_____ is defined as an order in writing, issued by a judicial authority, authorizing a police officer to take specific actions
Answer
Correct Answer:
Warrant
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_____ is federal legislation passed in 2002 that represented a major reorganization of national security agencies; it created the Department of Homeland Security, which conducts services previously handled by other organizations
Answer
Correct Answer:
USA PATRIOT Act
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Is totality of circumstances requires that an officer has a particularized and objective basis for suspecting that a particular person is or has been involved in criminal activity; may be based on a variety of objective observations, information from police reports, and consideration of modes or patterns of operation of certain kinds of offenders from which a police officer may draw inferences and make deductions concerning the probability that the party in question is involved in criminal conduct?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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Is terrorism the unlawful use of force or threat of force against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, a civilian population, or any part thereof in furtherance of political or social objectives; “[t]he premeditated and unlawful act in which groups or agents of some principal engage in a threatened or actual use of force or violence against human or property targets. These groups or agents engage in this behavior intending the purposeful intimidation of governments or people to affect policy or behavior with an underlying political objective”?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is electroshock weapon that uses electrical current to disrupt voluntary control of muscles
Answer
Correct Answer:
Taser
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Is seizure of property occurs when there is some meaningful interference with an individual’s possessory interests in that property?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as occurs when an expectation of privacy that society is prepared to consider reasonable is infringed upon
Answer
Correct Answer:
Search
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_____ is defined as generally refers to what a reasonable person, in similar circumstances, based on similar information, might conclude
Answer
Correct Answer:
Reasonableness
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_____ is when based on objective facts and logical conclusions given a specific set of circumstances, may be used as the basis for stopping and frisking suspicious individuals
Answer
Correct Answer:
Reasonable suspicion
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Is probable cause exists when facts and circumstances within a police officer’s knowledge, which are based on reasonably trustworthy information, are sufficient to warrant a person of reasonable caution to believe that an offense has been or is being committed by the person being arrested?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as implies that no person can be compelled to incriminate himself or herself—the suspect need not answer questions or disclose information that would support his or her own conviction
Answer
Correct Answer:
Privilege against self-incrimination
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_____ is defined as holds that if a police officer sees an incriminating object in plain view during a legitimate stop, he or she may seize the object
Answer
Correct Answer:
Plain view doctrine
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_____ is Legal responsibility for costs or damages
Answer
Correct Answer:
Liability
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Is lethal or deadly force force that may result in great bodily harm or death?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as force used by an officer that is not likely to result in serious bodily harm or death
Answer
Correct Answer:
Less-than-lethal force
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_____ is defined as allows the admission of illegally obtained evidence if it would have been discovered lawfully in the normal course of events anyway
Answer
Correct Answer:
Inevitable discovery doctrine
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_____ is holds that illegally obtained evidence may be admitted if it was also obtained through an independent source not tainted by a failure to follow procedure or police misconduct
Answer
Correct Answer:
Independent source doctrine
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Is homeland Security Act law passed by the U.S. Congress that focuses on terrorism prevention strategies and tactics?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as involves searches conducted with a warrant and states that when a police officer acting in good faith obtains a warrant, conducts a search, and seizes evidence, that evidence will not be excluded from court proceedings even if the warrant is later invalidated
Answer
Correct Answer:
Good-faith doctrine
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_____ is defined as a U.S. space-based global navigation satellite system providing positioning, navigation, and timing services to users
Answer
Correct Answer:
Global positioning system (GPS)
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_____ is evidence found indirectly as a result of a constitutional violation
Answer
Correct Answer:
Fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine
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Is exigent circumstances circumstances that may exist when the police are in hot pursuit of a fleeing felon, when there is a danger of imminent destruction of evidence, when a suspect is escaping, or when there is imminent danger to the officer or others?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as a judicially imposed requirement that any evidence obtained by the police using methods that violate an individual’s constitutional rights be excluded in a criminal prosecution against that individual
Answer
Correct Answer:
Exclusionary rule
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_____ is defined as of the 14th Amendment, applies to the police in that it prevents both the federal government and all states from denying the protection of the law to any group of persons by making arbitrary, unreasonable distinctions based on race, religion, gender, national origin, and so on
Answer
Correct Answer:
Equal protection clause
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_____ is requires that evidence of guilt presented in court be obtained according to legal guidelines
Answer
Correct Answer:
Due process model
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Is criminal law body of law established to maintain peace and order to protect society from the injurious acts of individuals?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as allows for the arrest of individuals who are known to be factually guilty of committing a crime
Answer
Correct Answer:
Crime control model
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_____ is defined as occurs when an individual voluntarily waives his or her 4th Amendment rights and allows a police officer to search his or her person, belongings, vehicle, or home
Answer
Correct Answer:
Consent search
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_____ is defines and determines the rights of individuals to protect their persons and property
Answer
Correct Answer:
Civil law
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Is arrest occurs when an individual authorized to take a person into custody detains that person with the intention of making an arrest and when the person being arrested understands that the intention of the person making the arrest is detaining him or her for that purpose?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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The ______ Amendment protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures.
Answer
Correct Answer:
4th
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Under the ______ doctrine, if a search is conducted with a warrant that is later invalidated, that evidence can still be used in a trial if the police had reasons to believe that their actions were legal.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Good-faith
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An officer may stop and frisk a suspicious individual based on simple suspicion.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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Which of the following is NOT one of the ways in which an officer may come into possession of information related to probable cause?
Answer
Correct Answer:
The officer, based on training and experience, has a hunch that an offense is being or has been committed.
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A(n) ______ is an act causing injury to a person or damage to property. This act may be both a civil wrong and a crime.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Tort
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Which amendment is often referred to as the due process amendment because it provides that no state can deprive a person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law?
Answer
Correct Answer:
14th
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Any time the police stop and question a citizen, they are required to provide the Miranda warning.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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If any evidence is obtained illegally, but it would have been discovered anyway (lawfully) in the regular course of events, it may be used in court against the defendant.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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Tasers are generally categorized as ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Less-than-lethal force
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Which amendment protects citizens against self-incrimination?
Answer
Correct Answer:
5th
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