Female prison officers who form relationships and become fixated on male inmates who have committed violent felonies are found to be especially vulnerable to corruption.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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The Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA, 2003) sets a zero-tolerance standard for prison rape.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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A 2001 study by Human Rights Watch on male rape in U.S. prisons argues that far fewer rapes occur than are reported.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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Deadly physical force can only be used by prison officers in self-defense.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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The terms transgender and transsexual describe people who may or may not be planning on sex reassignment surgery. Prison officers frequently experience personal challenges from inmates.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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Prison gang members have a comparative advantage over non-gang affiliated inmates when it comes to trafficking contraband inside prisons.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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Examples of misuse of authority include all of the following except ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of the above are examples
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The intentional violation of organizational norms by public employees for personal material gain is ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Corruption
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Which approach used by Australia regarding transgender inmates considers whether the inmate has undergone sex-reassignment surgery?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Surgery-based approach
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The Prison Rape Elimination Act also establishes a National Prison Rape Reduction Commission. This body ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of the above
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In general, inmate sexual victimization of other inmates ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Is not treated as a serious matter by prison authorities
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In the United States, transgender inmates are frequently held in solitary confinement.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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In which U.S. Supreme Court case did the Court hold that an officer has no duty to use disabling force rather than lethal force when dealing with an escaping inmate?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Clark v. Evans
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According to Kauffman (1988), when discussing their justifications for using violence, officers focused on all of the following except ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Their own feelings on the issue
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Which of Marquart’s (1986) forms of coercion was employed in more serious role breaches?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Ass whippings
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Which of the following elements of the prison officer code goes beyond general support for coworkers and extends into active participation in applying informal sanctions such as physical force and coercion in response to inmate violence?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Always support officer sanctions against inmates
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Which of the following has as important of a role in the prison officer’s life as in the law enforcement officer’s?
Answer
Correct Answer:
A prison officer subculture
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______ power can easily involve questions of ethical conduct, and some argue that it is preferable to limit discretion even more by expanding the written rules and regulations of the prison.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Discretionary
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In his discussion of ethics in corrections, Kleinig (2001) singles out the issue of ______ as central.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Punishment
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Lombardo (1989) explains that about ______ of the prison officers he interviewed at Auburn Prison considered danger and mental tension as the most dissatisfying parts of their job.
Answer
Correct Answer:
One-third
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Minimum-security inmates are usually violent first-time offenders.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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The number of inmates in supermax prisons in the United States in unknown.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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In California, supermax prisons have helped to dramatically reduce prison violence.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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Recently, states have authorized a range of financial obligations (LFOs).
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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In the 1980s, crack cocaine became widely used.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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Which of the following is an argument for the support of disenfranchisement?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Social contract argument
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Many prison personnel, especially prison officers, have ethical problems because of their “role ambiguity.” This ambiguity stems from the tension between their ______ roles.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Treatment and custody
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The notion that prisoners have any ______ within a prison seems to contradict the very nature of the prison environment.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Power
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______ might be used by inmates to blackmail prison officers to ensure continuation of the same.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Rewards
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According to Hepburn (1985), which type of power is power a prison officer exercises as a result of gaining the respect and admiration of prisoners?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Referent
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According to Kauffman (1988), prison officers who display negative attitudes toward both their fellow officers and inmates and are barely able to cope with the prison experience, if at all, are known as ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Burnouts
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The shift Jacobs (1977) describes that took place at Stateville (1970-75) included hiring of correctional counselors, which had the effect of taking away the prison officers’ ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Role as a giver of favors
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Altogether, these are about ______ million people under the supervision of all adult correctional systems by the end of 2015.
Answer
Correct Answer:
6.7
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Hoskins (2013) terms supermax confinement “contemptuous” punishment because it ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Fails to respect offenders as moral persons, who as such are always capable of moral reform
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As of December 31, 2015, more than half of female inmates in federal prisons were serving sentences for ______ offenses.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Drug related
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In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that overcrowding in California’s prisons violated the constitutional prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Brown v. Plata
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According to the timeline of events, during which decade did crack cocaine become widely used and was much cheaper to buy than cocaine?
Answer
Correct Answer:
1980s
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The imprisonment rate for U.S. residents 18 years and older on December 31, 2016 was ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
582 / 100,000
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Which of the following have not been terms used to describe the outcome of the specific set of forces and policies that have led to the prison population explosion?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Tough populism
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