Through the rehabilitative approach, offenders are placed in custody, usually for long periods of time, to protect the public from the chance of future offending.
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Correct Answer:
False
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Deterrence theory ignores social factors such as poverty, disadvantage, and discrimination and presumes equal opportunity for all.
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Correct Answer:
False
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Censure is a key element of the desert model of sentencing and it is expressed through what is termed ______.
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Correct Answer:
Hard treatment
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Capital punishment may be the only form of punishment still supported by appeals to lex talionis.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Retributivists justify punishment by referring to its beneficial effects or consequences.
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Correct Answer:
False
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Weber favored formal rationality, which he termed ______, and saw this as an essential feature of a modern state.
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Correct Answer:
Bureaucratic rationality
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Which of the following is not an example of the sociological approach to punishment?
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Correct Answer:
The focus on effective strategies to reduce crime
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Duff (1992) argues that restorative justice should be perceived as ______.
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Correct Answer:
An alternative punishment
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Bringing together and involving victims, offender, and the ______ in its strategies and designs is a feature of restorative justice.
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Community
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In a review of themes and outcomes that characterize effective programs of rehabilitation, Lipsey et al. (2012) identifies all of the following except ______.
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Correct Answer:
Programs that target criminal conduct indirectly
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Which of the following is not a justification for capital punishment?
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Correct Answer:
Rehabilitation
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When trying to reconcile utilitarian and retributive theories, the issue of mercy relates in all of the following ways except ______.
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Correct Answer:
Is equivalent to reasoned leniency
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Punishment should be proportionate. That is, there should be a scale of punishments with the most serious being reserved for the most serious offenses and penalties should be assessed according to the seriousness of the offense. This is called ______.
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Tariff sentencing
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The view that criminals should be hated and their punishments should be so contrived as to give expression to that hatred is known as ______.
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Denunciation theory
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Retribution acts under a ______ model of society.
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Correct Answer:
Consensus
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In which of the following studies do researchers explore the effect of specific policy initiatives such as police crackdowns on open-air drug markets?
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Correct Answer:
Interrupted time-series studies
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General deterrence seeks to ______.
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Correct Answer:
Deter potential offenders from crime
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Which of the following does not consider the question of whether a particular sentence “ought” to be imposed on offenders?
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Correct Answer:
Utilitarian
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Why should offenders be punished?
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Correct Answer:
All of these
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