variety of occupations.

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53. Where is the individual demand curve located?

Answer

Correct Answer: On the y-axis

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54. What is an indifference curve?

Answer

Correct Answer: A curve showing the combinations of two goods that leave the consumer with the same level of utility

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55. What does an indifference curve show?

Answer

Correct Answer: The combinations of two goods that leave the consumer with the same level of utility

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56. What is a situation in which producing more of one good requires giving up an increasing amount of production of another good?

Answer

Correct Answer: Increasing opportunity cost

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57. What is income inequality?

Answer

Correct Answer: Disparity in levels of income among individuals in the economy.

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58. What is the income elasticity of demand?

Answer

Correct Answer: The percentage change in quantity demanded of a good divided by the percentage change in income.

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59. What is human capital?

Answer

Correct Answer: A person's accumulated knowledge and skills

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60. What do housing assistance programs provide subsidies for?

Answer

Correct Answer: Both renting housing for low-income families and building low-income housing

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61. What is GDP?

Answer

Correct Answer: The value of all the goods and services newly produced in an economy during a specified period of time

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62. What is government failure?

Answer

Correct Answer: A situation in which the government makes things worse than the market, even though there may be market failure.

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63. Which of the following is not a type of fringe benefit?

Answer

Correct Answer: Direct money payments

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64. What are some examples of fringe benefits?

Answer

Correct Answer: Insurance, retirement benefits, vacation time, and maternity and sick leave

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65. Prices that are determined by the individuals and firms interacting in markets are what?

Answer

Correct Answer: Freely determined prices

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66. What are "freely determined prices"?

Answer

Correct Answer: Prices that are determined by the individuals and firms interacting in markets.

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67. What is an FTA?

Answer

Correct Answer: An area that has no trade barriers between the countries in the area.

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68. What is the equilibrium risk-return relationship?

Answer

Correct Answer: The positive relationship between the risk and the expected rate of return on an asset

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69. What is the equilibrium quantity?

Answer

Correct Answer: The quantity traded at the equilibrium price.

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70. What is the equilibrium price?

Answer

Correct Answer: The price at which quantity supplied equals quantity demanded.

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71. What is an emission tax?

Answer

Correct Answer: A charge made to firms that pollute the environment based on the quantity of pollution they emit.

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72. What is the demand for which the price elasticity is greater than 1?

Answer

Correct Answer: Elastic demand

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73. When did the Doha Development Round negotiations open?

Answer

Correct Answer: November 2001

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74. What is the definition of division of labor?

Answer

Correct Answer: The division of production into various parts in which different groups of workers specialize.

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75. What is the division of labor?

Answer

Correct Answer: The division of production into various parts in which different groups of workers specialize

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76. What is the dividend yield?

Answer

Correct Answer: The dividend stated as a percentage of the price of the stock.

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77. What is a diseconomy of scale?

Answer

Correct Answer: A situation in which long-run average total cost increases as the output of a firm increases.

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78. What is the process of discounting?

Answer

Correct Answer: Translating a future payment into a value in the present.

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79. What is the present discounted value?

Answer

Correct Answer: The value of a future payment discounted at an interest rate

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80. What is the discount rate?

Answer

Correct Answer: An interest rate used to discount a future payment when computing present discounted value.

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81. What is a customs union?

Answer

Correct Answer: A free trade area with a common external tariff.

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82. What does the Current Population Survey measure?

Answer

Correct Answer: Employment, unemployment, the labor force, and other characteristics of the U.S. population.

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83. Cross-price elasticity of demand is the percentage change in what, divided by the percentage change in the price of another good?

Answer

Correct Answer: The quantity demanded of one good

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84. What is a craft union?

Answer

Correct Answer: A union organized to represent a single occupation, whose members come from a variety of industries.

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85. What is a coupon?

Answer

Correct Answer: The fixed amount that a borrower agrees to pay to the bondholder each year.

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86. How many members are on the Council of Economic Advisers?

Answer

Correct Answer: Three

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87. What is cost-benefit analysis?

Answer

Correct Answer: An appraisal of a project based on the costs and benefits derived from it.

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88. What is a corporate income tax?

Answer

Correct Answer: A tax on the accounting profits of corporations.

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89. What is a cooperative outcome?

Answer

Correct Answer: An equilibrium in a game where the players agree to cooperate.

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90. What is convergence of positions?

Answer

Correct Answer: The concentration of the stances of political parties around the center of citizens' opinions.

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91. What is a controlled experiment?

Answer

Correct Answer: An empirical test of a theory in a controlled setting in which particular effects can be isolated.

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92. What is a contestable market?

Answer

Correct Answer: A market in which the threat of competition is enough to encourage firms to act like competitors.

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93. What does a budget line show?

Answer

Correct Answer: The maximum combinations of two goods that it is possible for a consumer to buy

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94. What is budget constraint?

Answer

Correct Answer: An income limitation on a person's expenditure on goods and services.

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95. What is a budget constraint?

Answer

Correct Answer: An income limitation on a person’s expenditure on goods and services.

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96. What is the formula for average variable cost?

Answer

Correct Answer: Variable costs divided by the quantity produced

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97. What does AVC stand for?

Answer

Correct Answer: Average variable cost

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98. What is average total cost pricing?

Answer

Correct Answer: A regulatory method that stipulates that the firm charge a price that equals average total cost.

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99. What does ATC stand for?

Answer

Correct Answer: Average total cost

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100. What is the average tax rate?

Answer

Correct Answer: The total tax paid divided by the total taxable income.

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101. What is average revenue?

Answer

Correct Answer: Total revenue divided by quantity

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102. What is average fixed cost?

Answer

Correct Answer: Fixed costs divided by the quantity produced

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