Analyzing Relationships for Categorical Data in Political Science MCQ
Goodman and Kruskal’s lambda (λ) is the measure of association between one nominal- or ordinal-level variable and one nominal-level variable.
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True
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When one or both of the variables in a cross-tabulation are ______, Goodman and Kruskal’s lambda is commonly used.
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Nominal
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Chi-square measures the discrepancy between frequencies actually observed and those we would expect to see if there was no population association between the variables.
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True
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Cross-tabulation is not the appropriate analysis technique when both variables are nominal- or ordinal-level measures.
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False
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Proportional-reduction-in-error, like Goodman and Kruskal’s lambda, is a measure of association for ______ variables.
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Nominal-level
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Somer’s d is a(n) ______ measure because its value depends on which variable is considered dependent.
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Asymmetric
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A ______ is one in which one case is lower on one of the variables but higher on the other.
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Discordant pair
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A ______ is a pair in which one individual is higher on both variables than the other case.
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Concordant pair
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Which of the following terms best describes a particular type of monotonic relationship in which plotted Y and X points fall on (or at least, close to) a straight line?
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Linear positive correlation
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Which of the following best describes a relationship in which the plotted values of Y and X fall on a straight line that slopes downward from left to right?
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Linear negative correlation
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Which of the following best describes the relationship represented on a graph where the X and Y values drift upward from left to right and a line drawn through the graph will be curved but never goes down once it is on its way up?
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Positive monotonic correlation
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A numerical measure of the variation in a variable, determined by summing the squared deviation of each observation from the mean is known as
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Total variance
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Somers d measure of association between ____ level variables.
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Ordinal
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Proportional reduction in error is measure of association that indicates how much knowledge of the value of the independent variable of a case improves prediction of the dependent variable
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True
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An association measure that adjusts an observed chi-square statistic by the sample size is known as
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Phi
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Multivariate cross tabulation is a procedure by which cross-tabulation is used to control for a third variable.
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True
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In which analysis techniques are designed to test hypotheses involving more than two variables?
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Multivariate
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Statistics that summarize the relationship between ___ variables is measure of association
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Two
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A measure of association between ordinal-level variables is kendall's tau ___
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C
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A measure of association between ordinal-level variables is kendall's tau b
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Ordinal
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The strength and direction of a relationship depend on an additional variable or variables is called
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Interaction
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Goodman and kruskal's gamma is a measure of association between ordinal-level variables.
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True
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A measure of association used with the analysis of variance that indicates what proportion of the variance in the dependent variable is explained by the variance in the independent variable is called
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Eta squared
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Direction of relationship is indication of which values of the dependent variable are associated with which values of the ____ variable.
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Independent
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____ array displays the joint frequencies and relative frequencies of two categorical (nominal or ordinal) variables.
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Cross classification
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In regression analysis, a measure of the strength and direction of the linear correlation between two quantitative variables is called
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Product moment coefficient
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Control by grouping is a form of statistical control in which observations ____ to the control variable are grouped together.
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Similar
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Chi square statistic used to test whether a relationship is statistically significant in a cross-tabulation table.
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True
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Analysis of variance is a technique for measuring the relationship between one nominal- or ordinal-level variable and one interval- or ratio-level variable.
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True
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