Biological Foundations and Prenatal Development MCQ
_____ helps plant cells divide and is located primarily in roots and fruits.
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Correct Answer:
Cytokinin
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_____ are angiosperms.
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Roses
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A wide range of potential expressions of a genetic trait, depending on environmental opportunities and constraints, is called ______.
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Range of reaction
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Which of the following determines whether a fetus will be male?
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If the ova contains an X chromosome and is fertilized by a Y sperm.
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Nathan has dark curly hair and facial dimples. These characteristics are called ______ traits.
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Correct Answer:
Dominant
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Ali’s labor is progressing too slowly and her doctor determines that the baby is breech. What is the doctor likely to recommend in order to protect the health of the mother and baby?Kelly suffers from the most widely known chromosome disorder. Kelly has ______ syndrome.
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Down
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The 23rd pair of chromosomes specify the ______ of the individual.
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Biological sex
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Kelly suffers from the most widely known chromosome disorder. Kelly has ______ syndrome.
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Down
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The ______ is the set of instructions to construct a living organism.
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Genome
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Under what circumstance is prenatal screening likely to be recommended?
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When genetic counseling determines a risk for genetic abnormalities.
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Katya has brown hair, brown eyes, and fair skin. These traits are part of Katya’s ______.
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Phenotype
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During the ______ period, all of the organs and major body systems are formed.
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Fetal
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According to the epigenetic framework ______.
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Development results from ongoing reciprocal interactions between genetics and environment
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The most widespread and routine method of prenatal diagnosis is ______.
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Ultrasound
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Four-year-old Evan’s parents were star athletes in college and have exposed Evan to sports since he was a baby. In addition to playing ball with his parents, Sam has been enrolled in swimming lessons since he was 10 months old and has recently started playing soccer. Sam is already demonstrating strong athletic skills, despite being very young. This example demonstrates a(n) ______ gene–environment correlation.
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Passive
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During the embryonic period ______.
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The organism is especially vulnerable to damage from teratogens
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A neural tube defect that results in the failure of all or part of the brain to develop, resulting in death prior to or shortly after birth is called anencephaly
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True
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A neural tube that results in ______ growing outside of the vertebrae, often resulting in paralysis and developmental disability is called spina bifida
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Spinal nerves
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A neural tube that results in ______ growing outside of the vertebrae, often resulting in paralysis and developmental disability is called spina bifida
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Correct Answer:
Spinal nerves
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The most severe form of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder accompanying heavy prenatal exposure to alcohol, including a distinct pattern of facial characteristics, growth deficiencies, and deficits in intellectual development is called fetal alcohol syndrome
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True
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The continuum of physical, mental, and behavioral outcomes caused by prenatal exposure to ______ is called fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
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Alcohol
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An environmental factor that causes damage to prenatal development Is called teratogen
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True
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An environmental factor that causes damage to prenatal development is called teratogen
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True
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Kangaroo care is an intervention for low-birth weight babies in which the infant is placed vertically against the parent’s chest, under the shirt, providing skin-to-skin contact.
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True
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Infants who weigh less than 2,500 grams (5.5 pounds) at birth is called
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Low birth weight
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An infant who is full term but who has significantly lower weight than expected for the gestational age is called
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Small for date
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A birth that occurs ______ after conception is called preterm
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35 weeks
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A quick overall assessment of a baby’s immediate health at birth, including appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration is called apgar scale
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True
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A quick overall assessment of a baby’s immediate health at birth, including appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration is called apgar scale
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True
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A surgical procedure that removes the fetus from the uterus through the abdomen known as
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Cesarean Section
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Vernix caseosa is a greasy material that protects the ______ from abrasions, chapping, and hardening that can occur from exposure to amniotic fluid
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Fetal skin
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A fine, down-like hair that covers the fetus’s body is called lanugo
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True
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A gonad in an embryo that has not yet differentiated into testes or ovaries is called indifferent gonad
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True
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Neural tube forms in third week after conception and will develop into the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord).
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True
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Embryonic period occurs about _________ after pregnancy, in which rapid structural development takes place.
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2 to 8 weeks
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The principal organ of exchange between the mother and the developing organism, enabling the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and wastes via the umbilical cord is called.
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Placenta
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The process by which the blastocyst becomes attached to the uterine wall, completed by about ______ after fertilization is called implantation
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10 days
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Prenatal organism between about 2 and 8 weeks after conception; a period of major structural development is called
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Embryo
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Prenatal organism between about 2 and 8 weeks after conception; a period of major structural development is called
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Embryo
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A thin-walled, fluid-filled sphere containing an inner mass of cells from which the embryo will develop; is implanted into the uterine wall during the germinal period is called
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Blastocyst
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Cell differentiation begins roughly _____ hours after fertilization when the organism consists of about 16 to 32 cells.
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72
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Cell differentiation begins roughly _____ hours after fertilization when the organism consists of about 16 to 32 cells.
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72
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Germinal period also referred to as the period of the zygote, refers to the first ______ weeks after conception
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Two
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The female reproductive _____ is called ovum
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Egg cell
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Epigenetic framework is a perspective stating that development results from reciprocal interactions between genetics and the environment such that the expression of genetic inheritance is influenced by environmental forces
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True
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An active gene–environment correlation in which individuals seek out experiences and environments that complement their genetic tendencies is called niche picking
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True
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Gene environment correlation is the idea that many of an individual’s traits are supported by his or her genes and environment; correlation of ______ types exists
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Three
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The tendency for a trait that is biologically programmed to be restricted to only a few outcomes is called canalization
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True
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Range of reaction is the concept that a genetic trait may be expressed in a wide range of phenotypes dependent on environmental opportunities and constraints.
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True
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Gene environment interactions refer to the dynamic interplay between our genes and our environment in determining out characteristics, behavior, physical, cognitive, and social development as well as health.
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True
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A measure of the extent to which variation of a certain trait can be traced to ______ is called heritability
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Genes
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The field of study that examines how genes and environment combine to influence the diversity of human traits, abilities, and behaviors is called behavioral genetics
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True
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The observable physical or behavioral characteristics of a person, eye, hair color, or height is called
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Phenotype
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An individual’s collection of genes that contain instructions for all physical and psychological characteristics, including hair, eye color, personality, health, and behavior is called
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Genotype
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A sudden permanent change in the structure of ______ is called mutations
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Genes
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Down syndrome is also known as trisomy 21; a condition in which a third, extra chromosome appears at the ______ site. Down syndrome is associated with distinctive physical characteristics accompanied by developmental disability.
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21st
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Fragile X syndrome is an example of a dominant–recessive disorder carried on the ______ chromosome
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Correct Answer:
X
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A recessive disorder that prevents the body from producing an enzyme that breaks down phenylalanine (an amino acid) from proteins, that, without treatment, leads to buildup that damages the __________ is called phenylketonuria
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Central nervous system.
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The instance when the expression of a gene is determined by whether it is inherited from mother or father is called
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Genomic imprinting
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Polygenic inheritance occurs when a trait is a function of the interaction of many genes, such as with height, intelligence, and temperament
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True
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Polygenic inheritance occurs when a trait is a function of the interaction of many genes, such as with height, intelligence, and temperament
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Correct Answer:
True
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Sickle cell trait is a dominant trait, more often affecting African Americans than Caucasians or Asian Americans, that causes red blood cells to become crescent or sickle shaped, resulting in difficulty distributing oxygen throughout the circulatory system.
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Correct Answer:
True
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A genetic inheritance pattern in which both genes are expressed in the phenotype is called
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Incomplete dominance
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A form of genetic inheritance in which the phenotype reflects only the dominant allele of a heterozygous pair is called Dominant–Recessive Inheritance
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Correct Answer:
True
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Heterozygous refers to a chromosomal pair consisting of two different _______.
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Alleles
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Homozygous refers to a chromosomal pair consisting of two identical _______
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Correct Answer:
Alleles
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Monozygotic twins are al so known as an identical twin; occurs when the zygote splits apart early in development. The resulting offspring share 60% of their genetic material.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Dizygotic twins are also known as a fraternal twin; occurs when two ova are released and each is fertilized by a different sperm; the resulting offspring share 50% of the genetic material.
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True
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A fertilized ovum is called zygote
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True
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The process by which a gamete is formed, containing one-half of the cell’s chromosomes producing creating ova and sperm with 23 single, unpaired chromosomes is known as
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Meiosis
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The process of ______in which DNA is replicated and the resulting cell is genetically identical to the original is called mitosis
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Cell duplication
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The chemical structure, shaped like a twisted ladder, that contains all of the genes is known as
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DNA
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One of 46 rodlike molecules that contain 23 pairs of DNA found in every body cell and collectively contain all of the genes is called chromosomes
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Correct Answer:
True
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