During the elementary school years, children grow an average of _____ inches a year.
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Correct Answer:
2 to 3
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During puberty, adolescents' thoughts center on _____.
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Correct Answer:
Themselves
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Wernicke's aphasia is to ____ as broca's aphasia is to ____.
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Correct Answer:
Understanding; speaking
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A child who __________ to find a hidden toy is demonstrating a tertiary circular reaction.
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Correct Answer:
Looks in several directions
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Hereditary factors that influence cognitive development consist of __________.
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Correct Answer:
Genetically transmitted characteristics inherited from one’s parents
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Between 13 and 18 months, infants add approximately _____ new words.
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Correct Answer:
50
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According to piaget, when a scheme is modified based on some experience, ____ has occurred.
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Correct Answer:
Accommodation
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Experts _____ than novices.
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Correct Answer:
Take a more effective approach to a problem
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During adolescence, maturation of the ________ lags behind maturation of the ________.
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Correct Answer:
Frontal lobes; limbic system
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Developmentalists consider _____ to be developmentally regressive.
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Correct Answer:
Middle schools
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The difference between what an individual can accomplish independently and what he or she can learn with assistance from more capable individuals.
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Correct Answer:
Zone of proximal development (ZPD)
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___________ Speech used for communicating in a social context with adults.
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Correct Answer:
All of these
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A form of constructivism in which individuals construct meaning by interacting with others within a social and cultural context is known as:
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Correct Answer:
Social constructivism
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An ability to use signs and symbols to represent an object is called ________.
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Correct Answer:
Semiotic function
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Schemes are organized patterns of physical action.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Temporary social support provided by an adult or more capable peer for a child to accomplish a task is called ___________ .
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Correct Answer:
Scaffolding
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Reversibility is the ability to manipulate one’s thinking in two directions.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Psychological and cultural tools means any symbolic system provided by culture, such as:
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Correct Answer:
All of these
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In Vygotsky’s theory, a form of self-regulatory, internalized speech that helps individuals guide their thoughts and actions is known as:
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Correct Answer:
Private speech
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Operations are physical actions performed mentally.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Object permanence means awareness that objects and people continue to exist even when not present.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Intersubjectivity means coconstruction of knowledge in which two individuals who begin a task with different knowledge perspectives come to a shared understanding.
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Correct Answer:
Intersubjectivity
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It occurs when an individual progresses from performing cognitive processes with a more capable person is called ____________ .
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Correct Answer:
Internalization
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A form of constructivism in which individuals construct meaning by themselves from their experiences is known as:
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Correct Answer:
Individual constructivism
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Identity constancy means understanding that an object remains qualitatively the same even though its appearance changes.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Equilibration is the process of maintaining a cognitive balance between our existing knowledge and new experiences.
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Correct Answer:
Equilibration
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An example of _____________ in which children talk from the perspective of their own interests and experiences without regard for the interests and conversational contributions of the listener.
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Correct Answer:
Egocentrism
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Egocentric is the thinking about the world primarily from one’s own physical or cognitive viewpoint.
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Correct Answer:
True
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A discrepancy between one’s existing knowledge and a new experience is called _____________ .
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Correct Answer:
Disequilibrium
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A psychological paradigm that characterizes learning as a process of actively constructing knowledge is known as:
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Correct Answer:
Constructivism
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_____________ means understanding that quantity or amount remains the same even though appearance changes.
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Correct Answer:
Conservation
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Centration is an inability to focus on two dimensions simultaneously.
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Correct Answer:
True
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__________ is a process of adaptation in Piaget’s theory that involves fitting new information or experiences into one’s existing way of thinking.
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Correct Answer:
Assimilation
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Active learning means any form of meaningful learning that involves constructing a rich knowledge base of :
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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A process of adaptation in Piaget’s theory that involves modifying one’s existing knowledge is known as:
Answer
Correct Answer:
Accommodation
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In which of the following situations are adults and adolescents most likely to use externalized or egocentric speech?
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Correct Answer:
During challenging tasks
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One potential drawback of using the zone of proximal development in a classroom is that ______.
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Correct Answer:
The teacher may need to provide different levels of support for each student
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The process by which two people bring different knowledge and perspectives to a task and come to understand each other’s perspective is called ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Intersubjectivity
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Compared to children in the concrete operational stage, children in the preoperational stage have difficulties with ______.
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Correct Answer:
Focusing on more than one dimension of an object at a time
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According to Piaget, object permanence is acquired around what age?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Eight to 12 months
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Joseph, an 11-month-old infant, is shown a toy elephant by his father. When his father hides the elephant under his hat, Joseph reaches for the hat. This suggests that Joseph has acquired ______.
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Correct Answer:
Object permanence
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All of the following are Piagetian stages of development EXCEPT ______.
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Correct Answer:
Preoperative
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According to Piaget, the most effective social interactions, with respect to the development of cognition, are between and individual child and her ______.
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Correct Answer:
Peer
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According to Piaget, all of the following factors play a role in cognitive development EXCEPT ______.
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Correct Answer:
Scaffolding
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A child who learns about mathematics by thinking about and practicing solving mathematical problems can be said to be engaged in ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Individual constructivism
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