Statistical Data In Social Science MCQ Questions Answers

1. A ____________ variable can have values that are numbers on the real number line.

2. The point at which the regression line crosses the Y-axis is called ____.

3. A measure of social class that is often based on some combination of income, occupation, and education is called socioeconomic status.

4. The steepness of the regression line is called _____.

5. A graph that displays the relationship between two interval/ratio variables by plotting the location of each case as a point at the intersection of two axes (X and Y) is called ____.

6. A statistical method that assesses the degree to which two variables are correlated and is represented as a straight “best-fitting” line is called ____.

7. The percent of total variance in the dependent variable that is explained by the independent variable is called _____.

8. A relationship between two interval/ratio variables where lower values on one variable tend to have lower values on the second variable and when cases with higher values on one variable tend to have higher values on the second variable is called Positive correlation.

9. A symmetrical measure of association that is based on a presumed linear relationship between two interval/ratio variables is called _____.

10. A relationship between two interval/ratio variables with lower values on one variable tend to have higher values on the second variable is called _____ correlation.

11. A tool used to describe the relationship between two interval/ratio variables that relies on the use of scatterplots and a prediction of the “best-fitting” line to describe the trend is called _____ regression.

12. A period of unprecedented economic expansion in the U.S. economy during the post–World War II era is called _____.

13. A line that runs through a scatterplot along the path that minimizes the total sum of case deviations from the line is called _____.

14. A symmetrical measure of association used when working with two interval/ratio variables that is based on variance is called _____.

15. The amount of variance that exists for all cases in a sample relative to their subgroup means is called _____ - group sum of squares.

16. The amount of variance that exists for all cases in a sample relative to the mean for the entire sample. It is equal to the sum of withingroup variance and between-group variance is called Total sum of squares.

17. The sum of squared deviations from a mean is called _____.

18. A technique used to control for sampling error in which the within-group sum of squares is divided by its corresponding degrees of freedom is called Mean square _____ population.

19. A technique used to control for sampling error in which the betweengroup sum of squares is divided by its corresponding degrees of freedom is known as Mean square _____populations.

20. The outcome of an analysis of variance calculation equal to the ratio of the mean square between groups to the mean square within groups is called ____.

21. A measure of association used when the independent variable is categorical (nominal or ordinal) and the dependent variable is interval/ratio is called _____.

22. The amount of variance that exists for all cases in a sample when comparing subgroup means with the overall mean is knwin as Between-group sum of squares.

23. An inferential statistic to assess the statistical significance of the relationship between two variables across multiple populations is called _____.

24. All statistical associations range between 0 and 1.0, with 0 indicating no association and 1.0 indicating a perfect association is called strength of association.

25. A condition that exists when changes in one variable are accompanied by changes in another variable is called ____association.

26. A proportionate reduction of error measure of association based on ordered pairs that is used when working with cross-tabulation tables that contain two ordinal variables is called _____.

27. The proportion of errors that are eliminated in predicting values on the dependent variable by knowing values on the independent variable is known as proportionate reduction of error.

28. A chi-square-based measure of association used with 2 x 2 cross-tabulation tables that contain at least one nominal variable is called _____.

29. Ordinal measures of association based on the concept of ordered pairs used when both variables in a cross-tabulation table are operationalized at the ordinal level.

30. _____ measures of association used when working with cross tabulation includes cramers,lambda and gamma.

31. A proportionate reduction of error measure of association used when at least one of the two variables in a cross-tabulation table is nominal is called _____.

32. A proportionate reduction of error measure of association,is symmetric, meaning that it does not distinguish between independent and dependent variables called _____.

33. Refers to whether an increase in one variable is accompanied by an increase (positive association) or decrease (negative association) in another variable is called Directiom of association.

34. A chi-square-based measure of association used with cross-tabulation tables that are rectangular in shape and contain at least one nominal variable is known as ______.

35. A chi-square-based measure of association used with cross-tabulation tables that are square in shape and contain at least one nominal variable is called Contingency coefficient.

36. A condition in which changes in one variable are caused by changes in another variable is called _____.

37. A chi-square test for a crosstabulation table is called _____.

38. The percent of all cases located in a single cell of a cross-tabulation table is called _____ percent.

39. The amount of faith we can put in our statistics is called Statistical singinficance.

40. The variable with attributes in the rows of a cross-tabulation table is called Row _____.

41. The percent of cases within the population of a particular attribute of the row variable in a cross-tabulation table is called Row _____.

42. A chi-square test for a frequency table is called ____.

43. The actual distribution of cases in a frequency table or a cross-tabulation table is called _____.

44. A distribution of cases in either a frequency table or a cross-tabulation table that we would expect to see if no trends exist in the data are known as _____ frequencies.

45. The variable with attributes in the columns of a cross-tabulation table is called as

46. The percent of cases within the population of a particular attribute of the column variable in a cross-tabulation table is called as

47. An error that occurs when we fail to reject the null hypothesis when in fact the null hypothesis is false is called ____ error.

48. An error that occurs when we reject the null hypothesis when in fact the null hypothesis is true is called ____ error.

49. A family of curves, each differing slightly more from the normal curve depending on the number of degrees of freedom is called ____ distribution

50. An estimate of the standard deviation of a distribution of proportions from a series of samples. It is based on a single sample.

51. An estimate of the standard deviation of a distribution of means from a series of samples. It is based on a single sample is called Standard error of the ____.

52. A technique used to estimate the magnitude of difference between means from two random samples using standard deviations is called Standard error of differentiation.

53. The difference between the characteristics of a random sample and the characteristics of the population from which the sample was drawn is called ______

54. A prediction that a trend or pattern exists in the data is called research hypothesis.

55. A sample in which each member of the population has a known and equal probability of being selected is called _____ sample.

56. Measures are the sed to describe the characteristics of a population is called _____.

57. A prediction that no trend or pattern exists in the data is called _____.

58. A sample in which members of the population have unknown or different probabilities of being selected is called ____ sample.

59. All of the members of a population are eligible to be included in the sample are known as _____.

60. A concept used to account for the difference in shape between a sampling distribution and a normal curve is called Degrees of freedom.

61. A range of values between which we can be 99% confident that a mean or proportion will fall is known as _____.

62. A range of values between which we can be 95% confident that a mean or proportion will fall is known as _____

63. A range of values between which 68% of all sample means (or proportions) will fall is called _____

64. _____tell us how many standard deviations a particular case falls from the mean.

65. Networks of relations between individuals is called social capital.

66. The act of returning a case to the population after it has been selected. Replacement maintains N at its original value is called _____.

67. The proportion of times that we can expect an event to occur is called _____.

68. The likelihood that a particular event will occur is called _____.

69. The occurrence of independent outcomes is equal to the product of their individual probabilities is known as Multlplication rule of probability.

70. Events in which the occurrence of one event has no impact on the occurrence of other events are called Independent events.

71. Events in which the occurrence of one event precludes the occurrence of other events are called Ddisjoint events.

72. The probability of a range of possible events is equal to the sum of their indmeansbabilities is called _____ of probability.

73. The mathematical average of the squared deviations from the mean is called _____.

74. The square root of the mathematical average of squared deviations from the mean. It is the square root of the variance is called ______deviation.

75. The difference between the values of the highest and lowest cases in a distribution is called ______.

76. A bell-shaped symmetrical distribution of cases is called _____.

77. A group of statistics that describe how tightly or loosely distribution cases are clustered is called Measures of dispersion.

78. The mathematical average of deviations from the mean (measured in absolute values)is called ______.

79. The difference between the values at the third and first quartiles in a distribution is called Interquartile range.

80. The degree to which cases are clustered around a specific value, usually the meanis called _____.

81. A way to graphically represent a distribution using the 25th percentile, 50th percentile (median), and 75th percentile is called _____.

82. The degree to which normal distribution is distorted due to the effect of outliers is called _____.

83. Cases with values either higher or lower relative to the typical pattern in a distribution is called _____.

84. The most frequently occurring value in a distribution is called _____.

85. The value of the middle case in a rank-ordered distribution is called _____.

86. A group of statistics that indicate where cases tend to cluster in a distribution or what is typical in a group distribution is called Measures of Central Tendency.

87. _____ is calculated by summing all the scores in a distribution and dividing by the total number of scores.

88. Used with interval/ratio variables is called _____.

89. A statistic that represents what is typical in a distribution is called _____.

90. Descriptive labels for the attributes of a variable is called _____ labels.

91. A column in a frequency table that standardizes frequencies by expressing them as the number of times an attribute occurs per 100 cases is called Valid percent.

92. A way to compare the relative frequency of cases across populations is called _____.

93. A way to standardize the frequency of cases so that comparisons can be made across populations is called _____.

94. A way to standardize the frequency of cases as the number of responses per 100 cases is called _____.

95. A column in a frequency table that standardizes frequencies by expressing them as the number of times an attribute occurs per 100 cases. It is based on all cases is called _____.

96. Cases in a frequency table that, for whatever reason, do not provide data is called ____ cases.

97. Data that represent characteristics of individuals is called _____ data.

98. A table for a single variable that indicates the number of cases for each attribute of the variable is called frequency table.

99. A column in a frequency table that shows the number of times a particular attribute occurs is called frequency column.

100. The number of times an attribute occurs is called _____.