Firewall Concepts MCQ Questions Answers

Active connections:

Active connections are sets of nodes that share an edge between them. An active connection can be viewed as a path in the network; however, the path may not necessarily be a physical link between two nodes. There exist paths between nodes that do not represent any actual physical contacts between those nodes. Such paths include, for example, social media accounts or online communication between users.

Network layer:

A Network Layer (NL) is the lowest level interface between the physical layers and the logical layers. A network layer function is to provide an abstraction of the physical layers, providing common services for the upper layers.

What is a bridging table?

A bridging table is used to map MAC addresses with IP addresses. When two devices need to communicate over networks, they must agree upon how to identify themselves.

What are packet attributes?

Attributes such as source address and destination address are called packet attributes.

What is the header's identification field?

The header’s identification field is used to identify the type of header.

Load balancing;

Load balancing is the practice of distributing a workload to multiple servers in order to achieve better performance than would be possible with a single server. This can be achieved by spreading an application's load over several computers, or by having several applications each running on a separate computer. 

Packet filter firewall filters:

Packet filter firewall filters in computer networks are used to block packets based on their content. They operate at the Network Layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model. Packet filters have three main components: filtering criteria, filtering actions, and logging. 

What do you mean by proxy firewall filters?

In a computer network proxy firewall filters are used to control which programs can talk to which services on the Internet. Proxy firewalls are often built into routers, but they may also be standalone appliances.

What is a hardware and software firewall?

Hardware firewall:

A hardware firewall is a device that performs security functions such as blocking unauthorized access to a private network, monitoring network activity, and providing intrusion detection capabilities. Hardware firewalls are typically installed between the public network and the internal network.

Software firewalls:

A software firewall is a layer of security that sits between the user and the network. In a computer network Software firewalls help prevent unauthorized users from accessing sensitive data on the network. They provide protection against malicious attacks and viruses.

What is an Outside Network?

The outside network is the part of your organization's network or the server that is accessible from other organizations.

Windows firewall:

Windows firewall is a security feature included in Windows operating systems. The purpose of this feature is to prevent unauthorized users from accessing resources on a private network. 

What is firewall encryption?

Firewall encryption is a method for encrypting data between a client device and a server using a shared key.

Using Two Firewalls:

Using two firewalls, we can create a secure environment for our users. A firewall protects the internal network from external threats while a second firewall provides additional protection against attacks originating within the company.

What do you mean by a personal firewall?

It is a program that runs on your computer and monitors all incoming and outgoing network connections. The firewall checks whether any of these connections are malicious or unsafe.

What a firewall creates?

A firewall creates a secure zone within a network. A firewall acts as a gatekeeper for the network. All traffic enters the protected zone via the firewall, and only authorized users can access it.

Azure Firewall:

A virtual appliance that protects networks connected to Microsoft Azure services against attacks such as SYN flooding and TCP false connection detection (FACK). It controls traffic entering and exiting Azure Virtual Networks (VNET) through firewalling rules. The Azure Firewall provides network security based on Ip address reputation, policy settings, and threat intelligence.

What is an IP packet?

An IP packet is a unit of data sent between hosts across a TCP/IP network. An IP packet contains a sender's IP address, a receiver's IP address, and a protocol identifier.

What is a routing table?

The routing table is a list of routes that tell a router where to send data traveling between networks.

Stateful firewall means:

A stateful firewall means that it keeps track of the data packets that pass through the firewall. This helps the firewall to decide what kind of action to take when a packet arrives. Stateful firewalls use deep packet inspection (DPI), which inspects each layer of the protocol stack individually. DPI allows the firewall to examine every bit of information passed between two endpoints.

What a stateful firewall maintains?

It maintains information about all the connections it has established so far. The firewall uses this information to decide whether to let a connection proceed or drop it.  

Packet filtering firewall:

The Packet Filtering Firewall (PF) is a security device that can be used to filter traffic based on the source and destination IP address, protocol, port number, or other criteria. The PF can also inspect packets for specific content such as HTML, text, executable files, etc.

What is Network Address Translation (NAT)?

Network Address Translation (NAT) refers to the process of translating private IP addresses into public IP addresses while maintaining the original IP addresses. 

Security breach:

Security breaches occur when unauthorized individuals gain access to confidential information. The most common way this happens is when someone steals or misplaces a laptop containing sensitive data. Another way it occurs is when hackers break into a company's computer systems and steal information. 

What is the main difference between stateful and stateless packet filtering methods?

The main difference between stateful packet filtering and stateless packet filtering is that the former requires more resources than the latter. For example, if a firewall has to keep track of every single packet passing through it, then it needs more memory and CPU power than a stateless firewall. A stateful firewall may require more processing power because it must analyze each packet before allowing it to pass through.

What is the basic principle behind the firewall?

The basic principle behind the firewall is that it prevents unauthorized access to the computer system. In other words, it filters out unwanted incoming connections. When a new connection attempt is made, the firewall examines the source IP address of the request. Depending on its configuration, the firewall either accepts or rejects the connection. If the firewall accepts the connection, it opens up a port in order to allow the communication to proceed.

How does the firewall prevent unauthorized access?

The firewall prevents unauthorized access to the host computer by examining the IP addresses of the requests coming from outside the firewall. If the firewall finds that the IP address matches the IP address of the host computer, then it allows the connection to continue. Otherwise, it blocks the connection.

Why should we use a firewall?

A firewall is used to protect and secure computers from being attacked by hackers. Hackers often try to gain control over a computer by sending malicious software to it. A firewall acts like an obstacle that stands between the hacker and the target computer. By blocking the hacker’s attempts at accessing the computer, a firewall can help keep your computer safe.

What is a Security rule?

Security rule is defined as a set of conditions that determine whether certain types of traffic are allowed or not. These conditions include:
• Source IP address
• Destination IP address
• Protocol type
• Port number
• Application name etc

Incoming traffic:

Incoming traffic refers to all network traffic that enters the protected network segment. It includes both internal and external traffic. Internal traffic refers to traffic that originates within the protected network segment. External traffic refers to traffic that comes into the protected network segment from outside the protected network segment. 

What is Outgoing network traffic or Outgoing traffic?

Outgoing network traffic refers to all network activity that leaves the protected network segment. The term “outgoing” implies that this traffic will be sent to another location. Outbound traffic is also known as egress traffic.  

What is an internal network?

The internal network is a private network that is isolated from the public Internet. This network is usually connected to a company’s intranet.

Network security device:

Network security devices are hardware devices that perform functions related to network security. They are designed to provide protection against attacks such as viruses, worms, spyware, malware, denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, and others.

What is an incoming packet?

An incoming packet is any data packet that arrives at a router. An incoming packet contains information about where it came from and where it is going. 

Stateful Packet Inspection:

It is inspection is a way of inspecting packets in real-time. It uses stateful techniques to examine each packet individually. As a result, its inspection provides better performance than traditional packet filtering methods. 

What is an outgoing packet?

An outgoing packet is any data packet sent out of a router. An outgoing packet may contain information about where it was sent to and who it was addressed to. 

Destination address:

It is the IP address of the computer or other resource to which a packet is destined.  

What do you know about a destination port?

The destination port is the TCP/UDP port that corresponds to the application layer protocol that is associated with a particular connection. For example, HTTP requests on port 80 use TCP protocol, and HTTPS requests on port 443 use SSLv3 protocol.

What are security policies?

A set of rules defines the behavior of network traffic in a specific area. For example, you could define a policy for allowing or denying access to certain websites. You could also create a policy to allow only specific applications to connect to a specific service. A firewall can be configured by using a combination of several different types of policies. 

Types of firewall:

There are two types of firewalls:

Perimeter and host.

• Perimeter firewalls protect the entire network.
• Host firewalls protect individual hosts. 

What is firewall technology?

The most common type of firewall software today is based on the concept of a layered architecture to secure your network. In general, there are four layers in a firewall system: Application Layer, Transport Layer, Network Layer, and Physical Layer. 

What is a stateful inspection firewall?

A stateful inspection firewall inspects every packet entering the network. It keeps track of what has been seen before and what hasn’t. If the same type of packet is detected again, the firewall compares its contents with the previous one. If they match, then the firewall allows the packet to pass through. If not, the firewall drops the packet. In addition, if a new attack tool appears, the firewall updates its definition of an acceptable or unacceptable packet. 

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