The strategy of applying sounds to printed letters in order to identify unfamiliar words; referred to as sounding out, is called __________ .
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Correct Answer:
Decoding
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Underextensions means limiting the use of a word to a subset of objects it refers to.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Two-way immersion means students who speak English and students who speak a non-English language are combined in ______ class to learn.
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Both
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A method of bilingual instruction in which students learn subjects in their native language is called __________ .
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Correct Answer:
Transitional bilingual education
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A way of ordering two or three words according to the grammatical rules of one’s language is known as:
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Correct Answer:
Telegraphic speech
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Syntax is a rule for combining components of language.
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True
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English language learners learn subjects in English in classes separate from native English speakers for typically 1 year, and teachers use materials and methods designed to accommodate students who are learning the language. Also called sheltered immersion is known as:
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Correct Answer:
Structured english immersion
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A disorder in which language development is significantly below age level because of difficulties in receptive and expressive language is called ________ .
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Correct Answer:
Specific language impairment
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__________ is a component of language referring to how meaning is communicated and interpreted.
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Semantics
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A method of interacting with children in which adults reproduce children’s utterances as a semantically similar expression that adds new information is known as:
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Recasting
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Knowledge of the purpose of language and how language is used in social interactions is called __________ .
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Pragmatics
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Phonological awareness is a/an _________ that spoken words can be divided into smaller units of sound.
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Correct Answer:
Both
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Producing an irregular word form by applying regular grammar patterns is known as:
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Over Regularizations
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Overextensions are using a word to apply to a range of concepts.
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True
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Word endings means:
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Correct Answer:
Metalinguistic awareness
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Metalinguistic awareness means Knowledge about language and how it works.
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Correct Answer:
True
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A method of interacting with children in which adults label and talk about objects is known as:
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Joint attention
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___________ is the use of single words to express a larger meaning.
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Holophrastic speech
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A method of interacting with children in which adults add to—or expand—children’s incomplete statements is called ___________ .
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Correct Answer:
Expansion
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A sink-or-swim approach to teaching English language learners in which students receive all instruction in English in classes with native English-speaking peers is known as:
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Correct Answer:
English immersion
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Dysfluency is a lack of fluency in speech production.
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Correct Answer:
True
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______________ means bilingual individuals’ use of words or phrases from one language as a substitute in the other language.
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Correct Answer:
Code mixing
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Child-directed speech is language directed to infants and children characterized by high pitch.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Repetitive consonants–vowel combinations produced by infants, such as:
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Both
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A speech disorder diagnosed when a familiar adult cannot understand a child’s speech at age 3 or when articulation errors are still evident at age 8 is known as:
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Correct Answer:
Articulation disorder
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_____________ in a nondefensive way and responding by clarifying the message rather than criticizing.
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Active listening
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The strategy of asking students to summarize a text, ask questions about the text, clarify ideas, and make predictions is called ______.
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Correct Answer:
Reciprocal teaching
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Amalia is an elementary school student who has trouble understanding spoken and written language, struggles with math, and experiences difficulties interacting with her classmates. Amalia is likely to be diagnosed as having ______.
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Correct Answer:
Specific language impairment
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All of the following are advantages of two-way immersion programs EXCEPT ______.
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Correct Answer:
Increased vocabulary in both languages for high school students
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Compared to monolingual children, bilingual children are likely to have ______.
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Correct Answer:
Greater awareness of morphology and syntax
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Mrs. Cobain was reading a book with her students. The class read the sentence, “After insulting him, Piers was hit by Jeremy.” Mrs. Cobain asked one of her students, David, “Who got hit?” David wasn’t sure of the answer. What grade is Mrs. Cobain teaching?
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Correct Answer:
First grade
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When reading an unfamiliar word, children use their ______ skills to try to identify the word.
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Correct Answer:
Decoding
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The smallest units of spoken language are ______.
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Correct Answer:
Phonemes
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Which of the following is an example of metalinguistic awareness?
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Warren talks differently to his baby sister than he does to his mother.
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Adding morphemic inflection to words is part of the development of ______.
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Correct Answer:
Syntax
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Which sounds tend to appear in infants’ babbling regardless of the language environment they are raised in?
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Correct Answer:
B, d, m, n, p
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