_____ is the process of transferring a juvenile from juvenile court to adult court. Most states give juvenile court judges the power to waive jurisdiction over juvenile cases that meet certain criteria—generally, a minimum age, a specified type or level of offense, and/or a sufficiently serious record of prior delinquency. Some states have direct file waiver provisions, which allow the prosecutor to file certain types of juvenile cases directly in criminal court.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Waiver of juveniles to criminal court
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Is veterans treatment court a specialized court devoted to military veterans who have run afoul of the criminal justice system?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as specialized courts that take a broader and more comprehensive approach to delinquency and criminality. Rather than focusing solely on the crime for which the defendant has been arrested, these courts attempt to address the underlying social and economic factors that contributed to the defendant’s involvement in crime. They also involve collaboration among criminal justice and social service agencies and are more likely than traditional courts to incorporate the principles of restorative justice. Examples include drug courts, domestic violence courts, homeless courts, teen courts, and reentry courts.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Specialized courts
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_____ is defined as utilitarian justification of punishment that views punishment as a means to repair the harm and injury caused by the crime and focuses on the victim and the community as well as the offender. Participants in the process discuss the effects of the crime on the victim, the offender, and the community and attempt to reach a collective agreement regarding the most appropriate sanction.
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Correct Answer:
Restorative justice
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_____ is a specialized court that does not adjudicate new offenses but instead provides oversight and support services to offenders reentering the community, with the goal of reducing recidivism and prison return rates.
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Correct Answer:
Reentry court
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Is problem-solving courts specialized courts that take a broader and more comprehensive approach to delinquency and criminality. Rather than focusing solely on the crime for which the defendant has been arrested, these courts attempt to address the underlying social and economic factors that contributed to the defendant’s involvement in crime. They also involve collaboration among criminal justice and social service agencies and are more likely than traditional courts to incorporate the principles of restorative justice. Examples include drug courts, domestic violence courts, homeless courts, teen courts, and reentry courts?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is defined as the original guiding principle of the juvenile justice system; literally translated as “the father of the country,” the phrase refers to the government’s right and obligation to act on behalf of the child—that is, to do what is in the best interest of the child.
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Correct Answer:
Parens patriae
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_____ is a specialized court that involves collaboration between the criminal justice system and mental health agencies with the goal of providing needed services to mentally ill offenders. Defendants participate in court-ordered treatment programs and may have their charges dropped on successful completion of treatment.
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Correct Answer:
Mental health court
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Is juvenile court a type of specialized court that handles cases involving juvenile offenders, with a focus on rehabilitation?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as latin for “in place of the parents.” Philosophy that, in conjunction with parens patriae, allows the juvenile court to act in the best interests of the children who appear before it.
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Correct Answer:
In loco parentis
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_____ is defined as A specialized court that focuses on legal problems common to those who are homeless. For example, the court may help homeless individuals pay fines and resolve outstanding infractions and misdemeanor offenses.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Homeless court
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_____ is a problem-solving court with a specialized docket of drug offenses. The court incorporates intensive judicial supervision of drug offenders, mandatory drug treatment, and a rehabilitation program providing vocational, education, family, and medical services.
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Correct Answer:
Drug treatment court
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Is domestic violence court a problem-solving court with a specialized docket of domestic violence cases. A multidisciplinary team of criminal justice and social service agency officials attempt to craft interventions that will ensure both victim safety and batterer accountability?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as a specialized court, located in a neighborhood rather than in the downtown core, that handles minor offenses and emphasizes finding solutions to crime problems that are plaguing the neighborhood.
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Correct Answer:
Community court
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_____ is defined as civic-minded individuals who, during the early part of the 20th century, advocated state intervention to save at-risk children who were not being adequately controlled or supervised by their parents. Their stated goal was to help delinquent, abused, and neglected children who were suffering due to the negative effects of rapid industrialization.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Child savers
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_____ is the notion that communities that allow “broken windows”—which is a metaphor for litter, decay, vandalism, graffiti, and similar types of social disorganization—to proliferate will have higher levels of crime than will communities that attend to these problems and clean up their streets and neighborhoods.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Broken windows
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There is mounting evidence that drug courts ______ offender recidivism and prevent drug relapse.
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Correct Answer:
Decrease
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Restorative justice focuses on the two following concepts; ______ and repair.
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Correct Answer:
Harm
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Which of the following is one of the six principles of problem-solving justice?
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Correct Answer:
Collaboration
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What specialized court is generally located in neighborhoods?
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Correct Answer:
Community court
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Domestic violence courts can be found in which of the following countries?
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Correct Answer:
All of these countries
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The cutoff age separating juvenile and adult court is 18 in all 50 states.
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Correct Answer:
False
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The first juvenile court was established in the 1930s.
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Correct Answer:
False
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Community courts focus on recognizing and solving underlying problems that lead to crime in local communities.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Domestic violence courts emphasize ensuring the safety of the victim.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Domestic violence courts gained popularity in the United States during the 1990s.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Most of the time, participation in a drug-treatment program is optional.
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Correct Answer:
True
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In drug-treatment courts, the judge only interacts with the offender during the initial phase.
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Correct Answer:
False
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A “sense of community” is vital for effective restorative justice.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Problem-solving courts evolved around the concept of punishment via incapacitation.
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Correct Answer:
False
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Another term for problem-solving courts is collaborative justice courts.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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