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Basic System Programming MCQ

1. An expert system uses _________ , or rules of thumb, to arrive at conclusions or make suggestions.

Heuristics

Computational intelligence

Analogies

Simulation

Answer

Correct Answer: Heuristics

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2. _____ are the systems special characteristics that appeal to users.

Features

Outputs

Yields

Metrics

Answer

Correct Answer: Features

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3. Placing a structure within another structure is called ____ structures.

Stacking

Untangling

Building

Nesting

Answer

Correct Answer: Nesting

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4. What is the effect of appending an ampersand ("&") at the end of a shell command?

It causes the shell to skip logging this in its command history.

It causes the shell to chain this command with the next.

It executes the command as a background job.

It causes the shell to drop a secondary prompt for command completion.

Answer

Correct Answer: It executes the command as a background job.

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5. Which of the following are true of typical Unix like systems?

Threads and Process creation costs are the same.

Threads are more expensive to create than Processes.

Processes are more expensive to create than Threads.

Threads need Operating System parallelism support to exploit concurrency.

Answer

Correct Answer: Processes are more expensive to create than Threads.
Threads need Operating System parallelism support to exploit concurrency.

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6. Which of the following compiler options links the standard math library to the executable?

-link -mathlib

-linkmath

-L math

-lm

Answer

Correct Answer: -lm

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7. Which of the following system calls can be used to change process scheduling priority?

priority

nice

ulimit

fcntl

Answer

Correct Answer: nice

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8. How do two threads synchronize access to shared data in a multi threaded application?

mutex_enter

pthread_rwlock

pthread_key_create

pthread_mutex_lock

Answer

Correct Answer: pthread_mutex_lock

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9. Which of the following commands can be used to install the native software package SOFTpkg on a Solaris system?

tar -xvf SOFTpkg

swinstall -s `pwd` SOFTpkg

rpm -i SOFTpkg

pkgadd -d . SOFTpkg

Answer

Correct Answer: pkgadd -d . SOFTpkg

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10. If a write system call fails and if errno is set to EFAULT, what does it signify?

The system encountered an IO error while doing the write.

The file descriptor was illegal.

The write buffer is not legal.

The file was removed by another process while this write was being attempted.

Answer

Correct Answer: The write buffer is not legal.

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11.
A process opens a file and forgets to close the file descriptor when it exits. What is the result?

It results in a resource leak.

The OS calls exit on behalf of the process before it terminates the process resulting in all the resources being reclaimed.

The OS garbage collector recovers the descriptor.

Answer

Correct Answer:

The OS calls exit on behalf of the process before it terminates the process resulting in all the resources being reclaimed.

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12. Where are the DNS and search domains specified?

/etc/fstab

/etc/nsswitch.conf

/etc/resolv.conf

/etc/hosts-

Answer

Correct Answer: /etc/resolv.conf

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13. Which of the following C headers needs to be included for socket programming?

Answer

Correct Answer:

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14. Which of the following shell operators is used to send the standard output of the first command to the standard input of the second command?

Answer

Correct Answer: |

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15. Which of the following system calls creates a named socket?

creat

mknod

bind

socket

Answer

Correct Answer: bind

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16. Which of the following socket system calls creates a Unix Domain Socket connection?

socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, protocol)

socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, protocol)

socket(PF_IPX, SOCK_RAW, protocol)

socket(PF_LOCAL, SOCK_STREAM, protocol)

Answer

Correct Answer: socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, protocol)

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17. If a process is terminated due to a SEGFAULT on a Solaris 9 system, what is the name of the core file that is created?

core

corefile

memdump

coredump

Answer

Correct Answer: core

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18. Which of the following system calls can be used to create device special files?

open

mkfs

touch

mknod

Answer

Correct Answer: mknod

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19. What is the outcome of attempting an ioctl system call on a block device file?

The system returns ENOTTY.

The ioctl succeeds and returns 0.

The system returns EIO.

The system returns ENXIO.

Answer

Correct Answer: The system returns ENOTTY.

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20. Which of the following IO mechanisms allows greater performance to concurrent IO-intensive applications?

Memory Mapped IO

Read Ahead

Direct IO (Filesystem locking is skipped)

Async IO.

Answer

Correct Answer: Direct IO (Filesystem locking is skipped)

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21. Which of the following commands can be used to compile a C file called "test.c" into an executable called "test"?

cc -o test test.c

cc -g -S test.c

cc test test.c

cc -E test.c

Answer

Correct Answer: cc -o test test.c

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22. Which of the following system calls is specific to debugging?

truss

fcntl

strace

ptrace

Answer

Correct Answer: ptrace

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23. Which of the following commands can be used to create a static (archive) library?

tar

gcc

Answer

Correct Answer: ar

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24. Which of the following system calls can be used to get the metadata of a file?

open

stat

fcntl

ioctl

Answer

Correct Answer: stat

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25. Which of the following creates an IPC message channel?

id = msgget(key, 0700|IPC_CREAT);

id = msgget(key, 0700, IPC_CREAT);

id = msgctl(key, 0700|IPC_CREAT);

id = msgctl(key, IPC_CREAT, 0700);

Answer

Correct Answer: id = msgget(key, 0700|IPC_CREAT);

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26. Which of the following is employed by the operating system to speed up file IO on a Solaris system.

Inode Cache

DNLC

Buffer Cache

Page Cache

Answer

Correct Answer: Page Cache

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27. What is the name of the standard linker on Unix?

ldd

Answer

Correct Answer: ld

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28. Which of the following block sizes results in the best read/write performance for an IO intensive application?

8192

4096

2048

1024

Answer

Correct Answer: 8192

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29. By convention, which of the following signals causes a daemon to reload its configuration?

SIGHUP

SIGKILL

SIGINT

SIGCONT

Answer

Correct Answer: SIGHUP

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30. How do threads created using pthread library share data between themselves efficiently?

They use one of the standard interprocess communication methods.

They use sockets.

They don't need any special mechanism as they share the data segment.

They use shared memory.

Answer

Correct Answer: They don't need any special mechanism as they share the data segment.

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31. Which of the following segments within the process address space are unique to each thread?

code

data

stack

bss

Answer

Correct Answer: stack

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32. What is the network byte order in Unix?

Little Endian

Big Endian

It is negotiated during connection.

It is undefined.

Answer

Correct Answer: Big Endian

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33. Which of the following gcc options can be used to generate a position independent code on a Linux system?

-pic

-b

-mshared

Answer

Correct Answer: -mshared

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34. Which of the following calls is used to initiate a socket connection to a target address?

socket

connect

listen

Answer

Correct Answer: connect

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35. Which of the following shell parameters contains the return value of the previously executed shell command?

Answer

Correct Answer: $?

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36. On Linux, the pthread_create interface does not use the fork system call to create threads.

True

False

Answer

Correct Answer: True

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37.
If a process executes the following C code on a Linux system, what is the outcome?
char cp = 0, c = cp;

The process executes the code without errors.

The process is killed with a SIGSEGV.

The process is killed with a SIGBUS.

The process is killed with a SIGKILL.

Answer

Correct Answer:

The process is killed with a SIGSEGV.

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38. What does the open system call return upon success?

A non zero value, which is the file descriptor.

Zero

A positive integer which is the file descriptor.

The pointer to the FILE structure of the open file.

Answer

Correct Answer: A positive integer which is the file descriptor.

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39. Which of the following sequences creates a socket based connection for communication?

open, listen, accept

open, accept, listen

socket, connect, accept, listen

socket, connect, listen, accept

Answer

Correct Answer: socket, connect, listen, accept

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40.
A C program "domath.c" utilizes the math library. Which of the following commands correctly creates the corresponding executable "domath"?

cc -o domath domath.c

cc -o domath domath.c -L /usr/lib -lmathcc -o domath domath.c -lm

cc -o domath domath.c -lm

cc -o domath domath.c -Lmath

Answer

Correct Answer:

cc -o domath domath.c -lm

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41. What is the effect of setting the "sticky" bit on an application's executable image?

It causes the system to load the program faster the next time it runs.

It causes the system to fail all unlink system call requests on the image.

It causes the system to preload the application's image into the system RAM.

It causes the system to grant the application owner's privileges to other users if they try to run the application.

Answer

Correct Answer: It causes the system to load the program faster the next time it runs.

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42.
How many bytes of a file of size 1023 will be read by the following piece of code?
char buf[256];
while (read(fd, buf, 256)) {
/* Take some action */
}

1024

1023

768

Answer

Correct Answer:

1023

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43. Which of the following ksh trap sequences causes the function "handler" to be executed when the script exits?

trap handler EXIT

trap EXIT handler

set handler EXIT

trap handler exit

Answer

Correct Answer: trap handler EXIT

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44. Which of the following commands can be used to list all the active TCP connections only on a Linux system?

netstat -r

netstat -t

iptables -L

route

Answer

Correct Answer: netstat -t

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45. Which of the following commands can be used on a Linux system to configure a network interface (card)?

ifconfig

ipconfig

netstat -c

route

Answer

Correct Answer: ifconfig

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46. Which of the following commands can be used on a Linux system to kill process 8977 and all its children?

kill -term 8977

kill -kill 8977

kill -stop 8977

kill -int 8977

Answer

Correct Answer: kill -term 8977

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47. What is the default file descriptor used for the error outputs of a process?

-1

Answer

Correct Answer: 2

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48. Which of the following commands can be used to generate a listing of all the shared libraries that an executable needs?

ldd

Answer

Correct Answer: ldd

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49. Which of the following shell commands is useful in single stepping through a shell script?

set -x

echo

trap

DEBUG

Answer

Correct Answer: trap

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50. Which system call is used to send a signal to another process?

signal

kill

socket

ioctl

Answer

Correct Answer: kill

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51.
What are the typical system calls the Unix shell invokes when it has to execute a new command?

open, read, close.

open, fork, exec.

ioctl.

Answer

Correct Answer:

open, fork, exec.

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52. Which of the following redirects the standard error output of a command to the log file "error.log"?

error.log" ">

error.log">"

error.log"">

error.log>""

Answer

Correct Answer: error.log" ">

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53. Shared libraries increase an application's disk size?

True

False

Answer

Correct Answer: False

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54. What does the "-pg" option of the Unix compiler do?

It turns on the profiling of the executable code.

It generates an assembler listing of the code.

It turns on the generation of the optimized code.

It prints the different function call graphs.

Answer

Correct Answer: It turns on the profiling of the executable code.

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55. Which of the compiler options generates an assembler output file?

-O

-a

-S

-g

Answer

Correct Answer: -S

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56. How is the value of the shell environment variable IFS changed to comma (',')?

IFS=','; export IFS

$IFS=','; export IFS

IFS=','; export $IFS

$IFS=','

Answer

Correct Answer: IFS=','; export IFS

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57. Which of the following IPC shared memory sequences is correct?

shmctl, shmat, shmdt

shmget, shmat, shmdt

shmctl, shmget, shmat, shmdt

shmat, shmdt

Answer

Correct Answer: shmget, shmat, shmdt

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58. Which of the following libraries provides the POSIX thread implementation on Solaris?

libpthread

libthread

libnptl

libc

Answer

Correct Answer: libpthread

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59. How does a programmer distinguish a child from its parent process following a fork system call?

The system call returns 0 to the child and 1 to the parent.

The system call returns 0 to the parent and the pid of the parent to the child.

The system call returns 0 to the child and the pid of the child to the parent.

There is no way to distinguish a child from its parent.

Answer

Correct Answer: The system call returns 0 to the child and the pid of the child to the parent.

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60.
What is the effect of executing the following system call on the file "test.txt"?
open("test.txt", O_TRUNC)

The file is truncated to the nearest block size before returning.

The file is created before returning.

The file is opened.

If test.txt exists, the file is truncated to 0 bytes before returning.

Answer

Correct Answer:

If test.txt exists, the file is truncated to 0 bytes before returning.

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61. Which of the following IPC message operations is performed to setup communication between arbitrary processes?

msgctl

msgsnd

msgrcv

msgget

Answer

Correct Answer: msgget

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62. Which library routine is used to translate the numeric system call error code to a human readable text error message?

sprintf

exit

error

perror

Answer

Correct Answer: perror

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63. Which of the following shell operators redirects the standard input of the command being executed?

Answer

Correct Answer: <

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64. Which of the following options specifies a non standard library path during linking?

-l

-L

-o

-g

Answer

Correct Answer: -L

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65. Which of the following options of the compiler is turned on to generate additional debug information (like the source code) for debugging an application?

Answer

Correct Answer: g

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66. Which of the following gcc compiler options turns on optimization?

optimize

Opt

-S

Answer

Correct Answer: O

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67. The library routine printf does not use any system calls.

True

False

Answer

Correct Answer: False

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68. If a process is hung in the kernel context, sending it a SIGKILL will _____.

kill the process immediately.

be ignored by the Operating System.

be delivered when the process switches back to the user context.

Answer

Correct Answer: be delivered when the process switches back to the user context.

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69. Which of the following is true of Unix system calls?

System calls cannot be executed by regular users.

System calls are executed in the user context.

System calls are executed in the kernel context.

System calls cause a process switch.

Answer

Correct Answer: System calls are executed in the kernel context.

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70. Which of the following system calls increases the process priority?

priority

nice

ulimit

fcntl

Answer

Correct Answer: nice

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71. Which of the following sequences prints all the second column fields of an input file "values.txt"?

awk

awk '{print $2}' values.txt

awk '{print #2}' values.txt

cut -2 values.txt

Answer

Correct Answer: awk '{print $2}' values.txt

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72. What is the effect of issuing a "$c" command at the adb prompt during a debugging session on a Solaris 9 system?

It generates a listing of the stack trace.

It causes the debugger to continue.

It drops to the shell.

It prints the register contents.

Answer

Correct Answer: It generates a listing of the stack trace.

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73. Which of the following commands generates a listing of the system calls being executed by a program on Solaris?

ltrace

tusc

strace

truss

Answer

Correct Answer: truss

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74. Which of the following system calls is the most memory efficient method of reading a file?

readv

read

mmap

fcntl

Answer

Correct Answer: mmap

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75.
What does the following command do to the process with pid 12345?
"kill -9 12345".

It sends the INT signal causing the process to be interrupted.

It sends the STOP signal causing the process to be stopped.

It sends the KILL signal causing the process to be killed.

It sends the HUP singal causing the process to hangup.

Answer

Correct Answer:

It sends the KILL signal causing the process to be killed.

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76. What command is used to list the shared libraries used by an executable?

ldconfig

ldd

Answer

Correct Answer: ldd

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77. Ignoring the setup cost for each of the System V IPC mechanisms, which of the following is the most efficient?

System V, Messages.

System V, Shared Memory

System V, Semaphores

Sockets

Answer

Correct Answer: System V, Shared Memory

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78. Which of the following signals cannot be ignored by a process?

SIGHUP

SIGINT

SIGTERM

SIGKILL

Answer

Correct Answer: SIGKILL

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79. What is the effect of a process executing an unlink system call while another process has opened the same file?

The unlink system call will fail.

The unlink system call will succeed and the other process will be terminated.

The unlink system call will be blocked until the other process has closed all references to the file.

The unlink system call will succeed.

Answer

Correct Answer: The unlink system call will succeed.

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80. What does the "open" system call return to the caller?

0 on success and -1 on error.

File descriptor.

An integer greater than or equal to 0 on success and -1 on error.

Always 0.

Answer

Correct Answer: An integer greater than or equal to 0 on success and -1 on error.

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81.
Threads created via pthread_create need to first set up shared memory using shmop before they can share data.

True

False

Answer

Correct Answer:

False

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82. What does the command "mknod temp p" do?

It creates a named pipe.

It creates directory nodes

It creates pipes

Answer

Correct Answer: It creates a named pipe.

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83. Which of the following utilities is used to search out regular expressions in the input?

cat

grep

head

tail

Answer

Correct Answer: grep

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84. If a process has locked a System V Semaphore and receives a SIGKILL signal, which of the following is true?

The process can catch the signal and drop the semaphore before terminating.

The process terminates without releasing the semaphore.

The semaphore is released if the process had specified SEM_UNDO during creation.

The signal is deferred until the semaphore is released.

Answer

Correct Answer: The process terminates without releasing the semaphore.
The semaphore is released if the process had specified SEM_UNDO during creation.

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85. Which of the following can be used to debug the process "123" and program "test" on a Linux system?

adb test 123

gdb test 123

strace 123

strace -f -p 123

Answer

Correct Answer: gdb test 123
strace -f -p 123

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86. Which of the following utilities is used to generate a core file of a process on Linux?

gdb

strace

gcore

objdump

Answer

Correct Answer: gdb
gcore

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87. Which of the following methods can be used to allocate and use memory on a Unix system?

brk

sbrk

malloc

calloc

Answer

Correct Answer: calloc

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88. Which of the following can be used to inspect the system call arguments of a Linux process?

strace

gdb

adb

mdb

Answer

Correct Answer: strace
gdb

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89. Which of the following utilities would you use on a standard Linux system to debug a running application?

gdb

ltrace

strace

ptrace

Answer

Correct Answer: gdb
ltrace
strace
ptrace

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90. Which of the following environment variables specifies the shared library search path?

SHARED_LIBRARIES

SHLIB_PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH

LIBRARIES

B.C

Answer

Correct Answer: SHLIB_PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH
B.C

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91. Which of the following signals are used by the Unix shell to implement job control?

SIGHUP

SIGSTOP

SIGCONT

SIGINT

B.C

Answer

Correct Answer: SIGSTOP
SIGCONT
B.C

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92. Which of the following Linux commands can be used to identify the processes consuming maximum resources (CPU, Memory)?

top

lsof

vmstat

A.B

Answer

Correct Answer: ps
top
A.B

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93. Which of the following methods can be used as a communication mechanism between two unrelated processes?

A pipe using the pipe system call.

A named pipe using the mknod system call.

Named sockets.

Signals

Answer

Correct Answer: Signals

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94.
Which of the following gdb commands can be used to obtain the stack trace of all the threads of a multi threaded program running on Linux?

::stack

thread apply all bt

Answer

Correct Answer: thread apply all bt

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95.
Which of the following are true of Unix system calls?

System calls are executed in "User" context.

The routine "malloc" which is used for allocating memory is a system call.

A new file can be created using the "open" system call.

If two processes are executing the "write" system call simultaneously, they are serialized by the operating system.

The "read" system call will never be blocked.

Answer

Correct Answer: The routine "malloc" which is used for allocating memory is a system call.

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96.
Which of the following system calls can be used to send a message via a connected socket?

send

sendto

sendmsg

write

Answer

Correct Answer: send

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97. What does this code do: BOOL sharedLockSuccess = NO; NSLock *aMutex; : sharedLockSuccess = [aMutex lockWhenCondition:1 beforeDate:[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:(NSTimeInterval)3600]]; :

A mutex is being set to be locked upon a specific condition

A mutex is tried to be locked within a specific time

A mutex is being set to be locked at a specific time

A mutex is tried to be locked with a specific condition

Answer

Correct Answer: A mutex is tried to be locked within a specific time

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98. Recently your office's UNIX tool-chain was updated. Now, code that previously used to build and run still builds without any warnings or errors but displays load-time errors due to symbols not found in shlibs. You have ensured that all necessary shared libraries are present in the path 'pointed to' by the appropriate environment variable. Which is true?

Compiler-Dynamic Linker incompatibility

Shared libraries should have been updated

Outdated symbols in symbol table or link table

Debugging info flags missing in Makefile

Answer

Correct Answer: Compiler-Dynamic Linker incompatibility

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99. It is not possible to set the sticky bit of a file when creating it. Therefore it is necessary to create the directory and then set the sticky bit by executing: mkdir(“/tmp/dir”, 0744); chmod(“/tmp/dir”, 07744). Why?

The mkdir() command is privileged, and doesn’t allow any modification to permissions

The behavior of mkdir() is undefined if anything other than permission bits is set

UNIX requires that directories be created before any non-permission bits are set

Answer

Correct Answer: The behavior of mkdir() is undefined if anything other than permission bits is set

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100. In a Unix toolchain, which one of these pairs does not fit with the others?

Executable and compiler

Object file and linker

Quads and assembler

Header file and preprocessor

Answer

Correct Answer: Executable and compiler

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101. What does this code do: [aLock lockWhenCondition:(int)self beforeDate:[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:maxTimeInterval]];

It will have no effect at all

A lock is set using a compound condition comprising of self and a time interval

A lock is locked if and when self is instantiated before a specific date-time

Control blocks for some time on a lock on a condition that is unique to an instance

Answer

Correct Answer: Control blocks for some time on a lock on a condition that is unique to an instance

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102. Which of the following could the fork() command return to the parent process?

-1

206896

4066

Answer

Correct Answer: 4066

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103. A pipe has been created, and fork() and exec() calls have been completed. What steps must be taken next in order to establish communication from the parent to the child?

The parent must create a new pipe

The parent must close pipe_fd[0], and the child must close pipe_fd[1]

The child must create a new pipe

The parent must close pipe_fd[1], and the child must close pipe_fd[0]

Answer

Correct Answer: The parent must close pipe_fd[0], and the child must close pipe_fd[1]

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104. Choose the answer that corrects the following code. FILE * file1; : if ((file1 = open("/valid_dir/existing_file", O_RDONLY, 0666)) == ERROR) { /* /valid_dir/existing_file is guaranteed to exist */ :

Bitwise OR O_RDONLY with another flag

Do not open a file within a condition

Use either one of 'O_RDONLY' and '0666'

Replace the declaration with: int file1;

Answer

Correct Answer: Replace the declaration with: int file1;

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105. Which one of the folloing is NOT necessary for a basic CORBA system?

Naming Services

Stub and skeleton

CORBAfacilities

IDL files

Answer

Correct Answer: CORBAfacilities

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106. In order to create a counting mutex, which mode does it need to use?

PTHREAD_MUTEX_NORMAL

PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE

PTHREAD_MUTEX_ERRORCHECK

PTHREAD_MUTEX_DEFAULT

Answer

Correct Answer: PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE

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107. Changing the mode of a file to be -rwxr-xr-x via the chmod system call can be achieved by setting the mode to which of the following values?

S_ISVTX | S_ISUID | S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP | S_IRXOTH

S_IRUSR | S_IRWXG | | S_IROTH | S_IXOTH

S_IRWXU | S_IRGRP | S_IXGRP | S_IROTH | S_IXOTH

S_IRWXU | S_IWGRP | S_IXOTH | S_IRWXO

Answer

Correct Answer: S_IRWXU | S_IRGRP | S_IXGRP | S_IROTH | S_IXOTH

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108. Yousee the following function call in some code: pthread_setspecific(key, value); What will this allow the coder to do?

Access thread-specific data outside the thread

Enable a thread to set and use data

Insert key-value pairs into a thread's dictionary

Use a key to identify a thread

Answer

Correct Answer: Access thread-specific data outside the thread

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109. You are coding a multi-threaded server in which n detached threads will listen on n ports with a permanent one-to-one association between threads and ports during the lifetime of the process. You want to uniquely identify each thread-port pair. To do so you:

may use either thread-id or port number

must use both thread-id and port number

can use thread-id but not port number

can use port number but not thread-id

Answer

Correct Answer: may use either thread-id or port number

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110. Which of the following functions sends a signal to the executing process?

signal()

send()

call()

raise()

Answer

Correct Answer: raise()

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111. How can two processes communicate despite having firewalls between them?

HTTP

HTTPS

(none of these)

SOCKS

Answer

Correct Answer: SOCKS

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112. An Internet socket connection essentially is:

The ANSI-defined SOCK_ADDR * structure

A combination of file pointers and streams

Two host addresses and two port numbers

A specific, system-defined socket structure

Answer

Correct Answer: Two host addresses and two port numbers

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113. The result of calling kill(6003, 0) is which of the following?

Process 6003 terminates

The existence of process 6003 is checked

The signal 0 is sent to process 6003

The signal 6003 is sent to process 0

Answer

Correct Answer: The existence of process 6003 is checked

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114. Wha does the following line do? unsigned transOK : 1;

Declares an unsigned integer and sets it to 1

Conducts a bitwise operation on transOK and 1

Identifies a bit in a byte to use as a flag

It sets the transOK flag to 1

Answer

Correct Answer: Identifies a bit in a byte to use as a flag

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115. Calling mmap(0, 4096, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, input_fd, 4096), where input_fd is the file descriptor of a 16KB file will cause which of the following to occur?

The third 4KB of the file will be loaded into a 4KB memory location

The fourth 4KB of the file will be loaded into a 4KB memory location

The second 4KB of the file will be loaded into a 4KB memory location

The first 4KB of the file will be loaded into a 4KB memory location

Answer

Correct Answer: The second 4KB of the file will be loaded into a 4KB memory location

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116. Which of the following techniques can help keep system programs secure?

Encrypt every process’ executable

Limit system calls to administrators

Setuid important processes to the root user

Check all system calls for error conditions

Answer

Correct Answer: Check all system calls for error conditions

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117. In gdb before using 'jump' you would typically do which one of the following:

Either 'step' or 'next'

Do a backtrace

Set a breakpoint

gdb has no 'jump' instruction

Answer

Correct Answer: Set a breakpoint

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118. In a Publish-And-Subscribe implementation, a subscriber must:

Be connected to one or more event publishers

Use two-way messaging

Know the event name or event identifier for one or more events

(all of these)

Answer

Correct Answer: Know the event name or event identifier for one or more events

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119. Given: int s, l; struct sockaddr_un sock_struct; The following function call: connect(s, &sock_strict, l); fails. Which one is NOT a reason for it to fail?

The value of s is negative

sock_struct passed by reference

No server bound on sock_struct

Sercer not listening on sock_struct

Answer

Correct Answer: sock_struct passed by reference

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120. A 'crashed' software needs to be debugged using its core dump. You would start by doing:

inspect

attach

step

backface

Answer

Correct Answer: attach

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121. What is the purpose of a semaphore?

To protect shared variables

To protect a critical section of code

To protect a shared memory region

Answer

Correct Answer: To protect a critical section of code

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122. Which is true, given the following code: tok = strtok_r(data, " ”, &last); while (tok) { strcat(strcpy(full_name, the_path), tok); make_secondary(eAma_full_name, TRUE); tok = strtok_r(NULL, " ”, &last); }

Should not pass last by reference inside the while() loop

The syntax is wrong; it should be strtok(char *, const char *)

Passing NULL as the first param to strtok_r() is an error

Re-entrantly tokenizes on delimiter " ” to stringify something

Answer

Correct Answer: Re-entrantly tokenizes on delimiter " ” to stringify something

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123. What will happen when the compiler 'sees' the following code? #define FTP_TYPE "" #ifdef -FTP #define FTP_TYPE "FTP" #elif #ifdef -PASV #ifndef FTP_TYPE #define FTP_TYPE "PASV" #endif #endif

It's not a question of 'when' but if: compiler will 'see' it only if -FTP or -PASV is set

Compile will proceed with a warning of #define'ing a symbol as a string

Compile will fail with an error of #define'ing a symbol as a string

It is neither 'code' nor will the compiler 'see' it

Answer

Correct Answer: It is neither 'code' nor will the compiler 'see' it

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124. Which of the following advocates the use of memmove() over memcopy() for performing fast data copying from one buffer to another correctly?

The buffers are small

The buffers are large

The buffers may overlap

The buffers will not overlap

Answer

Correct Answer: The buffers may overlap

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125. CORBA's DII allows a client to do which one of the following?

Generate client-side stubs for interfaces

Dynamically link with cross-platform libs

Connect with proxy objects across platforms

Discover new objects and interfaces at runtime

Answer

Correct Answer: Discover new objects and interfaces at runtime

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126. Sharing memory between processes using mmap vs. shm_open has which of the following advantages?

The memory buffer is destroyed when the processes end

The memory buffer automatically expands to meet the needs of the processes

The memory buffer more quickly accessed

The memory buffer is persistent beyond the life of the processes

Answer

Correct Answer: The memory buffer is destroyed when the processes end

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127. Which of the following is the result of a process calling UNIX exec()?

A new process is created

The process blocks waiting for another process to run

The process is completely overwritten

The process becomes executable

Answer

Correct Answer: The process is completely overwritten

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128. In an IDL which one of the following is NOT a valid declaration?

enum

readonly

oneway

oneread

Answer

Correct Answer: oneread

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129. You want to copy binary contents of memory from one location to another. Which one of these h-files will you #include?

string.h

locate.h

mem.h

stdio.h

Answer

Correct Answer: string.h

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130. A thread has its own copy of which of th following?

Files

Variables

Address space

Stack

Answer

Correct Answer: Stack

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131. Which one is not a difference between exit() and _exit()?

One is a true system call; the other is a library routine

One does some work on its own, then calls the other

One is for the main process; the other for forked processes

One flushes and closes I/O streams; the other doesn't

Answer

Correct Answer: One is for the main process; the other for forked processes

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132. In order to prevent signal handler race conditions, a developer must do which of the following?

Call sigsetmask() to set the signal mask to be blocked

Create a mutex within the handler to protect shared resources

Call sigaction() to block the signal and set the signal mask at the same time

Answer

Correct Answer: Call sigaction() to block the signal and set the signal mask at the same time

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133. What is a UNIX directory?

A list of files

A special type of inode

A file that contains other files

Answer

Correct Answer: A file that contains other files

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134. In Multi-Threaded programming you want an active thread to push itself back in the background in favour of some other thread. You will use which function:

sched_yield()

pthread_detach()

pthread_cancel()

pthread_setschedparam()

Answer

Correct Answer: sched_yield()

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135. What type of attack can be mitigated by using ulimit, setrlimit(), and quotactrl()?

Man-in-the-middle

Password cracking

Denial of service

Buffer Overflow

Answer

Correct Answer: Denial of service

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136. What does the line #define S_IRWXG 0000070 relate to?

Defining bitwise flags

User-defined typing

Flags for file access

Alpha-numeric interchange

Answer

Correct Answer: Flags for file access

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137. You want a char * that will contain the timestamp as YYYYMMDD-hh:mm:ss . You would use:

sprintf()

strftime()

localtime()

get_datetime()

Answer

Correct Answer: strftime()

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138. Which of the following is an advantage of using pipes over shared memory for interprocess communication?

Pipes can be shared by more processes

Pipes connect processes on multiple machines

No additional work required on multiple CPU systems without cache coherence

Faster access time

Answer

Correct Answer: No additional work required on multiple CPU systems without cache coherence

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139. The following code is written to be accessed by multiple detached threads. : const char * c; char * d; : /* no lock and no mutex is used in any way here */ my_print_func (c, &d); : Which one of the following will happen when this code is re-entered by multiple threads?

The code will sometimes run and sometimes cause a crash

The code will always cause a crash

It isn't possible to tell without looking at my_print_func()

One thread will run while others will crash or abort

Answer

Correct Answer: It isn't possible to tell without looking at my_print_func()

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140. When there are more fork() calls than wait() calls, which of the following is created?

thread

daemon

orphan

zombie

Answer

Correct Answer: zombie

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141. Which of the following can be called to remove zombie processes?

wait4()

free()

close()

flush()

Answer

Correct Answer: wait4()

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142. Thread joining synchronizes threads by doing which of the following?

The thread that calls join blocks until all of the joinable threads complete

The system manages the shared resources for the joined threads

The joined threads are added to a queue and executed serially

Answer

Correct Answer: The thread that calls join blocks until all of the joinable threads complete

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143. What does the following function return? Class retVal = [self class]; if ([retVal class] != [NSObject class]) { while ([retVal superclass] != [NSObject class]) retVal = [retVal superclass]; } return retVal;

The present object's ultimate superclass or base class below the root object

The present object's superclass or base class

The present object's class

The root object

Answer

Correct Answer: The present object's ultimate superclass or base class below the root object

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144. In UNIX, a program requires higher privileges in order to do which of the following?

Listen on a port below 1024

Create a file in the /tmp directory

Open a file in the owner’s directory

exec() a new process

Answer

Correct Answer: Listen on a port below 1024

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145. Which of the following could the fork() command return to the child process?

-1

2054

19456

Answer

Correct Answer: 0

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146. Given: int s, l; struct sockaddr_un sock_struct; Choose the option that corrects the following line: bind(s, sock_struct, l);

bind(s, &sock_struct, l);

bind(s, l, sock_struct);

bind(s, sizeof(sock_struct), l);

bind(sock_struct, s, l);

Answer

Correct Answer: bind(s, &sock_struct, l);

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147. Using two resident processes on a PC and a Unix box, you are streaming unbuffered the contents of a text-file byte by byte from the PC to the Unix box where it is written byte by byte to the local hard disk. Eyeing the written file it is obvious that it is not quite right. You have likely run into which problem?

Big endian versus littlen endian

Text file versus binary file

Ignoring the parity bit

Not using buffered streaming

Answer

Correct Answer: Big endian versus littlen endian

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148. Which of the following best describes the purpose of the unlink() call?

Removes the file from its directory

Sets the file’s inode count to one (1)

Moves the file in from one directory to another

Answer

Correct Answer: Removes the file from its directory

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149. Thrashing caused by loading a large file can be reduced by mapping the file to memory due to which of the following features?

Mapped memory is cached

Mapped memory uses prefetching

Mapped memory uses lazy loading

Answer

Correct Answer: Mapped memory uses lazy loading

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150. Correct the following code: 10 int my_sock; : 20 my_sock = socket(anaddr.sin_family, SOCK_STREAM, 0); 21 if (my_sock >= 0) { /* error processing */ : }

line 21: if (my_sock < 0) {

line 20: my_sock = (int *)socket(anaddr.sin_family, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

line 20: my_sock = socket(SOCK_STREAM, anaddr.sin_family, 0);

line 10: SOCKET * my_sock;

Answer

Correct Answer: line 21: if (my_sock < 0) {

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151. Which of the following IPC mechanisms has an inode?

semaphore

named pipe

shared memory

unnamed pipe

Answer

Correct Answer: named pipe

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152. Any code that calls a function whose interface includes the line raises(aLibrary:BookIsMissing); should do which one?

#include errno.h header file

Properly pass parameter for Book

Pass both parameters by reference

Implement an exception handler

Answer

Correct Answer: Implement an exception handler

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153. Which of the following methods is used by system programs to access a character device (such as keyboards, audio cards, etc) on a UNIX system?

Standard file access functions

Pipes

It depends on the device

Answer

Correct Answer: Standard file access functions

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154. Which of the following provides the most random seed source for a pseudo random number generator?

C rand() function

/dev/random

Answer

Correct Answer: /dev/random

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155. When a new process is created using fork(), which of the following describes the state of open file descriptors?

The child inherits the parent’s

The child always has an empty set of closed descriptors

The child has distinct copies of the parent’s

The child overwrites the parent’s

Answer

Correct Answer: The child inherits the parent’s

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156. Which of the following is correct for the standard file descriptors that are automatically opened in UNIX?

STDIN_FILENO = 0, STDOUT_FILENO = 1, STDERR_FILENO = 2

STDOUT_FILENO = 0, STDERR_FILENO = 1, STDERR_FILENO = 2

STDERR_FILENO = 0, STDOUT_FILENO = 1, STDIN_FILENO = 2

STDIN_FILENO = 0, STDERR_FILENO = 1, STDOUT_FILENO = 2

Answer

Correct Answer: STDIN_FILENO = 0, STDOUT_FILENO = 1, STDERR_FILENO = 2

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157. The sticky bit is used to enable which of the following features?

Aggressive caching of a process

Prevent users from renaming or deleting files created by other users

Keep a process from swapping out of memory

Answer

Correct Answer: Prevent users from renaming or deleting files created by other users

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158. Which of the following fields in the stat struct contain last time the file was modified?

st_ctime

st_mtime

st_atime

Answer

Correct Answer: st_mtime

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159. What is thread safety?

Multiple threads can be executed without corrupting shared data

Threads don’t start until all of the resources they require are available

Threads can only access the data in its process

Answer

Correct Answer: Multiple threads can be executed without corrupting shared data

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160. Is it good programming that the following function call is recursive? void func(unsigned long a) { unsigned long x; struct t_struct[] p; : p = (struct t_struct )alloca(a*sizeof(t_struct)); : While (x = f2()) func(x); : return; }

Yes, because recursion is always preferable to iteration

No, because iteration is always preferable to recursion

No, because both stack depth and stack-frame size are unpredictable

No, because there is more than one 'long integer' type

Answer

Correct Answer: No, because both stack depth and stack-frame size are unpredictable

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161. If you see: int ff; write(ff, data, sizeof(data)); you know that ff is:

a file descriptor

a file struct

a file function

a file pointer

Answer

Correct Answer: a file descriptor

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162. The purpose of the poll() and select() system calls is to perform which of the following functions?

Frequently check email and other network services

Sample system process information for use by the top command

Watch a set of file descriptors to see which are ready

Answer

Correct Answer: Watch a set of file descriptors to see which are ready

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163. Given the following line: my_fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_APPEND, 0644); Which statement is true?

Syntax error; the second argument should be a single integer type

Syntax error; the function takes only one more argument after 'filename'

Runtime error opening the file as the various flags and modes are in conflict

Opens a file descriptor, bitwise OR'ing output flags and in mode 644

Answer

Correct Answer: Opens a file descriptor, bitwise OR'ing output flags and in mode 644

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164. Which of the following is true of hard links?

Hard links can cross filesystems

Files are deleted from disk when a hard link is removed

Hard links are directory entries that point to the same inode as another file

Answer

Correct Answer: Hard links are directory entries that point to the same inode as another file

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165. If a function is a 'blocking function' then:

The function is written using block structuring

The function must terminate before control returns to caller

This function's purpose is to block unstructured calls

This function has the highest possible priority

Answer

Correct Answer: The function must terminate before control returns to caller

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166. Threads and processes are related in which one of the following ways?

Threads and processes exist separately

Each thread exists within a process

Each process exists within a thread

Answer

Correct Answer: Each thread exists within a process

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167. You want the same codebase to conditionally compile on and for different target platforms. Which of the following would you use?

#itdef, #ifndef, and #endif

Bit flags and bitwise OR'ing

Use host-specific linkers

if, else if, and else blocks

Answer

Correct Answer: #itdef, #ifndef, and #endif

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168. The language of choice for Systems Programming is:

PHP

ALGOL

LISP

None of these

Answer

Correct Answer: None of these

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169. An orphan process occurs as a result of which of the following conditions?

Child process terminates before its parent process

Parent process terminates before its child process

Parent and child process terminate simultaneously

Answer

Correct Answer: Parent process terminates before its child process

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170. Using strncpy() to copy strings can help prevent which of the following attacks?

Man-in-the-middle

Buffer overflow

Password cracking

Denial of service

Answer

Correct Answer: Buffer overflow

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171. You want to listen on a port for some user-defined data stream. Would you use port 80?

No, it is a 'well-defined' or reserved port.

Yes, it is as good as any other port number.

Yes, it is best ot use low numbers for port numbers.

No, it is best to use three or four digit port numbers.

Answer

Correct Answer: No, it is a 'well-defined' or reserved port.

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172. Some programme that streams data to a hard-disk file in a loop crashed before it closed the FILE pointer. When the output file is inspected side-by-side with the logs, it is clear that the fprintf() function previous to the crash was unsuccessful. Such a situation can be averted using which one of the following?

fflush()

fscanf()

fbuffer()

sscanf()

Answer

Correct Answer: fflush()

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173. Race conditions are caused by which of the following conditions in a multithreaded system?

Proper program function requires all threads to run quickly

Proper program function requires that all threads run at the same speed

Proper program function is dependent on the execution sequence and timing of each thread

Answer

Correct Answer: Proper program function is dependent on the execution sequence and timing of each thread

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174. You see the line: listen (s, 3); You are looking at code for:

A client's server

A client's socket

A server's clients

A server's socket

Answer

Correct Answer: A server's socket

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175. Using a terminal you want to log in to an account on a remote computer and securely build. Which would you use?

SSH

RSH

EncryptoTelnet

rlogin

Answer

Correct Answer: SSH

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176. When communicating across sockets, which of the following functions must be used when the socket is in a connected state?

send()

sendto()

sendmsg()

Answer

Correct Answer: send()

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177. Which one of the following is NOT applicable in real-time Systems Programming?

Timing Diagram

Sequence Diagram

Event Trace

E-R Schema

Answer

Correct Answer: E-R Schema

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178. What does the following line do? memset((char *)&ctl_addr, 0, sizeof(ctl_addr));

Initializes a subset of memory pointed to by &ctl_addr

Given that 0 is passed, it unsets the memory of ctl_addr

Initializes the region of memory pointed to by &ctl_addr

Allocates and initializes memory for variable ctl_addr

Answer

Correct Answer: Initializes the region of memory pointed to by &ctl_addr

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179. Where would you expect to encounter the following code? for (i=1; i<argc; i++) { if (argv[i][0] == '-') {

In the scanning for an internals function

Anywhere at all

In the iteration of the fscanf() function

In the beginning of the main() function

Answer

Correct Answer: In the beginning of the main() function

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Basic System Programming MCQ

1. An expert system uses _________ , or rules of thumb, to arrive at conclusions or make suggestions.

2. _____ are the systems special characteristics that appeal to users.

3. Placing a structure within another structure is called ____ structures.

4. What is the effect of appending an ampersand ("&") at the end of a shell command?

5. Which of the following are true of typical Unix like systems?

6. Which of the following compiler options links the standard math library to the executable?

7. Which of the following system calls can be used to change process scheduling priority?

8. How do two threads synchronize access to shared data in a multi threaded application?

9. Which of the following commands can be used to install the native software package SOFTpkg on a Solaris system?

10. If a write system call fails and if errno is set to EFAULT, what does it signify?

11. A process opens a file and forgets to close the file descriptor when it exits. What is the result?

12. Where are the DNS and search domains specified?

13. Which of the following C headers needs to be included for socket programming?

14. Which of the following shell operators is used to send the standard output of the first command to the standard input of the second command?

15. Which of the following system calls creates a named socket?

16. Which of the following socket system calls creates a Unix Domain Socket connection?

17. If a process is terminated due to a SEGFAULT on a Solaris 9 system, what is the name of the core file that is created?

18. Which of the following system calls can be used to create device special files?

19. What is the outcome of attempting an ioctl system call on a block device file?

20. Which of the following IO mechanisms allows greater performance to concurrent IO-intensive applications?

21. Which of the following commands can be used to compile a C file called "test.c" into an executable called "test"?

22. Which of the following system calls is specific to debugging?

23. Which of the following commands can be used to create a static (archive) library?

24. Which of the following system calls can be used to get the metadata of a file?

25. Which of the following creates an IPC message channel?

26. Which of the following is employed by the operating system to speed up file IO on a Solaris system.

27. What is the name of the standard linker on Unix?

28. Which of the following block sizes results in the best read/write performance for an IO intensive application?

29. By convention, which of the following signals causes a daemon to reload its configuration?

30. How do threads created using pthread library share data between themselves efficiently?

31. Which of the following segments within the process address space are unique to each thread?

32. What is the network byte order in Unix?

33. Which of the following gcc options can be used to generate a position independent code on a Linux system?

34. Which of the following calls is used to initiate a socket connection to a target address?

35. Which of the following shell parameters contains the return value of the previously executed shell command?

36. On Linux, the pthread_create interface does not use the fork system call to create threads.

37. If a process executes the following C code on a Linux system, what is the outcome? char *cp = 0, c = *cp;

38. What does the open system call return upon success?

39. Which of the following sequences creates a socket based connection for communication?

40. A C program "domath.c" utilizes the math library. Which of the following commands correctly creates the corresponding executable "domath"?

41. What is the effect of setting the "sticky" bit on an application's executable image?

42. How many bytes of a file of size 1023 will be read by the following piece of code? char buf[256]; while (read(fd, buf, 256)) { /* Take some action */ }

43. Which of the following ksh trap sequences causes the function "handler" to be executed when the script exits?

44. Which of the following commands can be used to list all the active TCP connections only on a Linux system?

45. Which of the following commands can be used on a Linux system to configure a network interface (card)?

46. Which of the following commands can be used on a Linux system to kill process 8977 and all its children?

47. What is the default file descriptor used for the error outputs of a process?

48. Which of the following commands can be used to generate a listing of all the shared libraries that an executable needs?

49. Which of the following shell commands is useful in single stepping through a shell script?

50. Which system call is used to send a signal to another process?

51. What are the typical system calls the Unix shell invokes when it has to execute a new command?

52. Which of the following redirects the standard error output of a command to the log file "error.log"?

53. Shared libraries increase an application's disk size?

54. What does the "-pg" option of the Unix compiler do?

55. Which of the compiler options generates an assembler output file?

56. How is the value of the shell environment variable IFS changed to comma (',')?

57. Which of the following IPC shared memory sequences is correct?

58. Which of the following libraries provides the POSIX thread implementation on Solaris?

59. How does a programmer distinguish a child from its parent process following a fork system call?

60. What is the effect of executing the following system call on the file "test.txt"?open("test.txt", O_TRUNC)

61. Which of the following IPC message operations is performed to setup communication between arbitrary processes?

62. Which library routine is used to translate the numeric system call error code to a human readable text error message?

63. Which of the following shell operators redirects the standard input of the command being executed?

64. Which of the following options specifies a non standard library path during linking?

65. Which of the following options of the compiler is turned on to generate additional debug information (like the source code) for debugging an application?

66. Which of the following gcc compiler options turns on optimization?

67. The library routine printf does not use any system calls.

68. If a process is hung in the kernel context, sending it a SIGKILL will _____.

69. Which of the following is true of Unix system calls?

70. Which of the following system calls increases the process priority?

71. Which of the following sequences prints all the second column fields of an input file "values.txt"?

72. What is the effect of issuing a "$c" command at the adb prompt during a debugging session on a Solaris 9 system?

73. Which of the following commands generates a listing of the system calls being executed by a program on Solaris?

74. Which of the following system calls is the most memory efficient method of reading a file?

75. What does the following command do to the process with pid 12345?"kill -9 12345".

76. What command is used to list the shared libraries used by an executable?

77. Ignoring the setup cost for each of the System V IPC mechanisms, which of the following is the most efficient?

78. Which of the following signals cannot be ignored by a process?

79. What is the effect of a process executing an unlink system call while another process has opened the same file?

11.
A process opens a file and forgets to close the file descriptor when it exits. What is the result?

37.
If a process executes the following C code on a Linux system, what is the outcome?
char cp = 0, c = cp;

40.
A C program "domath.c" utilizes the math library. Which of the following commands correctly creates the corresponding executable "domath"?

42.
How many bytes of a file of size 1023 will be read by the following piece of code?
char buf[256];
while (read(fd, buf, 256)) {
/* Take some action */
}

51.
What are the typical system calls the Unix shell invokes when it has to execute a new command?

60.
What is the effect of executing the following system call on the file "test.txt"?
open("test.txt", O_TRUNC)

75.
What does the following command do to the process with pid 12345?
"kill -9 12345".

81.
Threads created via pthread_create need to first set up shared memory using shmop before they can share data.

94.
Which of the following gdb commands can be used to obtain the stack trace of all the threads of a multi threaded program running on Linux?

95.
Which of the following are true of Unix system calls?

96.
Which of the following system calls can be used to send a message via a connected socket?