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Statistics and Probability MCQ

The classical approach to probability requires that the outcomes are _______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Equally likely.

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It is estimated that over ___________% of all crashes in the u.s. are caused by driver distraction.

Answer

Correct Answer: 75

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It has been reported that the use of credit cards increases the ________ of customer spending.

Answer

Correct Answer: Probability

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Selections made with replacement are considered to be _______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Independent

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Tropical rainforests are not located in _______.

Answer

Correct Answer: England

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The ________ of a random variable corresponds to the notion of the mean, or average, for a sample.

Answer

Correct Answer: Expected value

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Smoking and the episodes of lung cancer have a high correlation, but it does not prove ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Causation

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Who, what, when, where, and why are elements of _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Historic events

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If n1 = n2 and n is relatively large, then the t test is relatively robust against ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Violations of the assumptions of homogeneity of variance and normality

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If its assumptions are met, the analysis of variance technique is appropriate when ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: All of the other three options

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As the separation between the two groups of scores increases, uobt ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Increases

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A disadvantage of using an arithmetic mean to summarize a set of data is that __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: It can be biased by one or two extremely small or large values

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If the order of the items selected matters, then we have a _______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Permutation Problem

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When conducting a survey, it is important to choose a sample that __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: To avoid bias and to get a representative sample

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Typically, a focus group should include ________ customers.

Answer

Correct Answer: 8-10

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The population of the united states has grown approximately _____ times since 1790.

Answer

Correct Answer: 100

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The size of the box in a boxplot shows the ____________________ of the data set.

Answer

Correct Answer: Interquartile range

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Nielsen in its credited with providing _______________________ services.

Answer

Correct Answer: Lifestyle

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Maximal oxygen uptake is the best single measurement of __________________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Endurance

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For small samples, t intervals are ___________ z intervals based on the same data set.

Answer

Correct Answer: Wider than

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A(n) ___________ solution satisfies all the constraint expressions simultaneously.

Answer

Correct Answer: Feasible

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Math.pow(3, 3) returns ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: 27

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The form of the continuous uniform probability distribution is _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Rectangular

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When using two predictor variables, these variables should be ____________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Independent

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_____ involves reentering data that was not typed or scanned correctly.

Answer

Correct Answer: Data correctly

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The least squares criterion is _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Min Σ(yi - ŷi)2

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In a probability histogram, there is a correspondence between _______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Area and probability

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Class width is found by _______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Subtracting a lower class limit from the next consecutive lower class limit

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An example of a qualitative variable is _________________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Color of ink in a pen

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The empirical rule applies to distributions that are ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Both

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Checklists with several items to be considered by respondents may be subject to _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Recency effects

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In order to summarize qualitative data, a useful tool is a __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Frequency distribution

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In a multiple rating list scale, ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: It is possible to visualize the results better than with other numerical scales

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The area under the normal curve to the right of mu equals _______.

Answer

Correct Answer: 0

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Sample size and the confidence level width have a (n) __________ relationship.

Answer

Correct Answer: Inverse

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As the degrees of freedom increase, the t distribution approaches the _____ distribution.

Answer

Correct Answer: Normal

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A critical value, z subscript alpha, denotes the _______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Z-score with an area of alpha to its right.

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________ is a single value used to describe the center point of a data set.

Answer

Correct Answer: Central Tendency

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The distribution of sample means ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Will be normal if either the population is normal or the sample size is n>30

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The standard error of estimate can be used for constructing a(n) __________ interval about a value.

Answer

Correct Answer: Prediction

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In point estimation, data from the _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Sample are used to estimate the population parameter

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A contingency table would be used to summarize data such as ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Company employees by gender and organizational title

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A scatter diagram is a(n) __________ step in exploring a relationship between two variables.

Answer

Correct Answer: Preliminary

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The t- distribution for developing a confidence interval for a mean has _____ degrees of freedom.

Answer

Correct Answer: N - 1

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A skewed distribution typically has _____ tail(s) and a normal distribution has ____ tail(s).

Answer

Correct Answer: 1,2

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The ________ measures the total variation in the dependent variable in simple regression analysis.

Answer

Correct Answer: Sum of squares regression

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The ________ measures a distribution's standard deviation in terms of its percentage to the mean.

Answer

Correct Answer: Coefficient of variation

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The test statistics for one-way anova follows the _______.

Answer

Correct Answer: F-distribution

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The probability that a normal random variable is less than its mean is _______.

Answer

Correct Answer: 0.5.

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The parameter p represents the ________ of successes in the population.

Answer

Correct Answer: Proportion

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Children ages 2-5 watch an average of ____ hours of television a week.

Answer

Correct Answer: 28

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A(n) __________ is an unusually small or unusually large data value.

Answer

Correct Answer: Outlier

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In a scatter diagram, we describe the relationship between __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Two variables measured at the interval or ratio level

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In performing a one-way anova, the _________ is the between-group variance.

Answer

Correct Answer: MS Error

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The _____ distribution is used for testing the significance of the slope term.

Answer

Correct Answer: T

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Proportion is ________________

Answer

Correct Answer: The relative size of an object as compared to another, or as compared to the other elements in the piece.

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If a and b are mutually exclusive events with p(a) = 0.2 and p(b) = 0.6, then p(a or b) = _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: 0.8

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A useful estimator for the population mean is the _______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Sample Mean

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The computation of fe ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Is based on known population proportions

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A ____________ variable can have values that are numbers on the real number line.

Answer

Correct Answer: Quantitative

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When using the _______ always be careful to avoid double-counting outcomes.

Answer

Correct Answer: Addition rule

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The _____________ is the best point estimate of the population mean.

Answer

Correct Answer: Sample mean

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The _______ of a discrete random variable represents the mean value of the outcomes.

Answer

Correct Answer: Expected value

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The five number summary can be calculated ___________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Both A & B

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If the chosen significance level is ? = 0.05, then ____________________________________________.

Answer

Correct Answer: There is a 5% probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis

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Behavior is to mental processes as ________ is to ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Talking; understanding

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Automobile exhaust emission of co2 (milligrams per mile) is ____________ data.

Answer

Correct Answer: Ratio Data

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A firm's ________ is defined as its theory about how to gain competitive advantages.

Answer

Correct Answer: Strategy

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A dot plot shows ____________.

Answer

Correct Answer: The general shape of a distribution.

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As the margin of error decreases, the width of the confidence interval _______________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Decrease

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For a fixed sample size, the lower we set α, the higher is the ___________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Type II error

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All of the following are measures of central tendency except the ____________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Range

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A ranking scale is a scale that _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Scores an object without making a direct comparison to another object

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A correlation analysis requires that the data be either ________ data or _______ data.

Answer

Correct Answer: Interval, ratio

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The complement of an event a, within the sample space s, is the event consisting of ____________.

Answer

Correct Answer: All outcomes in S that are not in A

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When a class interval is expressed as 100 up to 200, _________________________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Observations with values of 200 are excluded from the class frequency

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The ____________ hypothesis is not rejected unless there is sufficient sample evidence to do so.

Answer

Correct Answer: Null

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Excel's __________ can be used to construct a frequency distribution for categorical data.

Answer

Correct Answer: COUNTIF function

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In the t test for independent samples, the actual statistical test is__________________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Nondirectional

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When using student's t to compute an interval estimate, ___________.

Answer

Correct Answer: We assume that the samples are collected from normally distributed populations and estimate the population standard deviation based on the sample standard deviation

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A histogram aids in analyzing the _______ of the data.

Answer

Correct Answer: Shape of the distribution

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The total degrees of freedom for an experiment with n1 = 10, n2 = 12, and n3 = 10 is ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: 33

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When a correlation exists, lowering the range of either of the variables will _________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Lower the correlation

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The variance is equal to the _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Squared value of the standard deviation

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The word and in probability implies that we use the ________ rule.

Answer

Correct Answer: Multiplication

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The true sampling error is usually not known because ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: µ is unknown

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The size of the sampling error is ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Inversely related to the sample size—in other words, the larger the sample size, the smaller the sampling error

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The critical value for a hypothesis test _______.

Answer

Correct Answer: The significance level and determines the boundary for the rejection region

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Methods used that summarize or describe characteristics of data are called _______ statistics.

Answer

Correct Answer: Descriptive

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________ probability represents the likelihood of a single event occurring by itself.

Answer

Correct Answer: Simple

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A _____ is a variable that changes the nature of the relationship between two other variables.

Answer

Correct Answer: Independent variable

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________ is defined as recorded facts or figures.

Answer

Correct Answer: Data

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______ are the graphical components of regression analysis.

Answer

Correct Answer: Scatter diagrams

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The t test for independent means is used when each group is tested ____________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Only once

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The t test for correlated groups requires that ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: The sampling distribution of variance is normally distributed

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The t distribution approaches the _______________ distribution as the sample size ___________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Z, increases

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The sum of the differences between sample observations and the sample mean is equal to _______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Zero

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The sampling distribution of chi-square is ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: All of the other three options

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The sample mean is _____ the confidence interval.

Answer

Correct Answer: In the center of

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The range rule of thumb roughly estimates the standard deviation of a data set as _______.

Answer

Correct Answer: S= RANGE/4

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The proportion of scores less than z = 0.00 is _________.

Answer

Correct Answer: 0.50

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The probability distribution of all possible values of the sample mean is called the ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Sampling distribution of the sample mean

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The points at xequals=_______ and xequals=_______ are the inflection points on the normal curve.

Answer

Correct Answer: The points are x= μ− σ and x = μ+ σ

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Probabilities are important information when __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Applying descriptive statistics

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Parameters are associated with __________; whereas, statistics are associated with __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Populations; samples

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Mean absolute deviation, standard deviation, and variance are all measures of the __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Variability of a data set

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In the t test for independent groups, ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: We estimate

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In order to test a nondirectional hypothesis, a researcher would use a __________ test.

Answer

Correct Answer: Critical

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In a contingency table, we describe the relationship between ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Two variables measured at the nomical or ordinal level

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If you are asked to find the 85th percentile, you are being asked to find _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: A data value associated with an area of 0.85 to its right

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If x is a binomial random variable with n=10 and p=0.8, the mean value of x is _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: 8

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If two events are independent, then their joint probability is computed with _________.

Answer

Correct Answer: The special rule of multiplication

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If n1 = 6, n2 = 8 and a = 0.052 tail, ucrit value is ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: 8

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If n = 18 and a = 0.052 tailed, the value of tcrit is ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: 39

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If a binomial distribution has p = .30, then q = ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: 0.70

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If a = 0.05, and df = 4, the value of c 2crit = ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: 9.488

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For the repeated-measures t statistic, df = _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: N1 + n2

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For a data set, half of the observations are always greater than the _______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Median

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Complete the formula: sample size = 0.25 * ( _____ /acceptable error)2

Answer

Correct Answer: Certainty factor

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Based on the regression equation, we can _______________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Predict the value of the dependent variable given a value of the independent variable

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An independent-measures study uses ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: ​a different group of participants for each of the treatment conditions being compared

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An experiment may have ____________.

Answer

Correct Answer: One or more outcomes

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All else being equal, increasing the level of confidence desired will _______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Increase the margin of error.

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A uniform distribution will occur when __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Individuals are competing for an evenly distributed resource such as space

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A scatter chart ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Compares trends over uneven time or measurement intervals

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A sample standard deviation is the best point estimate of the ___________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Population standard deviation

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A probability distribution for all possible values of a sample statistic is known as a _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Sampling distribution

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A population is ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: A group of individuals of a single species that live and interact in one area

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A null hypothesis makes a claim about a __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Population parameter

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A multiple regression model has _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: More than one independent variable

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A critical value, z subscript alphazα, denotes the _______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Z score with an area of fish to its right

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_________ are the characteristics of the individuals of the population being studied.

Answer

Correct Answer: Variables

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