_____ is a classification of evidence that includes the actual testimony provided by a witness during a trial. Real evidence is introduced using testimonial evidence.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Testimonial evidence
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Is real evidence evidence that can be admitted into trial that consists of tangible items such as weapons used in the crime, DNA or fingerprints collected at the crime scene, or other “real” objects relevant to the case?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as this is an exception to the general rule that all relevant evidence is admissible at trial. Certain categories of individuals generally cannot be compelled to testify in criminal cases. This includes spouses, priests, doctors, or lawyers. The things these individuals say to one another are said to be privileged communications.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Privileged communication
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_____ is defined as according to the Fifth Amendment, “no person . . . Shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself.” That is, any person charged with an offense cannot be compelled to testify against himself or herself in a criminal trial.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Privilege against self-incrimination
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_____ is a method of studying jury deliberations. Researchers use mock juries or mock trials that involve hypothetical scenarios. These may be actual mock trials, such as in a university classroom, or simple written scenarios wherein people (often college students) are asked to decide some hypothetical defendant’s fate. Then the researchers compare people’s demographic characteristics to the decisions they hand down.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Mock jury study
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Is liberation hypothesis an explanation for research findings suggesting that legally irrelevant factors (e.g., the race or gender of the defendant and victim, the behavior of the victim at the time of the crime) come into play primarily in cases where the evidence is ambiguous and the outcome is therefore less predictable. The liberation hypothesis suggests that when the evidence is uncertain, jurors will be “liberated” from the constraints imposed by the law and will therefore feel free to take legally irrelevant factors into consideration during decision making?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is defined as evidence that requires the judge or jury to make inferences about what happened at the scene of the crime or judgments about the defendant’s role in the crime. Also referred to as circumstantial evidence.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Indirect evidence
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_____ is evidence provided by a witness that is based on information provided to the witness by someone else. Generally inadmissible, although there are a number of exceptions.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Hearsay evidence
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Is direct evidence evidence, such as eyewitness testimony, that by itself proves (or disproves) a fact that is at issue in a case?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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When are decisions regarding jury instructions generally made?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Charging conference
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Which Amendment includes the right to compel witnesses to come to court and testify in a case?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Sixth
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Who first introduces evidence in a criminal trial?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Prosecuting attorney
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Which type of evidence is also known as circumstantial evidence?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Indirect evidence
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Which type of evidence consists of fingerprints, DNA, stolen property, documents, and other tangible items?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Real evidence
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Race, gender, and socioeconomic status have all been identified as predictors of a hung jury.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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All 50 states require a unanimous verdict to convict a defendant.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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During deliberation, the jury can ask questions of the judge.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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The defendant in a criminal case has a right to cross-examine witnesses against him or her.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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Closing arguments are considered evidence, even though opening arguments are not.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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All questions regarding the admissibility of evidence are handled during pretrial motions.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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Husbands and wives cannot be forced to testify against each other.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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Expert witnesses may express their opinions about things that are within the area of their expertise.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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At the beginning of a trial, attorneys for both the prosecution and defense make opening statements.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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Judging from the Oregon study cited in the text, most juries deliberate for less than 1 day before reaching a decision.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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