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Discretion and the Police MCQ

Veil of darkness is a methodological technique used to examine ______ profiling which compares stops at night to stops during the day.

Racial

Cultural

Ethical

All of these

Answer

Correct Answer: Racial

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A police officer may stop and frisk a suspect if the police officer has a reasonable suspicion that the person has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a crime.

Tennessee v. Garner (1985)

Terry v. Ohio (1968)

Terry v. Garner (1985)

None of these

Answer

Correct Answer: Terry v. Ohio (1968)

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The use of deadly force is prohibited unless it is necessary to prevent the escape of a fleeing felon and an officer has probable cause to believe that the suspect poses a significant threat of violence to the officer or the public.

Tennessee v. Garner (1985)

Terry v. Ohio (1985)

Terry v. Garner (1985)

None of these

Answer

Correct Answer: Tennessee v. Garner (1985)

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______ Factors unique to each police–citizen encounter that can influence discretion.

Situational

Environmental

Contextual

Both and c

Answer

Correct Answer: Both and c

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_______ factors unique to a police agency that can influence officer discretion.

Organizational

Environmental

Institutional

Answer

Correct Answer: Organizational

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Officer characteristics are personal characteristics that influence use of ______.

Power

Law

Regulations

Discretion

Answer

Correct Answer: Discretion

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Detained criminal suspects, prior to police questioning, must be informed of their constitutional right to an attorney and against self-incrimination is called ______.

Miranda v. Ohio (1966)

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Miranda v.Terry (1966)

Miranda v. Garner (1966)

Answer

Correct Answer: Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

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Evidence obtained in violation of the _______ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which prohibits “unreasonable searches and seizures,” is inadmissible in state courts.

Fourth

Fifth

Sixth

Seventh

Answer

Correct Answer: Fourth

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Those stops in which police officers have little discretion not to stop a ______ are called low discretion stops.

Vehicle

Person

Investigation

Both a and b

Answer

Correct Answer: Both a and b

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Implicit bias is attitudes and stereotypes that affect ______ in an unconscious manner.

Perceptions

Actions

Decisions

All of these

Answer

Correct Answer: All of these

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______ is when discretion is shifted from one part of the criminal justice system to another.

Discretion effect

Ripple effect

Hydraulic effect

None of these

Answer

Correct Answer: Hydraulic effect

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High discretion stops that involve ______ infractions of the law.

Minor

Major

Neutral

All of these

Answer

Correct Answer: Minor

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______ factors that influence officer discretion from sources found outside of police agencies.

Organizational

Environmental

Crime

Institutional

Answer

Correct Answer: Environmental

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