1. The memory system that temporarily holds information from sensory memory that we are attending to, until the information is either no longer attended to or moved to long-term memory is known as:
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Working memory
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2. A subsystem of Baddeley’s model of working memory responsible for briefly processing visual information is called __________ .
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Visuospatial sketchpad
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3. Top-down processing means conscious use of our prior knowledge, expectations, or context to perceive stimuli.
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True
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4. The process in which information is held or kept between encoding and retrieval is called ________ .
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Storage
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5. Memory process in which accessing one concept can lead to activation of other related concepts is known as:
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Spreading activation
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6. The memory system that temporarily holds information from sensory memory that we are attending to, until the information is either no longer attended to or moved to long-term memory is called _________ .
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Short-term memory
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7. ___________ is all the sensory information experienced before that information is processed.
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Sensory memory
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8. Information we have that is not tied directly to our personal experiences, including information about language and the meaning of concepts is called ___________ .
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Semantic memory
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9. Selective attention is the ability to focus on one stimulus and ignore others.
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True
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10. A theory of long-term memory suggesting that information contained within a script, or typical pattern of events, is easier to understand and encode is known as:
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Schema theory
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11. Retrieval is the process by which information is obtained from memory.
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True
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12. __________ is the ability to remember information when presented with a list of choices.
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Recognition
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13. The ability to remember information without being given any choices is known as:
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Recall
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14. Procedural memory is an Information about how to perform certain tasks, such as:
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All of these
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15. Procedural knowledge is an Information about how to do tasks and skills.
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True
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16. A subsystem of Baddeley’s model of working memory responsible for briefly processing verbal or auditory information is called __________ .
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Phonological loop
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17. __________ is the interpretation of the sensory information we encounter that helps us to understand the environment.
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Perception
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18. A theory of long-term memory suggesting that information is encoded in relation to other information is known as:
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Network theory
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19. Is a memory strategy used to help remember small amounts of inMnemonics formation.
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False
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20. ____________ is the repetition of information over and over to keep it activated in working memory.
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Maintenance rehearsal
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21. The component of memory that holds all the information we have learned or experienced is known as:
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Long-term memory
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22. A limitation in keeping information active in short-term memory because new information from sensory memory comes into short-term memory and overrides the activation of old information is called ___________.
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Interference
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23. Episodic memory is a type of Short-term memory that includes personal information from “episodes” in one’s own life.
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False
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24. A subsystem of Baddeley’s model of working memory responsible for integrating information from the visuospatial sketchpad and phonological loop
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Episodic buffer
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25. Encoding is the process by which information or stimuli enter our memory.
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True
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26. A memory strategy used to connect new information to information already learned is known as:
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Elaborative rehearsal
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27. Effortful processing provides conscious attention to difficult or new tasks.
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True
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28. A theory of long-term memory suggesting that we remember information better if we encode the information both verbally and visually is known as:
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Dual-coding theory
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29. Divided attention is the ability to focus on multiple stimuli.
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True
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30. Information about facts, both personal facts (episodic memory) and general facts are called __________ .
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Declarative knowledge
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31. __________ is a neutral process that strengthens memories over time and can take days, weeks, and months to complete.
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Consolidation
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32. Conditional knowledge is an Information about under what conditions or skills can be used.
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True
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33. Chunking means organizing information into smaller units or meaningful bits of information.
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True
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34. Subsystem of Baddeley’s model of working memory that does not store information but manages or oversees the flow of information between the other three systems is known as:
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Central executive
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35. Type of processing that helps explain perception such that individuals begin with specific features of stimuli and automatically piece those features together without using conscious awareness to experience an entire object.
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Bottom-up processing
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36. __________ is a Skill that is applied without conscious thought to accomplish fairly easy or familiar tasks. See also automaticity.
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Automatic processing
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37. The processing of focusing on certain aspects of the environment is known as:
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Attention
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38. Memory for how to do tasks, such as driving a car or playing a musical instrument, is called ______.
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Procedural
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39. Memory for concepts and the meaning of words is called ______.
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Semantic
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40. Memories for events that happened to you are called ______.
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Episodic
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41. Roland wants to remember a 10-digit phone number, so he thinks of it as three separate 3- or 4-digit numbers, rather than as 10 single digits. This strategy is called ______.
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Chunking
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42. People with autism spectrum disorder may have intact ______ memory, but impaired ______ memory.
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Visual; auditory
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43. Danica hears a song and she suddenly starts thinking about the party she was at when she first heard the song. Which memory process is responsible?
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Retrieval
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44. The process by which information gets put into memory is ______.
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Encoding
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45. ______ attention is the ability to focus on a single stimulus, whereas ______ attention refers tofocusing on multiple stimuli.
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Selective; divided
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46. ______ processing is used for easy or familiar tasks, whereas ______ processing is used for difficult or novel tasks.