Use of a word or phrase that could have several meanings

Arguing that the conclusion of an argument must be untrue because there is a fallacy in the reasoning. (Just because the premises may not be true - does not mean that the conclusion has to be false)

Accepting a token gesture for something more substantive

All A are B - all C are B - therefore all A are C

Asks - 'of what kind is it?' Involves a question of the quality of the act - whether it is good or bad.

These seats or commonplaces of argument suggest inferences that arguers might make that are based on the habits of thought and value hierarchies that everyone shares

After this - therefore on account of this

Beginning repeated at ending

A manufactured controversy that is motivated by profit or extreme ideology to intentionally create confusion in the public about an issue of scientific fact that is not in dispute by the scientific community. Used to stop debate at the conjectural le

'X is an sign of Y' is what arg's warrant?

Good Moral Character